This document discusses the fundamentals of automatic control as applied to HVAC systems. It describes the basic components of a control loop, including the controlled variable, sensor, controller, controlled device, and controlled agent. The two main types of control loops - open loop and closed loop - are explained. Finally, different types of control action are covered, including two-position, floating, proportional, proportional-integral, and proportional-integral-derivative control.
This is the comprehensive powerpoint for having a Properly Sized, Designed, Installed, and Commissioned Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning System.
The HVAC control system controls heating and cooling devices by adjusting temperature, air quality, and airflow. It includes thermostats that allow users to set temperature settings for heating and cooling. Thermostats can be manual or programmable, allowing temperatures to be automatically adjusted on a schedule. The HVAC control system has three divisions - the mechanical room containing equipment like boilers and chillers, weather controls that handle heating, cooling, humidity and ventilation, and room controls containing zone temperature devices and fans. Control systems can be direct-acting using sensors and regulators, or electronic using low-voltage controls for safety and easy installation.
All the technical aspects discussed will be limited to the design, application, methods for operating and control, and services of HVAC systems in the Central Utility Complex (CUC). The HVAC systems at Bahrain Airport are limited to Cooling and Air Handling Unit (AHU).
This document provides an overview of HVAC systems with two parts: components and diagnosing issues. It describes the major components: furnace, air conditioner, heat pump, ducting, thermostat, line set, electricity, gas line. Each component is then broken down into smaller specialized parts and their functions are explained, such as the burner, blower, coils, fans, valves of the furnace. The air conditioner components inside and outside the home are also detailed. Thermostats, both mercury switch and digital, are reviewed. The document aims to educate homeowners on HVAC systems and when to call a technician.
This document discusses the fundamentals of automatic control as applied to HVAC systems. It describes the basic components of a control loop, including the controlled variable, sensor, controller, controlled device, and controlled agent. The two main types of control loops - open loop and closed loop - are explained. Finally, different types of control action are covered, including two-position, floating, proportional, proportional-integral, and proportional-integral-derivative control.
This is the comprehensive powerpoint for having a Properly Sized, Designed, Installed, and Commissioned Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning System.
The HVAC control system controls heating and cooling devices by adjusting temperature, air quality, and airflow. It includes thermostats that allow users to set temperature settings for heating and cooling. Thermostats can be manual or programmable, allowing temperatures to be automatically adjusted on a schedule. The HVAC control system has three divisions - the mechanical room containing equipment like boilers and chillers, weather controls that handle heating, cooling, humidity and ventilation, and room controls containing zone temperature devices and fans. Control systems can be direct-acting using sensors and regulators, or electronic using low-voltage controls for safety and easy installation.
All the technical aspects discussed will be limited to the design, application, methods for operating and control, and services of HVAC systems in the Central Utility Complex (CUC). The HVAC systems at Bahrain Airport are limited to Cooling and Air Handling Unit (AHU).
This document provides an overview of HVAC systems with two parts: components and diagnosing issues. It describes the major components: furnace, air conditioner, heat pump, ducting, thermostat, line set, electricity, gas line. Each component is then broken down into smaller specialized parts and their functions are explained, such as the burner, blower, coils, fans, valves of the furnace. The air conditioner components inside and outside the home are also detailed. Thermostats, both mercury switch and digital, are reviewed. The document aims to educate homeowners on HVAC systems and when to call a technician.
This document discusses refrigerants used in refrigeration systems. It notes that while ice can be used as a coolant to absorb heat from food, it has limitations as it melts at 32°F. Dry ice, which is solid carbon dioxide, sublimates directly from solid to gas at -109.4°F, allowing it to keep items colder than regular ice. The document introduces modern refrigerants that can absorb heat at temperatures below freezing and transfer it efficiently in a closed system, enabling precise temperature control for applications like food storage.
Este documento apresenta informações sobre a Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, incluindo seus principais dirigentes e coordenadores. Ele também fornece detalhes sobre o plano de disciplina de um curso de Matemática Discreta, incluindo ementa, objetivos, conteúdo programático e referências.
SCADA systems are used to remotely monitor and control equipment and industrial processes. They consist of a central master computer system that collects real-time data from remote terminal units (RTUs) connected to sensors and machinery. The master system interfaces with human operators through human-machine interfaces (HMIs) that present data and status information. SCADA systems allow industrial processes to be automated and monitored remotely, improving productivity and reducing costs compared to manual operation and monitoring. They are commonly used in applications like power generation, water and sewage systems, manufacturing, and buildings.
This document provides an overview of different types of air conditioning systems, focusing on direct expansion (DX) and chilled water systems. It describes the basic components and functioning of DX systems, including split and packaged units. It also covers chilled water systems and compares air-cooled and water-cooled condenser options. Key terms related to cooling system efficiency are defined.
The document is the December 2002 HVAC Design Manual for the Department of Veterans Affairs. It provides guidance for mechanical engineers and others designing and renovating VA facilities. The manual contains requirements for HVAC systems in new hospitals, replacement hospitals, ambulatory care, clinical additions, energy centers, and outpatient clinics. It addresses general requirements, HVAC systems and equipment, and HVAC requirements for occupied and unoccupied areas.
Hvac controls operation and maintenance 3rd edition g. w. guptonronald59
This chapter provides an overview of the basic functions of HVAC systems and control systems. HVAC systems are designed to maintain comfortable temperature, humidity, and air distribution within a building. Control systems directly regulate these parameters. Temperature can be controlled by varying supply air temperature, airflow rate, or both. Humidity is controlled through dehumidification and humidification. Airflow rate is controlled through fans or dampers. Pressure is also controlled in variable air volume systems.
Fundamentals of HVAC Systems is a thorough introduction on how HVAC systems control temperature, air quality and air circulation in a conditioned space.
Ideal for recent engineering graduates working in the HVAC&R industry, experienced engineers entering HVAC&R from another engineering area, as well as architects, technicians, construction or building management professionals who need to increase their knowledge of HVAC systems.
This course reader can function as a stand-alone reference, or may accompany the eLearning course, Fundamentals of HVAC Systems, online modules.
The document contains formulas and information related to HVAC systems. It defines key terms like tons of refrigeration, horsepower, voltage, amperage, resistance, watts, capacitance, gas laws, and geometric formulas. It also includes formulas for calculating areas, volumes, BTUs, airflow, efficiency, and sizing components like ducts, grilles, burners, and nozzles.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
A BMS consultant document discusses inputs and outputs for building management systems. It describes various sensors like temperature, humidity, pressure, and flow sensors that provide inputs. It also discusses output devices like control valves, VFD speed commands, and damper actuators. The document provides details on common sensor types, proper installation of sensors, and BMS protocols.
This document discusses refrigerants used in refrigeration systems. It notes that while ice can be used as a coolant to absorb heat from food, it has limitations as it melts at 32°F. Dry ice, which is solid carbon dioxide, sublimates directly from solid to gas at -109.4°F, allowing it to keep items colder than regular ice. The document introduces modern refrigerants that can absorb heat at temperatures below freezing and transfer it efficiently in a closed system, enabling precise temperature control for applications like food storage.
Este documento apresenta informações sobre a Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, incluindo seus principais dirigentes e coordenadores. Ele também fornece detalhes sobre o plano de disciplina de um curso de Matemática Discreta, incluindo ementa, objetivos, conteúdo programático e referências.
SCADA systems are used to remotely monitor and control equipment and industrial processes. They consist of a central master computer system that collects real-time data from remote terminal units (RTUs) connected to sensors and machinery. The master system interfaces with human operators through human-machine interfaces (HMIs) that present data and status information. SCADA systems allow industrial processes to be automated and monitored remotely, improving productivity and reducing costs compared to manual operation and monitoring. They are commonly used in applications like power generation, water and sewage systems, manufacturing, and buildings.
This document provides an overview of different types of air conditioning systems, focusing on direct expansion (DX) and chilled water systems. It describes the basic components and functioning of DX systems, including split and packaged units. It also covers chilled water systems and compares air-cooled and water-cooled condenser options. Key terms related to cooling system efficiency are defined.
The document is the December 2002 HVAC Design Manual for the Department of Veterans Affairs. It provides guidance for mechanical engineers and others designing and renovating VA facilities. The manual contains requirements for HVAC systems in new hospitals, replacement hospitals, ambulatory care, clinical additions, energy centers, and outpatient clinics. It addresses general requirements, HVAC systems and equipment, and HVAC requirements for occupied and unoccupied areas.
Hvac controls operation and maintenance 3rd edition g. w. guptonronald59
This chapter provides an overview of the basic functions of HVAC systems and control systems. HVAC systems are designed to maintain comfortable temperature, humidity, and air distribution within a building. Control systems directly regulate these parameters. Temperature can be controlled by varying supply air temperature, airflow rate, or both. Humidity is controlled through dehumidification and humidification. Airflow rate is controlled through fans or dampers. Pressure is also controlled in variable air volume systems.
Fundamentals of HVAC Systems is a thorough introduction on how HVAC systems control temperature, air quality and air circulation in a conditioned space.
Ideal for recent engineering graduates working in the HVAC&R industry, experienced engineers entering HVAC&R from another engineering area, as well as architects, technicians, construction or building management professionals who need to increase their knowledge of HVAC systems.
This course reader can function as a stand-alone reference, or may accompany the eLearning course, Fundamentals of HVAC Systems, online modules.
The document contains formulas and information related to HVAC systems. It defines key terms like tons of refrigeration, horsepower, voltage, amperage, resistance, watts, capacitance, gas laws, and geometric formulas. It also includes formulas for calculating areas, volumes, BTUs, airflow, efficiency, and sizing components like ducts, grilles, burners, and nozzles.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
A BMS consultant document discusses inputs and outputs for building management systems. It describes various sensors like temperature, humidity, pressure, and flow sensors that provide inputs. It also discusses output devices like control valves, VFD speed commands, and damper actuators. The document provides details on common sensor types, proper installation of sensors, and BMS protocols.
1. Instalaț ia de aer comprimat
Instalaț ia de aer comprimat este destinată producerii, stocării ș i furnizării aerului
comprimat, incluzând aer pentru pornirea/controlul motorului diesel.
Instalaț ia cuprinde următoarele componente
- Sistemul de tubulaturi ș i al buteliilor de aer;
- Compresorul 1, în două trepte, acț ionat electric, cu apă de răcire ș i răcitor de aer,
refulând aer la o presiunde de 30bar către cele 2 butelii principale;
- Compresorul 2, în două trepte, acț ionat electric, cu apă de răcire ș i răcitor de aer,
refulând aer la o presiunde de 30bar către cele 2 butelii principale;
- Compresorul în caz de urgenț ă, refulează aerul către butelia auxiliară de aer,
destinată pentru pornirea diesel generatoarelor în timpul repunerii în funcț iune;
- Buteliile principale de aer 1 ș i 2. Buteliile sunt utilizate pentru pornirea motoarelor,
principalului si celor auxiliare (fară redactor de presiune), deasemenea pentru
controlul instalaț iei (prin intermediul reductoarelor care scad presiunea la
aproximativ 7bar), si de serviciu-prin reductorul de presiune;
- Automatizarea sistemului porneș te compresorul 1, când presiunea în buteliile
principale scade la 22 bar ș i opreș te compresorul la 30bar (din punct de vedere al
procedurii acest system nu este prevăzut ș i pentru compresorul 2);
- Pe langă buteliile principale sunt prevăzute oale pentru purjarea condensului acumulat
prin destinderea aerului comprimat în oala (prin modificarea temperaturii si a
presiunii);
Panoul de control cuprinde
- ‘’MANUAL/AUTO’’ comutatorul de control al modului compresorului 1;
- ‘’MANUAL/AUTO’’ comutatorul de control al modului compresorului 2;
- ‘’STOP-START’’ butonul de pornire sau oprire al compresorului 1;
- ‘’STOP-START’’ butonul de pornire sau oprire al compresorului 2;
- ‘’STOP-START’’ butonul de pornire sau oprire al compresorului de urgenț a;
Butonul de pornire ‘’STOP-START’’ este activ doar dacă modul de control al
compresorului este în poziț ia manual ‘’MANUAL’’. În modul auto, sistemul porneș te
automat compresorul 1, când presiunea din buteliile principale scade la 22bar ș i opreș te
compresorul la 30bar.
În modul automat, butoanele start/stop al compresoarelor nu sunt active. Ambele butelii
principale sunt prevăzute cu trei valve de reț inere fiecare, care sunt comandate de la
distanț a acț ionând butoanele ce se gasesc în panoul de control al buteliilor principale
(RECEIVER1 ș i RECEIVER 2).
2. - START AIR – valvă de reț inere pentru furnizarea aerului pentru pornirea motorului
principal si a motoarelor auxiliare fara reducere a aerului;
- CNTRL AIR – valvă de reț inere pentru furnizarea aerului sistemului de control prin
intermediul staț iei de reducere a presiunii (reductor de presiune), unde presiunea
aerului scade pana la 7bar;
- FROM COMPR. – o valvă ce face legătura între buteliile principale si compresoarele
de aer.
După compresoare, este o purjare manuală a separatorului apă/ulei către puț ul de santină
utilizând butonul ‚’SEPARATOR’’, ș i valvele de purjare a buteliilor principale 1 ș i 2,
pentru a înlătura acumularea condensului, ce sunt acț ionate de butoanele ’’RECEIV 1’’ ș i ’’
RECEIV 2’’ (meniul BLOW DOWN).
Partea superioară a casuț elor panoului de control sunt manometrele, ce indică
presiunea aerului în cele două butelii principale, AIR RECEIVER 1 ș i AER RECEIVER 2,în
butelia în caz de urgenț ă EMERGENCY RECEIVER, ș i după staț ia de reducere a
presiunii (reductorul de presiune) CONTROL AIR
.
Pregătirea instalaț iei ș i punerea în funcț iune
1. Purjarea buteliilor de aer, RECEIVER 1, RECEIVER 2.
2. Se deschide valva buteliei 1, butonul FROM COMPR.
3. Se deschide valva buteliei 2, butonul FROM COMPR.
4. Se asigură că răcirea componentelor din instalaț ia de răcire cu apă de mare este
pornită;
5. Se porneș te compresorul (butonul STOP-START pentru COMPRESSOR 1 ș i
COMPRESSOR 2 în modul manual), se umple buteliile până la 30bar;
6. Se trece controlul compresoarelor pe modul automat AUTO;
7. Se deschide valva buteliei 1 (RECEIVER 1)- butoanele ‚’START AIR’’,’’ CNTRL
AIR’’;
8. Se verifică ca în sistem nu este nici o alarmă.
3. Supravegherea instalaț iei
1. Verificarea ș i menț inerea presiunii cerespunzătoare în butelia 1;
2. În situaț ie de urgenț ă, dacă livrarea aerului comprimat este mică se deschide valva
buteliei 2 (RECEIVER 2), butoanele ’’START AIR’’,’’CNTRL AIR’’
3. Regulat se purjează buteliile RECEIV. 1, RECEIV. 2;
4. Când se porneș te compresorul, se verifică operarea valvei destinată purjării automate
a separatorului.
5. Controlul asupra staț iei de reducere a presiunii prin controlul manometrului
CONTROL AIR;
6. Se verifică că nu este nici o alarma în sistem.