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This document summarizes acute complications of diabetes, including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS), and hypoglycemia. It notes that DKA and HHS are caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency with excess counterregulatory hormones, and presents symptoms like polyuria, nausea, and altered mental status. The document contrasts DKA and HHS, noting DKA primarily affects type 1 diabetics and is characterized by ketosis, while HHS usually affects elderly type 2 diabetics and presents without ketosis. Management of both involves fluid replacement and treatment of the underlying causes.
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![DKA and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar
state[HHS]are acute, severe disorders directly
related to diabetes.
DKA was formerly considered a hallmark of type 1
DM, but also occurs in individuals with type 2
HHS is primarily seen in individuals with type 2 DM.
Both disorders are associated with absolute or
relative insulin deficiency, with or without excess
counter regulatory hormones (glucagon and
cortisol) , volume depletion, and acid-base
abnormalities.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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留信认证全称全国留学生信息服务网认证,隶属于北京中科院。①留信认证门槛条件更低,费用更美丽,并且包过,完单周期短,效率高②留信认证虽然不能去国企,但是一般的公司都没有问题,因为国内很多公司连基本的留学生学历认证都不了解。这对于留学生来说,这就比自己光拿一个证书更有说服力,因为留学学历可以在留信网站上进行查询!
B.为什么我们提供的毕业证成绩单具有使用价值？
查询留服认证是国内鉴别留学生海外学历的唯一途径，但认证只是个体行为，不是所有留学生都操作，所以没有办理认证的留学生的学历在国内也是查询不到的，他们也仅仅只有一张文凭。所以这时候我们提供的和学校颁发的一模一样的毕业证成绩单，就有了使用价值。
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国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理流程：
1客户提供办理鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证假文凭信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
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3鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
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NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPT
Prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, VICE PRINCIPAL, FNCON, SPN.
Emphysema is a disease condition of respiratory system.
Emphysema is an abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis.
Emphysema of lung is defined as hyper inflation of the lung ais spaces due to obstruction of non respiratory bronchioles as due to loss of elasticity of alveoli.
It is a type of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease.
It is a progressive disease of lungs.
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Professional Secrecy: Forensic Medicine Lecture
Professional Secrecy: Forensic Medicine Lecture , Medical jurisprudence
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDREN.pdf
Here are some key objectives of communication with children:
Build Trust and Security:
Establish a safe and supportive environment where children feel comfortable expressing themselves.
Encourage Expression:
Enable children to articulate their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Promote Emotional Understanding:
Help children identify and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others.
Enhance Listening Skills:
Develop children’s ability to listen attentively and respond appropriately.
Foster Positive Relationships:
Strengthen the bond between children and caregivers, peers, and other adults.
Support Learning and Development:
Aid cognitive and language development through engaging and meaningful conversations.
Teach Social Skills:
Encourage polite, respectful, and empathetic interactions with others.
Resolve Conflicts:
Provide tools and guidance for children to handle disagreements constructively.
Encourage Independence:
Support children in making decisions and solving problems on their own.
Provide Reassurance and Comfort:
Offer comfort and understanding during times of distress or uncertainty.
Reinforce Positive Behavior:
Acknowledge and encourage positive actions and behaviors.
Guide and Educate:
Offer clear instructions and explanations to help children understand expectations and learn new concepts.
By focusing on these objectives, communication with children can be both effective and nurturing, supporting their overall growth and well-being.
Get Covid Testing at Fit to Fly PCR Test
A Fit-to-Fly PCR Test is a crucial service for travelers needing to meet the entry requirements of various countries or airlines. This test involves a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19, which is considered the gold standard for detecting active infections. At our travel clinic in Leeds, we offer fast and reliable Fit to Fly PCR testing, providing you with an official certificate verifying your negative COVID-19 status. Our process is designed for convenience and accuracy, with quick turnaround times to ensure you receive your results and certificate in time for your departure. Trust our professional and experienced medical team to help you travel safely and compliantly, giving you peace of mind for your journey.
FACIAL NERVE
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
Top Rated Massage Center In Ajman Chandrima Spa
The best massage spa Ajman is Chandrima Spa Ajman, which was founded in 2023 and is exclusively for men 24 hours a day. As of right now, our parent firm has been providing massage services to over 50,000+ clients in Ajman for the past 10 years. It has about 8+ branches. This demonstrates that Chandrima Spa Ajman is among the most reasonably priced spas in Ajman and the ideal place to unwind and rejuvenate. We provide a wide range of Spa massage treatments, including Indian, Pakistani, Kerala, Malayali, and body-to-body massages. Numerous massage techniques are available, including deep tissue, Swedish, Thai, Russian, and hot stone massages. Our massage therapists produce genuinely unique treatments that generate a revitalized sense of inner serenely by fusing modern techniques, the cleanest natural substances, and traditional holistic therapists.
Pneumothorax and role of Physiotherapy in it.
This particular slides consist of- what is Pneumothorax,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is a summary of Pneumothorax:
Pneumothorax, also known as a collapsed lung, is a condition that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall. This air buildup puts pressure on the lung, preventing it from expanding fully when you breathe. A pneumothorax can cause a complete or partial collapse of the lung.
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
National Rural Health Mission(NRHM).pptx
This document describes the NRHM Scheme, its goals, objectives, components, and new initiatives.
Bath patient Fundamental of Nursing.pptx
This is presentation about how to bath a patient.
It is a fundamental of nursing.
PrudentRx: A Resource for Patient Education and Engagement
PrudentRx enhances healthcare by educating patients and ensuring effective medication management in a complex, evolving landscape.
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Integrated Dr Pagawat.pptx
- 1. Let us learn: Acute complications of Diabetes : Diabetic keto -acidosis Hyperosmolar Coma (HHS) Hypoglycemia
- 2. DKA and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state[HHS]are acute, severe disorders directly related to diabetes. DKA was formerly considered a hallmark of type 1 DM, but also occurs in individuals with type 2 HHS is primarily seen in individuals with type 2 DM. Both disorders are associated with absolute or relative insulin deficiency, with or without excess counter regulatory hormones (glucagon and cortisol) , volume depletion, and acid-base abnormalities.
- 3. Manifestations of Diabetic Keto acidosis
- 5. • Polyuria • Polydipsia • Nausea and vomiting • Abdominal Pain • Breathing difficulty Symptoms
- 6. Signs Dehydration Hyperventilation ( Kussmal Breathing) Ketotic breath Tachycardia and hypotension Disturbed conscious state and shock Alteration of consciousness correlate better with elevated serum osmolality (>320 mOsm/L) than with severity of metabolic acidosis
- 7. DKA/HHS
- 8. Management
- 10. HYPERGLYCEMIC HYPEROSMOLAR STATE Typical patient with HHS is an elderly individual with type 2 DM, with a several-week history of polyuria, weight loss, and diminished oral intake that culminates in mental confusion, lethargy, or coma.
- 11. How is it different from DKA Relative insulin deficiency and inadequate fluid intake are the underlying causes of HHS. The absence of ketosis in HHS is presumably due to the insulin deficiency being only relative and less severe than in DKA. Lower levels of counterregulatory hormones and free fatty acids It is also possible that the liver is less capable of ketone body synthesis or that the insulin/glucagon ratio does not favour ketogenesis.
- 13. Fluid replacement should initially stabilize the hemodynamic status of the patient (1–3 L of 0.9% normal saline over the first 2–3 h). Even upto 9 litres may be needed. If the serum sodium is >150 mmol/L (150 meq/L), 0.45% saline should be used Even hypotonic solutions like D5% with water is used in case with severe hyperosmolarity which prevents use of normal saline or even half normal saline. Management