This chapter introduces SAP ERP and discusses its architecture, business benefits, and key components. It describes enterprise systems as having either a client-server or service-oriented architecture. ERP systems integrate business processes across functional areas like finance and supply chain management. The chapter outlines the different types of data in SAP ERP, including organizational data to represent a company's structure, master data for entities like customers and materials, and transactional data from business documents and processes. It also explains reporting options in SAP ERP and how the system supports online transaction processing and online analytical processing.
Báo cáo Kinh tế Lượng - CÁC YẾU TỐ TÁC ĐỘNG ĐẾN HÀNH VI MUA SẮM ONLINE – KHẢO...Nguyen Vu Quang
Hiện nay, ngành công nghệ 4.0 phát triển cùng với sự ra đời của các thiết bị công nghệ, điện thoại thông minh, máy tính,… mang đến nhiều lợi ích, sự tiện lợi, ngành thương mại điện tử cũng ra đời từ đó. Hòa nhịp với xu thế phát triển, các nước trên thế giới nói chung và Việt Nam nói riêng, ngành thương mại điện tử hiện nay đang phát triển mạnh mẽ do nhu cầu mua sắm online của người dân không ngừng tăng lên, các sàn thương mại điện tử lớn không ngừng xuất hiện và lớn mạnh tại Việt Nam như Shopee, Lazada, Tiki, Sendo,… Theo báo cáo của Reputa từ các số liệu thu thập được, tại thời điểm tháng 12 năm 2020, Top 4 dẫn đầu thị phần sàn thương mại điện tử hiện nay (Shopee, Tiki, Lazada, Sendo) đều hoạt động sôi nổi nhất tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh – xấp xỉ khoảng 50% hoạt động kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp (cụ thể: Shopee: 43,91%, Tiki: 53,82%, Lazada (53,82%, Sendo: 49,40%). Báo cáo này đã thực hiện nghiên cứu các yếu tố quyết định đến hành vi mua sắm của người tiêu dùng – cụ thể tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh và có những thảo luận cũng như đề xuất đóng góp cho ngành thương mại điện tử tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.
Big Data in Industry
Many believe that Big Data is a new asset which will help companies catapult others to become the best in class.
What is it about Big Data that is so appealing across industries? Simply, data is intertwined into every sector and function in the global economy and much of modern economic activity would not be able to take place without data.
Big Data relates to large meres of data which can be brought together and then analyzed to inform decision making and discern patterns. The insights which Big Data brings, will become the basis of competition and growth for companies worldwide through further enhancing productivity as well as generating significant value for the global economy by increasing the quality of goods and services.
Previous trends in IT investment and innovation such as cloud adoption and the impact of this on competitiveness and productivity can be mirrored by Big Data which serves as a crucial way for large companies to outperform their competition. Across industries, time-honored competitors and new entrants to the market will use data-driven strategies to compete, innovate and seize value. The knowledge that big data brings informs the creation of new services and the design of future products. In fact, some companies are using Big Data to conduct controlled experiments to inform better management decisions.
http://www.extentia.com/service/big-data
www.extentia.com/contact-us
Báo cáo Kinh tế Lượng - CÁC YẾU TỐ TÁC ĐỘNG ĐẾN HÀNH VI MUA SẮM ONLINE – KHẢO...Nguyen Vu Quang
Hiện nay, ngành công nghệ 4.0 phát triển cùng với sự ra đời của các thiết bị công nghệ, điện thoại thông minh, máy tính,… mang đến nhiều lợi ích, sự tiện lợi, ngành thương mại điện tử cũng ra đời từ đó. Hòa nhịp với xu thế phát triển, các nước trên thế giới nói chung và Việt Nam nói riêng, ngành thương mại điện tử hiện nay đang phát triển mạnh mẽ do nhu cầu mua sắm online của người dân không ngừng tăng lên, các sàn thương mại điện tử lớn không ngừng xuất hiện và lớn mạnh tại Việt Nam như Shopee, Lazada, Tiki, Sendo,… Theo báo cáo của Reputa từ các số liệu thu thập được, tại thời điểm tháng 12 năm 2020, Top 4 dẫn đầu thị phần sàn thương mại điện tử hiện nay (Shopee, Tiki, Lazada, Sendo) đều hoạt động sôi nổi nhất tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh – xấp xỉ khoảng 50% hoạt động kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp (cụ thể: Shopee: 43,91%, Tiki: 53,82%, Lazada (53,82%, Sendo: 49,40%). Báo cáo này đã thực hiện nghiên cứu các yếu tố quyết định đến hành vi mua sắm của người tiêu dùng – cụ thể tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh và có những thảo luận cũng như đề xuất đóng góp cho ngành thương mại điện tử tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.
Big Data in Industry
Many believe that Big Data is a new asset which will help companies catapult others to become the best in class.
What is it about Big Data that is so appealing across industries? Simply, data is intertwined into every sector and function in the global economy and much of modern economic activity would not be able to take place without data.
Big Data relates to large meres of data which can be brought together and then analyzed to inform decision making and discern patterns. The insights which Big Data brings, will become the basis of competition and growth for companies worldwide through further enhancing productivity as well as generating significant value for the global economy by increasing the quality of goods and services.
Previous trends in IT investment and innovation such as cloud adoption and the impact of this on competitiveness and productivity can be mirrored by Big Data which serves as a crucial way for large companies to outperform their competition. Across industries, time-honored competitors and new entrants to the market will use data-driven strategies to compete, innovate and seize value. The knowledge that big data brings informs the creation of new services and the design of future products. In fact, some companies are using Big Data to conduct controlled experiments to inform better management decisions.
http://www.extentia.com/service/big-data
www.extentia.com/contact-us
Marketing 4.0 - Philip Kotler (bản Tiếng Việt)Tú Cao
Một tài liệu vô cùng hay để so sánh giữa Marketing 1.0, 2.0 và 3.0 và nay là 4.0
Tìm hiểu thêm tại: https://sudo.vn - https://nguyencaotu.com
Link hỗ trợ: https://chanhtuoi.com - http://mobilecity.vn - https://thanhtrungmobie.com - https://thanhtrungmobile.vn - https://happymobile.vn - http://fonecare.com.vn - www.sudo.edu.vn
How to use brand analytics to lead a business review on your Brand
You owe your brand a deep-dive business review at least once a year. It should be the start of your brand planning process. Otherwise, you are being negligent to your brand and will operate on the surface level, missing what’s going on beneath the surface. To go deep, you need to look at everything–including the category, consumers, channels, competitors and then your own brand.
MARK 695A Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) Case Studymarhenbun
A case presented in Summer 2009 on the subject of Integrated Marketing Communications. An IMC campaign is developed for Subaru Canada's 2009 season with a target number of purchases of 1500 Subaru vehicles by the end of the year.
Chiến lược kinh doanh chuỗi siêu thị Vinmart - hayYenPhuong16
Chiến lược kinh doanh chuôi siêu thị vinmart, Hệ thống siêu thị VinMart, VinGroup, Thương hiệu Vinmart, Hoạt động Marketing, Phân tích môi trường kinh doanh Chiến lược xây dựng hệ thống siêu thị bán lẻ Vinmart, Tập đoàn Vingroup
ChChương 2_Thiết kế website thương mại điện tử_ThS Lê Thị Bích HoàHoa Le
Chương 2_Thiết kế website thương mại điện tử
1. Thiết kế website
2. Tại sao phải thiết kế website?
3. Lợi ích
4. Những phương thức chính để thiết kế Web
5. Cấu trúc thiết kế Website thương mại điện tử
6. Ưu và nhược điểm của thiết kế website thương mại điện tử
7. Quy trình thiết kế website thương mại điện tử
8. Chức năng của thiết kế website thương mại điện tử
9. Quy trình mua sắm trên web
Phân tích sự ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố thuộc môi trường marketing vĩ mô đến ho...TrangTuxn
Phân tích sự ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố thuộc môi trường marketing vĩ mô đến hoạt động marketing của 1 doanh nghiệp thực tế (Analyze the influence of factors of the macro marketing environment on the marketing activities of an actual business)
Tổ chức thực hiện kế hoạch Marketing
TỔ CHỨC THỰC HIỆN VÀ KIỂM SOÁT MARKETING
Hình thức Phổ Biến
Trực thuộc nhà quản trị marketing
Phân công phụ trách theo từng chức năng thuộc lĩnh vực: hành chính, quảng cáo, khuyến mại, tiêu thụ, nghiên cứu
Marketing 4.0 - Philip Kotler (bản Tiếng Việt)Tú Cao
Một tài liệu vô cùng hay để so sánh giữa Marketing 1.0, 2.0 và 3.0 và nay là 4.0
Tìm hiểu thêm tại: https://sudo.vn - https://nguyencaotu.com
Link hỗ trợ: https://chanhtuoi.com - http://mobilecity.vn - https://thanhtrungmobie.com - https://thanhtrungmobile.vn - https://happymobile.vn - http://fonecare.com.vn - www.sudo.edu.vn
How to use brand analytics to lead a business review on your Brand
You owe your brand a deep-dive business review at least once a year. It should be the start of your brand planning process. Otherwise, you are being negligent to your brand and will operate on the surface level, missing what’s going on beneath the surface. To go deep, you need to look at everything–including the category, consumers, channels, competitors and then your own brand.
MARK 695A Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) Case Studymarhenbun
A case presented in Summer 2009 on the subject of Integrated Marketing Communications. An IMC campaign is developed for Subaru Canada's 2009 season with a target number of purchases of 1500 Subaru vehicles by the end of the year.
Chiến lược kinh doanh chuỗi siêu thị Vinmart - hayYenPhuong16
Chiến lược kinh doanh chuôi siêu thị vinmart, Hệ thống siêu thị VinMart, VinGroup, Thương hiệu Vinmart, Hoạt động Marketing, Phân tích môi trường kinh doanh Chiến lược xây dựng hệ thống siêu thị bán lẻ Vinmart, Tập đoàn Vingroup
ChChương 2_Thiết kế website thương mại điện tử_ThS Lê Thị Bích HoàHoa Le
Chương 2_Thiết kế website thương mại điện tử
1. Thiết kế website
2. Tại sao phải thiết kế website?
3. Lợi ích
4. Những phương thức chính để thiết kế Web
5. Cấu trúc thiết kế Website thương mại điện tử
6. Ưu và nhược điểm của thiết kế website thương mại điện tử
7. Quy trình thiết kế website thương mại điện tử
8. Chức năng của thiết kế website thương mại điện tử
9. Quy trình mua sắm trên web
Phân tích sự ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố thuộc môi trường marketing vĩ mô đến ho...TrangTuxn
Phân tích sự ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố thuộc môi trường marketing vĩ mô đến hoạt động marketing của 1 doanh nghiệp thực tế (Analyze the influence of factors of the macro marketing environment on the marketing activities of an actual business)
Tổ chức thực hiện kế hoạch Marketing
TỔ CHỨC THỰC HIỆN VÀ KIỂM SOÁT MARKETING
Hình thức Phổ Biến
Trực thuộc nhà quản trị marketing
Phân công phụ trách theo từng chức năng thuộc lĩnh vực: hành chính, quảng cáo, khuyến mại, tiêu thụ, nghiên cứu
Suppose you are the information technology (IT) manager for an IT lisandrai1k
Suppose you are the information technology (IT) manager for an IT company. You receive a report that contains a list of computer equipment stored in the company warehouse. You notice that the list also includes items that you know are not stored in the warehouse. Would you consider this list as good information? Why, or why not? Give some examples of at least three items on this list that you consider to be good information and at least three items on this list that would not be good information. Explain your reasoning, and include a discussion about why good information is important in management information systems (MIS).
Your journal entry must be at least 200 words. No references or citations are necessary.
Unit I
In this unit, you have learned about management information systems (MIS) and the importance of it. For this assignment, compose a paper that discusses the key differences between data, information, information technology (IT), and information systems (IS). Your paper should address the components listed below.
Define what is meant by information.
Define what is meant by data.
Create two matrices (one for data and one for information) that illustrate the key differences between information and data, place the matrices into your paper, and briefly discuss the differences in one or two paragraphs. Each matrix should contain characteristics and/or facts about the subjects (data and information) that show how they are different. Define IT.
Define IS.
Using the five-component model as an example, discuss some differences between IT and IS.
If you are using Microsoft Word, you can develop a matrix using this program. For an example of how to create a matrix using Microsoft Word, see the Microsoft.com explanation by clicking the link below.
Microsoft. (n.d.). Create a matrix. Retrieved from https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Create-a-matrix-0E74423D-2E28- 4DEB-9223-A30C2312CC22
You may use another computer software program that you are familiar with to create the matrices. However, you must submit your assignment in a Microsoft Word document, and the matrices should be included in the body of your paper.
Your paper must be a minimum of two pages in length (not counting the title and reference pages), and you must use at least two resources as references. Any information from these resources must be cited and referenced in APA format.
Unit II Journal
Refer back to the “2027?” section on page 69 (Q1-Q7) of the textbook in uCertify, which provides an interesting discussion about the future of collaboration. After reading about the future of collaboration systems, how do you envision collaboration in your industry in the year 2027?
Describe the industry you currently work in or plan to work in along with a discussion of your vision of what collaboration will be like for your industry in the year 2027. Be sure to discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages to your vision of collaboration in 2027.
Your journal en ...
Agility by Design - Building Software to Lasteprentise
The implementation of enterprise systems brings with it great promise of better information, consistent systems, and reduced operational costs. Achieving that promise, however, is an immense challenge.
View the original Blog post: http://www.eprentise.com/blog/data-systems/agility-by-design-building-software-to-last/
Website: www.eprentise.com
Twitter: @eprentise
Google+: https://plus.google.com/u/0/+Eprentise/posts
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/eprentise
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Integrated Business Processes with ERP Systems 1st Edition Magal Solutions Manual
1. Chapter 2: Introduction to SAP ERP
Learning Objectives
After completing this chapter you will be able to::
1. Understand the evolution and key business benefits of enterprise systems
2. Understand the role of enterprise systems in supporting business processes
3. Understand the different categories of data in SAP ERP
4. Understand options for reporting
Chapter Outline and Teaching Suggestions
1. Enterprise Systems
a. Architecture of Enterprise Systems
i. Client-Server Architecture
ii. Service-Oriented Architecture
b. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems
c. Application Platforms
Explain enterprise systems in terms of their architecture, ERP systems, and application
platforms. Point out that modern ES have either a three-tier client-server architecture or a
service-oriented architecture, both of which have benefits and drawbacks. Students must
understand that the client-server architecture has three layers as well as the function of each
layer. Consider using a Web browser or SAP GUI as an aid in presenting an example. Figure 2-1
can also assist you.
Explain that service-oriented architecture provides the capability of connecting many different
client-server systems together using a Web browser and new technologies (Web services). An
example is a company that connects its system with a shipping company’s system so that it
can access shipping rates in real time.
Explain that the primary focus of an ERP system is the internal operations of a company; for
example, human resources and sales and marketing. Figure 2-2 can be useful in explaining the
ERP intra-company processes and the integration of functional and cross-functional business
processes.
Figure 2-3 is useful in explaining SAP module names and abbreviations and the capabilities
that each one provides.
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2. Briefly explain the enterprise systems application suite, which is based on inter-company
processes. The key point is that the data and processes are integrated among the systems in
the application suite. Figure 2-4 can aid you.
Point out that the application platform is an enterprise operating system that allows a
company to integrate its various systems so that the entire enterprise can function more
efficiently. .
SAP’s application platform is NetWeaver. Mention that companies use SOA to integrate SAP
systems with non-SAP systems. In addition, SOA enables companies to build new composite
applications and to plug in independent software vendor (ISV) applications on top of their ERP
and suite applications. An example is a firm whose SAP enterprise system is integrated with an
independent vendor’s procurement system. Consider searching the Internet for a vendor to
use as an example. Point out that the SAP Business Suite is executed on SAP NetWeaver.
Figure 2-5 will assist you in explaining NetWeaver.
2. Data In An Enterprise System
a. Organizational Data
i. Client and Company Code
ii. Plant
b. Master Data
i. Material Master
ii. Material Types
iii. Material Groups
iv. Organizational Level
c. Transaction Data
Emphasize that the central component of the enterprise system is the database. It is
important for students to understand how data are organized in SAP. Process steps such
as hiring an employee and selling a product to a customer are based on data types such as
organizational, master, and transaction.
Explain that organizational data are used to represent the structure of the enterprise, such
as a bank or a warehouse. Figure 2-6 will assist you in explaining organizational data.
A key point is that the terms organizational data, organizational levels, and organizational
elements are used interchangeably, depending on the context.
The client is the highest organizational level. If the client is headquartered in the United
States and has subsidiaries in other countries, then each subsidiary is represented at the
company code level and has a separate legal entity and central organizational elements in
3. financial accounting. Figure 2-7 will assist you in explaining the organizational data for
GBI.
Explain that a plant is a facility that provides value (multiple functions) such as a hospital,
an office, and a university. Make students aware of the rules that govern the relationship
between company codes and plants.
Explain that master data represent entities associated with the various processes.
Examples of master data are customers, vendors, materials, and employees.
Explain that master data are shared by various processes such as fulfillment, procurement,
and production. Each process requires data about the material that may or may not be
needed by other processes. Emphasize that different views of the material master are
provided for the different processes. Figure 2-8 will assist you in explaining the material
master data views.
Explain material types and how they influence the type of data or view needed for a
material. Explain that the material type determines which business processes are
permitted to use the material. If possible, demonstrate the screens that appear in the
material master record. Point out and describe the material types listed in Chapter 2, and
mention that these types are a subset of the total number of material types provided by
SAP. Figure 2-9 will assist you in explaining the GBI product structure. Use Demo 4.1:
Review material types.
Explain material groups and how they are used.
Explain that materials can be defined differently for different organizational levels. Use
Demo 4.2: Review material master data.
Explain transaction data, and provide examples such as payment and prices. Point out that
transaction data are recorded in documents, which consist of a header and line items.
Figures 2-10 and 2-11 will assist you in explaining transaction data. Use Demo 4.3: Review
a purchase order.
3. Reporting
a. Work Lists
b. Online Lists
c. Information Systems
d. Business Intelligence
Explain the four types of reporting available with SAP. Point out that transaction and historical
data are stored in the SAP main database.
4. Explain online transaction processing (OLTP), online analytic processing (OLAP), and the
differences between them. Figure 2-12 can assist you in explaining both OLTP and OLAP. Point
out that the OLAP environment utilizes information structures, which capture and store
specified transaction data in an aggregated form. Each information structure is defined in
terms of characteristics, key figures, and period definition. Figure 2-13 will aid you in
explaining the three components of information structures.
Discuss the three broad categories (LIS, FIS, and HIS) of information systems that SAP provides.
Identify the two types of information structures — standard and user-defined — and assess
the value of each one.
Point out that SAP provides business intelligence via a separate SAP system and server. SAP
BW systems are designed and optimized to process large quantities of data and to provide
powerful analytics. Figure 2-19 will assist in providing an overview of SAP BW.
The following are valuable learning tools — Demo 2.4: Review a work list; Demo 2.5: Review
an online list; and Demo 2.6: Review ERP reports.
Review questions
1. Question:
Describe the client-server and service-oriented architectures. What are their advantages and
disadvantages?
Answer:
Client-server architecture uses three layers to provide functionality: the presentation layer,
application layer, and data layer. It uses a Web browser or a graphical user interface (GUI) to
communicate with the application layer. In desktop applications all three layers are contained
in one system. The shift to three-tier client-server architecture dramatically reduced the costs of
acquiring, implementing, and using an enterprise system while significantly increasing the
scalability of these systems. Service-oriented architecture allows multiple client server systems
to communicate via new technologies called Web services. SOA also enables companies to
create new applications quickly and inexpensively. In addition, it allows them to build composite
applications on top of their existing three-tier client-server applications without changing the
underlying applications. The disadvantage is that this arrangement exposes business processes
and data contained in an enterprise system.
2. Question:
What is an enterprise system application suite? Describe the capabilities of the individual
components of the application suite.
Answer:
The collection of inter-company systems and an underlying intra-company ERP system is called
an application suite. Suite vendors, such as SAP and Oracle, provide fairly comprehensive
collections of applications that offer an enormous amount of functionality and cover most of the
standard business processes. Supply chain management connects a company to other
5. companies that supply the materials it needs to make its products. Supply relationship
management systems typically manage the overall relationships with the suppliers. Customer
relationship management systems provide companies with capabilities to manage marketing,
sales, and customer service. Product lifecycle management systems help companies administer
the processes of research, design, and product management.
3. Question:
Briefly explain the three types of data in an enterprise system and how they are related.
Answer:
The three types of data in an enterprise system are organizational data, master data, and
transaction data. Organizational data are used to represent the structure of an enterprise.
Examples of organizational structure are companies, subsidiaries, factories, warehouses, storage
areas, and sales regions. Examples of organizational data are client, company code, and plant.
Master data represent entities associated with various processes such as selling a product to a
customer. Examples of master data are customers, vendors, and materials. Transaction data
reflect the consequences of executing process steps, or transactions. Examples of transaction
data are dates, quantities, prices, and payment and delivery terms. Transaction data are a
combination of organizational data, master data, and situational data, that is, data that are
specific to the task being executed, such as who, what, when, and where.
4. Question:
Explain the relationship between client, company code, and plant in SAP ERP. What are these
typically used to represent?
Answer:
A client is the highest organizational level in SAP ERP. It represents an enterprise consisting of
many companies or subsidiaries. Each company within the enterprise is represented by a
company code. Each company code represents a separate legal entity, and it is the central
organizational element in financial accounting. A plant is an organizational element that
performs multiple functions and is relevant to multiple processes.
5. Question:
Why is the material master one of the most complex types of data in an ERP system? Provide
some examples of data in a material master.
Answer:
The material master is one of the most complex types of data in an ERP system because it is
used by many processes and each process uses the material differently. Each process, therefore,
requires data about the material that may or may not be needed by other processes. To manage
these data, the material master groups them into different categories or views, each of which is
6. relevant to one or more processes. Some of the data that are provided in the material master
are basic data, sales data, and financial accounting data.
6. Question:
What are material types? Explain the four common material types in SAP ERP.
Answer:
Material types are categories of materials that are based on how the materials are used in the
firm’s operations. The four most common material types are raw materials, semi-finished
goods, finished goods, and trading goods. Raw materials are purchased from a vendor and used
in the production process. Semi-finished goods are typically produced in-house from other
materials and are used in the production of a finished good. Finished goods are created by the
production process from other materials, such as raw materials and semi-finished goods.
Trading goods are purchased from a vendor and resold to customers. The company does not
perform any additional processing of trading goods prior to reselling them.
7. Question:
What are material groups? How are they different from material types?
Answer:
Material groups consist of materials with similar characteristics. For example, all touring bikes
can be included in one material group. In contrast, material types group materials based on
how they are used. Examples of material types include raw materials and finished goods.
8. Question:
How are transaction data created in an ERP system?
Answer:
Transaction data are a combination of organizational data, master data and situational data. A
SAP ERP system records transaction data using several different types of documents, such as
sales orders and purchase orders.
9. Question:
Explain the document concept in SAP ERP. Explain the function of the four types of documents
in SAP ERP.
Answer:
SAP ERP records transaction data using several different types of documents. Some of these
documents are created or utilized as the process is being executed, whereas others record data
after the process has been completed. The first category is referred as transaction documents.
Documents that store data generated after the business processes have been completed include
7. financial accounting (FI) documents, management accounting or controlling (CO) documents,
and material documents. These three categories are referred to as virtual documents because
they reside in the enterprise system and are consulted or printed as needed.
10. Question:
Most documents in SAP ERP have a common structure. Explain this common document
structure.
Answer:
Documents typically consist of two sections, a header section and a detail or line item section.
The header includes data applicable to the entire document, that is, to all line items. Examples
of header data are dates and totals. A document can have one or more line items.
11. Question:
Explain the three reporting options in SAP ERP. How are these different from each other? How
are these different from the reporting options available in SAP BI?
Answer:
SAP ERP provides simple lists (online and work) of data and document and analytics via
information systems using either standard information structures or user-defined information
structures. SAP BI provides users with powerful analytic capabilities that are not available in the
OLAP environment within SAP ERP.
Exercises
Exercises for this chapter are available on the Wiley student companion website at
http://www.wiley.com/college/magal/.
Test Questions
Three types of test questions are provided – True/False, Multiple Choice (one right answer), and
multiple answer (at least two right answers). These are provided in MS word format as well as in a
format that can be imported as a test in blackboard.
The files are:
Chapter02 Test Questions True False.docx
Chapter02 Test Questions Multiple-choice.docx
8. Chapter02 Test Questions Multiple-answer.docx
Blackboard versions of these files are also provided. These versions end with the word Blackboard.
Remember that these are zipped files that should be uploaded to blackboard as they are, without
unzipping. Your blackboard administrator can help with any problems you encounter in uploading these
files to your course on blackboard.
If you include all three types of questions, the following grading suggestion is offered.
T/F questions 1 point each
Multiple -choice questions 2 points each
Multiple -answer questions 3 (or 4) points each.
All of the correct answers must be chosen in order to receive credit for Multiple-answer
questions. We suggest you do not offer partial credit.
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