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DDoo NNooww 
• How many bones are in your body? 
• What is the periosteum? 
• What is the compact bone? 
• What is spongy bone? 
• What bone cell makes new bones? 
• What is the difference between the 
axial and appendicular skeleton? 
• What does the pivot joint do?
IINNTTEEGGUUMMEENNTTAARRYY 
SSYYSSTTEEMM
OObbjjeeccttiivveess 
• I will be able to describe the 
role the integumentary system 
plays in maintaining homeostasis 
• I will be able to compare and 
contrast melanin production as how 
it relates to skin cancer and 
Vitamin D production.
The Integumentary System is your skin!
44 TTyyppeess ooff TTiissssuuee iinn 
tthhee SSkkiinn 
• Epithelial: covers the surface of 
the body 
• Connective: tough and flexible 
protein fibers 
• Muscle: interacts with hairs to 
respond to stimuli such as cold 
and fright 
• Nervous: allows us to detect 
external stimuli (pain, pressure, 
etc) ex. Hand on stove
VViiddeeoo ttiimmee 
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-IJhAWrsm0 
• A song about the integumentary system? 
Almost as good as the cardiovascular 
rap.. Almost. 
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rz8KKPo71lY&feature=
IInntteegguummeennttaarryy SSyysstteemm 
• YYoouurr sskkiinn iiss 
ccoommppoosseedd ooff mmaannyy 
ddiiffffeerreenntt llaayyeerrss 
aanndd ppaarrttss:: 
• EEppiiddeerrmmiiss 
• DDeerrmmiiss 
• HHaaiirr 
• SSkkiinn 
• NNaaiillss 
• SSwweeaatt ggllaannddss
LLaayyeerr 11:: EEppiiddeerrmmiiss 
• Epidermis – outer layer of skin 
• Upper epidermis: 
• 23-30 layers of dead flattened skin 
ex. Dust that you sweep up is mostly made of 
DEAD skin cells. 
• Contains keratin which gives skin flexibility 
Upper Epidermis
LLaayyeerr 11:: EEppiiddeerrmmiiss 
• Lower epidermis: living cells to 
replace upper epidermis 
• Contain Melanin 
• Every 28 days you have new skin! 
Lower Epidermis
MMeellaanniinn 
 M elanin: compounds 
of pigment (dye) 
that colors and 
protects the skin 
from sun damage. 
 Vitilligo: White 
appears due to 
loss of pigment 
 Winnie Brown 
ANTM.
MMeellaanniinn 
• Melanin blocks UV light 
• People who have large 
amounts of melanin (darker 
skin) are less likely to 
get skin cancer 
• People who have low amounts 
of melanin (lighter skin) 
are likely to produce more 
Vitamin D
MMaakkiinngg AArrttiiffiicciiaall 
SSkkiinn 
• MMoorree tthhaann 22 mmiilllliioonn AAmmeerriiccaannss 
ssuuffffeerr bbuurrnn iinnjjuurriieess eevveerryy yyeeaarr.. 
• BBeesstt wwaayy ttoo pprrootteecctt bbaaddllyy bbuurrnneedd 
ttiissssuuee iiss ttoo ccoovveerr iitt wwiitthh aa 
llaayyeerr ooff ffrreesshh sskkiinn.. FFiixxeedd wwiitthh 
sskkiinn ggrraaffttss,, ffoorr llaarrggeerr bbuurrnnss uussee 
aarrttiiffiicciiaall sskkiinn.. 
• MMaaddee ooff bbiiooddeeggrraaddeeaabbllee mmeesshh ooff 
pprrootteeiinn ffiibbeerrss.. CCaann ttaakkee 33 wweeeekkss 
ttoo ddeevveelloopp..
LLaayyeerr 22:: DDeerrmmiiss 
• Dermis – Contains organs like blood vessels, 
nerve endings, hair follicles and oil and 
sweat glands. 
• Thicker than epidermis (Ex. Thicker on your 
feet) 
• Oil Glands: prevents hair from drying out 
and keeps skin soft. 
Dermis
LLaayyeerr 22:: IInnnneerr ddeerrmmiiss 
• Sweat glands – produce and release sweat to 
help cool you down. 
• Fun Fact: Average human produces 900 
millimeters of sweat a day. Is that a lot? 
What would change this average? 
• Hair follicles: narrow cavities out of which 
hair grows 
Sweat Gland
LLaayyeerr 22:: DDeerrmmiiss 
• Nerve tissue –sense stimuli (like 
touch) to give you information about 
your environment. 
Nerve ending
AA uusseelleessss MMuussccllee?? 
• Erector Pili: its a smooth muscle 
that causes hairs to stand up. 
(goosebumps) 
• In animals it acts as a layer of 
insulation because oxygen becomes 
trapped in the raised hairs, 
insulating body heat. Animals 
also trigger it to have hair 
stand up to look bigger and mean. 
• What about humans? We dont have 
enough hair for it to work as an 
animal.
LLaayyeerr 33:: HHyyppooddeerrmmiiss 
• Subcutaneous Layer: bottom layer 
of skin. Contains Fat (adipose 
cells)
TThhiinnkk--PPaaiirr--SShhaarree 
• Thinking about the different 
parts and functions of the 
nervous system, how might the 
integumentary system maintain 
homeostasis? 
• Jot your answer in the think-pair- 
share box then when 
instructed talk to a neighbor 
about your answer
IInntteegguummeennttaarryy 
SSyysstteemm 
The skin maintains homeostasis by: 
1. Controlling body temperature 
2. Protection of organs 
3. Producing Vitamin D 
4. Sensing different stimuli
CCoonnttrroolllliinngg BBooddyy 
TTeemmppeerraattuurree 
• OOuurr sskkiinn hheellppss uuss 
rreegguullaattee bbooddyy 
tteemmppeerraattuurree bbyy 
• BBlloooodd vveesssseell ssiizzee 
• SSwweeaattiinngg
PPrrootteeccttiioonn 
• Our skin 
protects by 
providing a 
nonspecific 
(blocks 
everything) 
physical 
shield 
between our 
internal 
organs and the 
world.
VViittaammiinn DD 
• When our skin is 
exposed to 
sunlight, it 
produces Vitamin 
D 
• Vitamin D helps 
our blood absorb 
more calcium 
(stronger bones)
SSeennssoorryy PPeerrcceeppttiioonn 
• OOuurr bbooddiieess aallssoo ccoonnttaaiinn 
sseennssoorryy rreecceeppttoorrss tthhaatt 
aallllooww uuss ttoo ffeeeell 
• AAlllloowwss uuss ttoo mmoovvee 
aawwaayy ffrroomm ppootteennttiiaallllyy 
ddaammaaggiinngg tthhiinnggss ssuucchh 
aass aa ffiirree oorr aa sshhaarrpp 
oobbjjeecctt..
TThhiinnkk--PPaaiirr--SShhaarree 
• What are the benefits and risks of 
having large amounts of melanin in 
your skin?
HHaaiirr 
• MMaaddee ooff KKeerraattiinn 
• HHaaiirr oonn hheeaadd:: PPrrootteeccttss 
ssccaallpp ffrroomm UUVV rraayyss 
• HHaaiirr iinn nnoossee// eeyyeess:: 
pprreevveennttss ddiirrtt ffrroomm 
eenntteerriinngg bbooddyy 
• MMaaddee ffrroomm hhaaiirr 
ffoolllliicclleess ((llaarrggee 
ccoolluummnn ooff cceellllss tthhaatt 
hhaavvee ffiilllleedd wwiitthh 
kkeerraattiinn aanndd ddiieedd))
NNaaiillss 
• GGrrooww ffrroomm aarreeaa 
ooff rraappiiddllyy 
ddiivviiddiinngg cceellllss 
kknnooww aass nnaaiill 
rroooott.. 
• GGrrooww aatt aa rraattee 
ooff 33mmmm ppeerr 
mmoonntthh,, wwiitthh 
ffiinnggeerrnnaaiillss 
ggrroowwiinngg 44 ttiimmeess 
ffaasstteerr tthhaann 
ttooeennaaiillss..
TThhee MMuussccuullaarr SSyysstteemm 
4400%% ooff mmaassss ooff bbooddyy iiss mmuussccllee..
33 DDiiffffeerreenntt TTyyppeess ooff 
MMuussccllee 
• SSkkeelleettaall MMuussccllee 
• SSmmooootthh MMuussccllee 
• CCaarrddiiaacc MMuussccllee
SSkkeelleettaall MMuussccllee 
• AAttttaacchheedd ttoo BBoonnee 
• RReessppoonnssiibbllee ffoorr vvoolluunnttaarryy mmoovveemmeennttss 
((ddaanncciinngg,, wwiinnkkiinngg,, lliiffttiinngg,, eettcc)) 
• HHaavvee ssttrriippeess ((ccaalllleedd ssttrriiaattiioonnss)) aanndd 
mmaannyy nnuucclleeii
SSmmooootthh mmuussccllee 
• NNoott uunnddeerr vvoolluunnttaarryy ccoonnttrrooll 
• WWhhaatt’’ss iitt llooookk lliikkee?? SSppiinnddllee sshhaappeedd 
wwiitthh oonnee nnuucclleeuuss 
• WWhheerree iiss iitt?? WWaallllss ooff hhoollllooww 
ssttrruuccttuurreess lliikkee ssttoommaacchh,, bblloooodd vveesssseellss 
aanndd iinntteessttiinneess
CCaarrddiiaacc MMuussccllee 
• WWhheerree iiss iitt?? TThhee HHeeaarrtt!! OOnnllyy tthhee 
hheeaarrtt!! 
• WWhhaatt’’ss iitt llooookk lliikkee?? HHaass ssttrriiaattiioonnss 
bbuutt oonnllyy oonnee nnuucclleeuuss
CCoolllleeggee LLeevveell 
HHooww ddoo mm uusscclleess ccoonnttrraacctt?? 
- IInnssiiddee mmuussccllee ffiibbeerrss iiss 
tthhiicckk pprrootteeiinn ccaalllleedd 
mmyyoossiinn aanndd tthhiinn pprrootteeiinn 
ccaalllleedd aaccttiinn.. 
- AA mmuussccllee ccoonnttrraacctt wwhheenn 
tthhee tthhiinn ffiillaammeennttss iinn 
tthhee mmuussccllee sslliiddee oovveerr 
tthhee tthhiicckk ffiillaammeennttss 
((aaccttiinn oovveerr mmyyoossiinn)).. 
FFoorrccee ooff mmoovveemmeenntt iiss 
ddoonnee bbyy AATTPP..

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Integumentary system

  • 1. DDoo NNooww • How many bones are in your body? • What is the periosteum? • What is the compact bone? • What is spongy bone? • What bone cell makes new bones? • What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton? • What does the pivot joint do?
  • 3. OObbjjeeccttiivveess • I will be able to describe the role the integumentary system plays in maintaining homeostasis • I will be able to compare and contrast melanin production as how it relates to skin cancer and Vitamin D production.
  • 4. The Integumentary System is your skin!
  • 5. 44 TTyyppeess ooff TTiissssuuee iinn tthhee SSkkiinn • Epithelial: covers the surface of the body • Connective: tough and flexible protein fibers • Muscle: interacts with hairs to respond to stimuli such as cold and fright • Nervous: allows us to detect external stimuli (pain, pressure, etc) ex. Hand on stove
  • 6. VViiddeeoo ttiimmee • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-IJhAWrsm0 • A song about the integumentary system? Almost as good as the cardiovascular rap.. Almost. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rz8KKPo71lY&feature=
  • 7. IInntteegguummeennttaarryy SSyysstteemm • YYoouurr sskkiinn iiss ccoommppoosseedd ooff mmaannyy ddiiffffeerreenntt llaayyeerrss aanndd ppaarrttss:: • EEppiiddeerrmmiiss • DDeerrmmiiss • HHaaiirr • SSkkiinn • NNaaiillss • SSwweeaatt ggllaannddss
  • 8. LLaayyeerr 11:: EEppiiddeerrmmiiss • Epidermis – outer layer of skin • Upper epidermis: • 23-30 layers of dead flattened skin ex. Dust that you sweep up is mostly made of DEAD skin cells. • Contains keratin which gives skin flexibility Upper Epidermis
  • 9. LLaayyeerr 11:: EEppiiddeerrmmiiss • Lower epidermis: living cells to replace upper epidermis • Contain Melanin • Every 28 days you have new skin! Lower Epidermis
  • 10. MMeellaanniinn  M elanin: compounds of pigment (dye) that colors and protects the skin from sun damage.  Vitilligo: White appears due to loss of pigment  Winnie Brown ANTM.
  • 11. MMeellaanniinn • Melanin blocks UV light • People who have large amounts of melanin (darker skin) are less likely to get skin cancer • People who have low amounts of melanin (lighter skin) are likely to produce more Vitamin D
  • 12. MMaakkiinngg AArrttiiffiicciiaall SSkkiinn • MMoorree tthhaann 22 mmiilllliioonn AAmmeerriiccaannss ssuuffffeerr bbuurrnn iinnjjuurriieess eevveerryy yyeeaarr.. • BBeesstt wwaayy ttoo pprrootteecctt bbaaddllyy bbuurrnneedd ttiissssuuee iiss ttoo ccoovveerr iitt wwiitthh aa llaayyeerr ooff ffrreesshh sskkiinn.. FFiixxeedd wwiitthh sskkiinn ggrraaffttss,, ffoorr llaarrggeerr bbuurrnnss uussee aarrttiiffiicciiaall sskkiinn.. • MMaaddee ooff bbiiooddeeggrraaddeeaabbllee mmeesshh ooff pprrootteeiinn ffiibbeerrss.. CCaann ttaakkee 33 wweeeekkss ttoo ddeevveelloopp..
  • 13. LLaayyeerr 22:: DDeerrmmiiss • Dermis – Contains organs like blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles and oil and sweat glands. • Thicker than epidermis (Ex. Thicker on your feet) • Oil Glands: prevents hair from drying out and keeps skin soft. Dermis
  • 14. LLaayyeerr 22:: IInnnneerr ddeerrmmiiss • Sweat glands – produce and release sweat to help cool you down. • Fun Fact: Average human produces 900 millimeters of sweat a day. Is that a lot? What would change this average? • Hair follicles: narrow cavities out of which hair grows Sweat Gland
  • 15. LLaayyeerr 22:: DDeerrmmiiss • Nerve tissue –sense stimuli (like touch) to give you information about your environment. Nerve ending
  • 16. AA uusseelleessss MMuussccllee?? • Erector Pili: its a smooth muscle that causes hairs to stand up. (goosebumps) • In animals it acts as a layer of insulation because oxygen becomes trapped in the raised hairs, insulating body heat. Animals also trigger it to have hair stand up to look bigger and mean. • What about humans? We dont have enough hair for it to work as an animal.
  • 17. LLaayyeerr 33:: HHyyppooddeerrmmiiss • Subcutaneous Layer: bottom layer of skin. Contains Fat (adipose cells)
  • 18. TThhiinnkk--PPaaiirr--SShhaarree • Thinking about the different parts and functions of the nervous system, how might the integumentary system maintain homeostasis? • Jot your answer in the think-pair- share box then when instructed talk to a neighbor about your answer
  • 19. IInntteegguummeennttaarryy SSyysstteemm The skin maintains homeostasis by: 1. Controlling body temperature 2. Protection of organs 3. Producing Vitamin D 4. Sensing different stimuli
  • 20. CCoonnttrroolllliinngg BBooddyy TTeemmppeerraattuurree • OOuurr sskkiinn hheellppss uuss rreegguullaattee bbooddyy tteemmppeerraattuurree bbyy • BBlloooodd vveesssseell ssiizzee • SSwweeaattiinngg
  • 21. PPrrootteeccttiioonn • Our skin protects by providing a nonspecific (blocks everything) physical shield between our internal organs and the world.
  • 22. VViittaammiinn DD • When our skin is exposed to sunlight, it produces Vitamin D • Vitamin D helps our blood absorb more calcium (stronger bones)
  • 23. SSeennssoorryy PPeerrcceeppttiioonn • OOuurr bbooddiieess aallssoo ccoonnttaaiinn sseennssoorryy rreecceeppttoorrss tthhaatt aallllooww uuss ttoo ffeeeell • AAlllloowwss uuss ttoo mmoovvee aawwaayy ffrroomm ppootteennttiiaallllyy ddaammaaggiinngg tthhiinnggss ssuucchh aass aa ffiirree oorr aa sshhaarrpp oobbjjeecctt..
  • 24. TThhiinnkk--PPaaiirr--SShhaarree • What are the benefits and risks of having large amounts of melanin in your skin?
  • 25. HHaaiirr • MMaaddee ooff KKeerraattiinn • HHaaiirr oonn hheeaadd:: PPrrootteeccttss ssccaallpp ffrroomm UUVV rraayyss • HHaaiirr iinn nnoossee// eeyyeess:: pprreevveennttss ddiirrtt ffrroomm eenntteerriinngg bbooddyy • MMaaddee ffrroomm hhaaiirr ffoolllliicclleess ((llaarrggee ccoolluummnn ooff cceellllss tthhaatt hhaavvee ffiilllleedd wwiitthh kkeerraattiinn aanndd ddiieedd))
  • 26. NNaaiillss • GGrrooww ffrroomm aarreeaa ooff rraappiiddllyy ddiivviiddiinngg cceellllss kknnooww aass nnaaiill rroooott.. • GGrrooww aatt aa rraattee ooff 33mmmm ppeerr mmoonntthh,, wwiitthh ffiinnggeerrnnaaiillss ggrroowwiinngg 44 ttiimmeess ffaasstteerr tthhaann ttooeennaaiillss..
  • 27. TThhee MMuussccuullaarr SSyysstteemm 4400%% ooff mmaassss ooff bbooddyy iiss mmuussccllee..
  • 28. 33 DDiiffffeerreenntt TTyyppeess ooff MMuussccllee • SSkkeelleettaall MMuussccllee • SSmmooootthh MMuussccllee • CCaarrddiiaacc MMuussccllee
  • 29. SSkkeelleettaall MMuussccllee • AAttttaacchheedd ttoo BBoonnee • RReessppoonnssiibbllee ffoorr vvoolluunnttaarryy mmoovveemmeennttss ((ddaanncciinngg,, wwiinnkkiinngg,, lliiffttiinngg,, eettcc)) • HHaavvee ssttrriippeess ((ccaalllleedd ssttrriiaattiioonnss)) aanndd mmaannyy nnuucclleeii
  • 30. SSmmooootthh mmuussccllee • NNoott uunnddeerr vvoolluunnttaarryy ccoonnttrrooll • WWhhaatt’’ss iitt llooookk lliikkee?? SSppiinnddllee sshhaappeedd wwiitthh oonnee nnuucclleeuuss • WWhheerree iiss iitt?? WWaallllss ooff hhoollllooww ssttrruuccttuurreess lliikkee ssttoommaacchh,, bblloooodd vveesssseellss aanndd iinntteessttiinneess
  • 31. CCaarrddiiaacc MMuussccllee • WWhheerree iiss iitt?? TThhee HHeeaarrtt!! OOnnllyy tthhee hheeaarrtt!! • WWhhaatt’’ss iitt llooookk lliikkee?? HHaass ssttrriiaattiioonnss bbuutt oonnllyy oonnee nnuucclleeuuss
  • 32. CCoolllleeggee LLeevveell HHooww ddoo mm uusscclleess ccoonnttrraacctt?? - IInnssiiddee mmuussccllee ffiibbeerrss iiss tthhiicckk pprrootteeiinn ccaalllleedd mmyyoossiinn aanndd tthhiinn pprrootteeiinn ccaalllleedd aaccttiinn.. - AA mmuussccllee ccoonnttrraacctt wwhheenn tthhee tthhiinn ffiillaammeennttss iinn tthhee mmuussccllee sslliiddee oovveerr tthhee tthhiicckk ffiillaammeennttss ((aaccttiinn oovveerr mmyyoossiinn)).. FFoorrccee ooff mmoovveemmeenntt iiss ddoonnee bbyy AATTPP..

Editor's Notes

  1. Largest organ in the body! Accounts for 16% of a person’s body weight
  2. No blood vessels here which is why if you get a small scratch- you don’t bleed.
  3. Vi
  4. Oil glands also prohibit bacteria growth. In the diagram it is called the sebaceous gland (extra credit). To save heat. Blood vessels narrow. On hot days, blood vessels get bigger to increase heat loss.
  5. Heat from skin causes evaporation.
  6. Lets say you were running- ahhh you fell. What happens now? 1. you scream 2. you bleed (blood flows to wound until clot forms) why do we want a clot? 3. form a scab. Scab is a barrier between bacteria and tissues 4. New skin cells divide and that damaged tissue is replaced with new skin cells.
  7. Produces Vitamin D when exposed to light. Helps the blood to absorb calcium.
  8. Sends signals to the brain. Brain says woah, that’s hot, cold, or someone hit me. Functions as a sense organ.