Power point présentation on importance of the GATT and the rounds held under it for improving, it and omission of unnecessary provisions. Specifically the Tokyo, and Kennedy rounds.

1. THE GENERAL AGREEMENT
ON TARIFFS AND TRADE
( THE GATT)
WHAT IS THE GATT AND ITS PURPOSE

2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE
GATT
• THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE (GATT)
WAS SIGNED BY 23 COUNTRIES IN 1947, AFTER THE SECOND
WORLD WAR AND IT LATER BECAME LAW IN 1948 JANUARY 1ST
• THE GATT IS A LEGAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN DIFFERENT
COUNTRIES
• ITS MAIN PURPOSE IS TO PROMOTE INTERNATIONAL TRADE
BY REDUCING OR ELIMINATING TRADE BARRIERS SUCH AS
TARIFFS OR QUOTAS

3. CON’
• THE AGREEMENTS WAS NEGOTIATED AND UPDATED
THROUGH 8 ROUNDS THAT WERE HELD IN THE PERIOD
BETWEEN 1947 TO 1994

4. THE KENNEDY ROUND
• THE KENNEDY ROUND IS THE 6TH ROUND, WHICH OCCURRED
IN GENEVA FROM 1964 TO 1967.
• IT CONSISTED OF 66 COUNTRIES
• THE KENNEDY ROUND WAS NAMED AFTER THE UNITED
STATES FORMER PRESIDENT WHO DIED THE PREVIOUS YEAR
.JOHN F. KENNEDY.

5. OBJECTIVES
• TO SLASH TARIFFS BY HAIF WITH A MINIMUM EXPECTION
• TO BREAK DOWN FARM TRADE RESTRICTIONS
• TO REMOVE NON TARIFF BARRIERS – NON TARIFF BARRIERS ARE
MEASURES USED BY THE STATES OR GOVERNMENT TO RESTRICT
TRADE. THESE INCLUDE QUOTAS, TECHNICAL BARRIERS,SANITARY
AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES.
• TO ELIMINATE DUMPING- DUMPING IS THE SELLING OF GOODS
BELOW THE NORMAL PRICES TO DAMAGE THE ECONOMY OF THE
RECIPIENT COUNTRY.

6. RESULTS OF THE KENNEDY ROUND
• THEY WERE ABLE TO OBTAIN THE ADDTION OF THE NEW PART
TITLED ‘ TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT’’ TO THE GATT CHARTER.
• THE AGREEMENT WAS ESTABLISHED TO STRENGTHEN THE ROLE
OF THE GATT IN THA ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF LESS
DEVELOPED GATT CONTRACTING PARTIES.
• IN ORDER TO IMPLIMENT THIS AGREEMENT A COMMITTEE WAS
ESTABLISHED AND WAS CALLED THE COMMITTED ON TRADE AND
DEVELOPMENT
• THE COMMITTEE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT (CTD) WAS
ESTABLISHED IN 1965

7. CON’
• THE COMMITTEE FOCUSES ON ISSUES RELATED TO :
• THE FULLER INTERGRATION OF ALL DEVELOPING COUNTRY
MEMBERS INTO INTERNATIONAL TRADING SYSTEM
• TECHNICAL COOPERATION AND TRAINING
• COMMODITIES, MARKET ACCESS IN PRODUCTS OF INTEREST TO
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
• THE WTO’S TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND CAPACITY BUILDING
ACTIVITIES FOR EXAMPLE.

8. THE TOKYO ROUND
• THE 7TH ROUND OF THE GATT, LAUNCHED AT A MEETING IN
TOKYO FROM THE 12TH TO THE 14TH OF SEPTEMBER IN 1973 AND IT
LASTED UNTILL APRIL OF 1979.
• TOKYO INUUGURATION, THE HARD BARGAINING CONTINUED IN
GENEVA.
• PARTICIPANTS REACHED OVER 102 COUNTRIES ( ALL OF WHICH
WERE PARTIES TO THE GATT)
• THIS ROUND WAS HELD TO BE THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE OF ALL
THE ROUNDS OF NEGOTIATIONS HELD WITHIN THE GATT SINCE
ITS FOUNDING IN 1948.

9. OBJECTIVES OF THE ROUND
• TO HARMONISE GOVERNMENT POLICES
• TO REDUCE TARIFF AND ESTABLISH NEW REGULATION
AIMED AT CONTOLLING THE PROLIFERATION OF NON TARIFF
BARRIER AND VOLUNTARY EXPORT RESTRICTIONS
• TO IMPROVE THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
• TO REDUCE WORLDWIDE TARIFF( THIS TIME THE COMMITTEE
REDUCED BY

10. THE AGREEMENTS REACHED IN THE
TOKYO ROUND
• A series of agreements were reached on various non-tariff barriers, but they were
only signed by some participants - they became known as the Tokyo Round
"codes".-- developed agreements on anti-dumping measures, government
procurement, technical barriers to trade and other non-tariff measures - The Tokyo
Round was held to be "the most comprehensive of all the seven rounds of
negotiations held within the GATT since its founding in 1948". One novelty was
that it covered bovine meat and dairy products.
• The agricultural sector was a focus.
• Developing countries were given more say in this round than had been the case in
past MTNs.

11. • Although the primary purpose of this agreement was not the regulation of sanitary and
phytosanitary measures, it covered all technical requirements.- including those resulting from
food safety and animal and plant health measures, pesticide residue limits, inspection
requirements and labelling.-
• The negotiations resulted in reduced tariffs and established new regulations aimed at
controlling the proliferation of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) and voluntary export restrictions.
• The aim was further to harmonise government policies. - - RESULT - reduced tariffs and
established new regulations aimed at controlling the proliferation of non-tariff barriers
(NTBs) and voluntary export restrictions. The aim was further to harmonise government
policies.