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Web 2.0 and incentives for human-driven contributions Roberta Cuel  Univeristy of Trento and KIT roberta.cuel @unitn.it [email_address]
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Motivations in the Web 2.0 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2/23/11 2 2/23/11 2
Motivation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.insemtives.eu ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is motivation? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Content theories of motivation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Job characteristics approach ,[object Object],Core job dimensions Critical psychological states Personal and work outcomes Feedback Autonomy Skill variety Task identity Task significance Meaningfulness of work Responsibility for work outcomes Knowledge on results Higher internal work motivation High quality work performance High satisfaction  Low absenteeism
Process theories on motivation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Frustration Low  Performance  high Low  difficulty of a goal  imp.ble
Porter and Lawler model  Value of rewards Perceived effort -reward probability Effort Performance Abilities Organizational context Extrinsic rewards Intrinsic rewards Satisfaction  Equity perception
Types of motivations Structure Person ,[object Object],Motivations Internal (embedded in structure,  e.g., task, tools) External (additional to structure, external re-inforcements) Intrinsic (predispositioned in person, e.g., drives, needs, desires ) Fun, joy, gaming, interest, satisfaction,  self-actualization, self-re-inforcement  Social appreciation, reputation, love, trust, social capital, community support Extrinsic (additional to personal predispositions, extern re-inforcements ) Usability, sociability, Design-for-fun, curiosity, community-building support Material/financial capital, money, rewards, prices, medals, credit points
Intrinsic / Extrinsic motivations Kaufman, Schulze, Veit (Mannheim University)
Game theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mechanism design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The incentive context matrix
Motivations: another study In the case of MTurk
Design systems fostering users to provide good quality content ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A procedural ordering of methods to develop incentive compatible applications
Workshop and interviews reports ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Field experiment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A CASE STUDY
TelefĆ³nicaĀ InvestigaciĆ³n y Desarrollo (TID - Spain)
Field and domain analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Workshop and interviews report ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The TID matrix & motivations
Why mechanism design? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The prototype creation
PD workshops and HCI analysis
Lab experiment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The experiment (setting) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The lab www.insemtives.eu 36
The experiment: screenshots
2/23/11 www.insemtives.eu 38
2/23/11 www.insemtives.eu 39
2/23/11 www.insemtives.eu 40
2/23/11 www.insemtives.eu 41
First results  2/23/11 www.insemtives.eu 42
First results  In WTA treatment, 76 % of subjects make more annotations than the average number of annotations in PPT scenario. Anyway, there are several subjects in both scenarios that make few annotations.  This suggests that WTA incentive system does not provide the same incentives to all subjects.
The results 2/23/11 www.insemtives.eu 44 3 5 This suggests that WTA scenario spurs subjects to perform at their very best. At the same time,  under PPT incentive system subjects seem to be less interested in the final result and tend to coordinate at lower levels of productivity.
Quality of data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The costs and scalability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Some biases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prototype refinement
ā€œ Incentivizing the toolā€
Next steps: Telefonica I+D ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Next steps: Telefonica I+D ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example: MovieLens ,[object Object],[object Object]
Background knowledge: social information might affect behaviors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MovieLens: method of analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A procedural ordering of methods to develop incentive compatible applications
Any question? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Web 2.0 Human Contributions Incentives

Editor's Notes

  1. Nash and travelling salesman
  2. Nash and travelling salesman
  3. MARKUS
  4. We start with the laboratory experiment with University students Doing the experiment in experimental laboratory requires us to provide incentives to students to participate. They are not our friends that give us a favor to test the software or students in our course that earn course credit ā€“ it is not what we want. We want subjects that are neutral to us and to the task and that will reply only to the incentive structure that we provide. There is a fee that we need to pay to students no matter what just to maintain reputation of the laboratory to be sure that students will keep coming to the experiments organized also by other researchers. You can think of environments where you can run the test and donā€™t pay the participation fee but offer only the flexible part (Mechanicle Turk?) Donā€™t look at the ā‚¬5 but concentrate on the flexible part of the payment
  5. 36 students ā€“ randomly assigned, no previous experience required, no knowledge of the tool We used the Telefonica annotation application to annotate images Notice, however, that for the first testing of our incentive system we do not really need the real tool. We can also do it with some other task that can be percieved as similar in terms of effort.
  6. T-student = 2.58, p-value = 0.0089 assuming unequal variance F-test for the significance of the difference between the Variances of the two samples F=2.34, p-value = 0,042
  7. (Leon Festinger, 1954) (Bram Buunk and Thomas Mussweiler 2001, Jerry Suls, Rene Martin, and Ladd Wheeler 2002), (Solomon E. Asch 1956, George A. Akerlof 1980, Stephen R. G. Jones 1984, Douglas Bernheim 1994).
  8. (Leon Festinger, 1954) (Bram Buunk and Thomas Mussweiler 2001, Jerry Suls, Rene Martin, and Ladd Wheeler 2002), (Solomon E. Asch 1956, George A. Akerlof 1980, Stephen R. G. Jones 1984, Douglas Bernheim 1994).