Philippe Aigrain proposes a framework for positive intellectual rights and information exchange that differentiates between varieties of intellectual property based on how they can be produced, used, and exchanged. This aims to truly serve creators without unduly restricting information exchanges. Google Book Search digitally reproduced copyrighted works without permission, claiming it was fair use. This led to a class action lawsuit that was later settled. The settlement established rules for how Google could display snippets of text and established a book rights registry. The Pirate Bay indexes torrent files, enabling illegal downloading of copyrighted media. It has been involved in several piracy lawsuits. There is debate around whether services like Google Book Search, YouTube, and The Pirate Bay