“Sarvé bhavantu sukhinaḥ, sarvé santu nirāmayāḥ, Sarvé bhadrāṇi pashyantu, mā kashchid_duḥkha-bhāg-bhavét”. The meaning of this Sanskrit Sloka is “All should/must be happy, be healthy, see good; may no one have sorrow. Mahatma Gandhi also says, “It is health which is real wealth, and not pieces of gold and silver”. Without robust health nobody can do anything. WHO emphasized on “Health for all” in this 21st Century in Geneva Conference in 1998. Government of India also committed to the goal of ‘Health for All’. WHO defined “health” as "State of complete physical, mental, and social well being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". There are strong linkages between population, health and development. India’s health challenges are not only huge in magnitude due to its large population but they are complex due to its diversity and the chronic poverty and inequality. There are extreme inter-state variations, caused by not only the cultural diversity but because -the states are at different stages of demographic transition, epidemiological transition and socio economic development. Along with the old problems like persistence of communicable diseases and high maternal mortality in some parts, there is an urgent need to address the emerging issues like the threat of non-communicable diseases, HIV (AIDS) and health problems of the growing aged population. Accelerating demographic transition is not only necessary for the population stabilization but it is closely related to health goals. Despite substantial improvements in some health indicators in the past decade, India contributes disproportionately to the global burden of disease, with health indicators that compare unfavorably with other middle-income countries and India's regional neighbours. Large health disparities between states, between rural and urban populations, and across social classes persist. A large proportion of the population is impoverished because of high out-of-pocket health-care expenditures and suffers the adverse consequences of poor quality of health care. The obligation of the Government of India is to ensure the highest possible health status to its population and access to quality health care has been recognized by a number of its key policy documents. This paper attempts to study the over view of health care in India.
Key words: Health Care, National Health Policy, Access, Affordability, Equity, Urban Vs Rural-------------
STATUS OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN INDIA (2010)Ruby Med Plus
Research is well-established on a national level, especially essential national Health research (ENHR), with the Indian Council of Medical Research identifying the priority areas. However, the main users of these research findings are academics and researchers. In India, for commissioned research, there is a direct channel of communication between Health care researchers and policymakers. For non-commissioned research the channels of dissemination to policymakers are less clear and more varied, as dissemination of noncommissioned research is limited to academic channels (e.g. papers in peer-reviewed journals or presentations at conferences). The direct dissemination of noncommissioned research at central government level is available to a range of policymakers by distribution of a research report or inviting key policymakers and other stakeholders to a dissemination workshop often less intensively. Another Major constraint, policymakers may not fully understand how to use research to support policy formation as policymakers may not have the ability to evaluate the quality of a research study, difference between qualitative and quantitative research or to interpret research findings, thus experience difficulties in incorporating research findings into policy development for health care programs, which may lead to the failure to translate research into policy or to extraneous conclusions drawn from research results.
“Sarvé bhavantu sukhinaḥ, sarvé santu nirāmayāḥ, Sarvé bhadrāṇi pashyantu, mā kashchid_duḥkha-bhāg-bhavét”. The meaning of this Sanskrit Sloka is “All should/must be happy, be healthy, see good; may no one have sorrow. Mahatma Gandhi also says, “It is health which is real wealth, and not pieces of gold and silver”. Without robust health nobody can do anything. WHO emphasized on “Health for all” in this 21st Century in Geneva Conference in 1998. Government of India also committed to the goal of ‘Health for All’. WHO defined “health” as "State of complete physical, mental, and social well being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". There are strong linkages between population, health and development. India’s health challenges are not only huge in magnitude due to its large population but they are complex due to its diversity and the chronic poverty and inequality. There are extreme inter-state variations, caused by not only the cultural diversity but because -the states are at different stages of demographic transition, epidemiological transition and socio economic development. Along with the old problems like persistence of communicable diseases and high maternal mortality in some parts, there is an urgent need to address the emerging issues like the threat of non-communicable diseases, HIV (AIDS) and health problems of the growing aged population. Accelerating demographic transition is not only necessary for the population stabilization but it is closely related to health goals. Despite substantial improvements in some health indicators in the past decade, India contributes disproportionately to the global burden of disease, with health indicators that compare unfavorably with other middle-income countries and India's regional neighbours. Large health disparities between states, between rural and urban populations, and across social classes persist. A large proportion of the population is impoverished because of high out-of-pocket health-care expenditures and suffers the adverse consequences of poor quality of health care. The obligation of the Government of India is to ensure the highest possible health status to its population and access to quality health care has been recognized by a number of its key policy documents. This paper attempts to study the over view of health care in India.
Key words: Health Care, National Health Policy, Access, Affordability, Equity, Urban Vs Rural-------------
STATUS OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN INDIA (2010)Ruby Med Plus
Research is well-established on a national level, especially essential national Health research (ENHR), with the Indian Council of Medical Research identifying the priority areas. However, the main users of these research findings are academics and researchers. In India, for commissioned research, there is a direct channel of communication between Health care researchers and policymakers. For non-commissioned research the channels of dissemination to policymakers are less clear and more varied, as dissemination of noncommissioned research is limited to academic channels (e.g. papers in peer-reviewed journals or presentations at conferences). The direct dissemination of noncommissioned research at central government level is available to a range of policymakers by distribution of a research report or inviting key policymakers and other stakeholders to a dissemination workshop often less intensively. Another Major constraint, policymakers may not fully understand how to use research to support policy formation as policymakers may not have the ability to evaluate the quality of a research study, difference between qualitative and quantitative research or to interpret research findings, thus experience difficulties in incorporating research findings into policy development for health care programs, which may lead to the failure to translate research into policy or to extraneous conclusions drawn from research results.
Introduction of Social Pharmacy Role of Pharmacist /Chapter -1
L-1 Social Pharmacy D.Pharm 1st Year based on the new syllabus of d Pharma as per PCI ER 2020.
Definition of social pharmacy
Social pharmacy as a discipline
Objectives of social pharmacy
Social pharmacy research
Social pharmacy education
Scope of social pharmacy in improving health
Role of pharmacist in public health
13 – impact of social media on health in punjab,South India(Current), Riya(PW...ashimasahni3
A sound health and effective mental care are essential part of nation state system. In-fact
Economy and Social goal of any nation depends on the health of the people. Health is
measured by different variables like access to quality health care, genetic inheritance and the
factors comprised with the quality of water, air, environment conditions etc. However recent
researches in related filed indicates correlation between mass media and health. Mass
media plays very important role in diffusing health messages and generating awareness
about health information which guides in attitude and behavior change of the audience to
ascertain a good health. Thus, Mass media guides health officials to reach the general
people, that is very important for health communication. Hence, mass media, radio,
television, and online media are the useful ways to make up mind of the the target people to
imbibe a new life-style and to alarm them with needful information because this is the only
way which is used to pursued the public about a particular disease or epidemic. The current
study intends to find out the level of awareness of health issues among the people and to
find out the most effective mode of health communication. The present research leads to the
findings that people of Punjab are aware of health issues but not fully aware about the health
schemes initiated by government of India. The mainstream media like radio and television
are doing very good job on national level to make people aware about government related
schemes but local channels are least interested to do a job for health awareness. It has also
come into light that private media is not very serious for spreading health related information
"To Find Out The Reason for not Visiting Hospital Again After The Treatment A...Keyur Modi
The service industry plays an increasingly important role in the economy of many countries. In today’s global competitive environment delivering quality service is considered as an essential strategy for success and survival. While several studies have been conducted to measure Satisfaction of patients on service quality in healthcare service sector. Therefore, the aim of this research project was to assess the patients’ perception of their satisfaction with healthcare services and they are not visiting hospital again after the treatment.
Service quality may be defined as patient’s perception of how well a service meets or exceeds their expectations. Service quality can be measured in terms of perception, expectation, satisfaction and attitude of the patients.
This Multidisciplinary Action Project (MAP) is prepared at “THE REFERRAL HOSPITAL & COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTRE, MANDVI” on “To Find out The Reason for not Visiting Hospital Again after the Treatment at The Referral Hospital & Community health Centre Mandvi” as a part of curriculum of MBA program.
We have selected this topic To Find out The Reason for not Visiting Hospital Again after the Treatment at The Referral Hospital & Community health Centre Mandvi the period of July to November 2019. We have taken the 200 Patients of referral hospital to find out examine the reasons why patient are not visiting the hospital again, after the treatment in referral hospital Mandvi”
To achieve these objectives, we have used retrospective and cross-sectional. Primary data are collected by using Questionnaire and Secondary data are collected from Hospital patients. After collection of data we have find out the reasons for not visiting hospital after again the treatment because majority of respondents will go to native impact to the hospitals because sometimes Doctors are not available, proper treatments are not given to the patient and some others facility also not available in hospital.
You can Contact Keyur Modi At mkeyur1212@gmail.com with Question too!
If you got Interested in this Project Then Like, Followed and Share. If you Want some New PPTs on Another New Topics then Suggest me to prepare What u Want... IF POSSIBLE i will work on Your topics.
Thank you
2 role of the government in health class vii 7Mahendra SST
NCERT CBSE SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS 6,7,8,9,10 HISTORY POLITICAL SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS
IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL GET ACCESS ABOUT CLASS SUBJECT SPL CHAPTER ROLE OF GOVT IN HEALTH What is health?
THE COST OF A CURE
Division Of Health Services
(a) Public health services and
(b) Private health facilities
Is adequate healthcare available to all?
What can be done?
The Kerala experience
The Costa Rican approach
Universal health coverage was established in the WHO constitution of 1948 declaring health a fundamental human right.The goal of universal health coverage is to ensure that all people obtain the health services they need without suffering financial hardship when paying for them.
Introduction of Social Pharmacy Role of Pharmacist /Chapter -1
L-1 Social Pharmacy D.Pharm 1st Year based on the new syllabus of d Pharma as per PCI ER 2020.
Definition of social pharmacy
Social pharmacy as a discipline
Objectives of social pharmacy
Social pharmacy research
Social pharmacy education
Scope of social pharmacy in improving health
Role of pharmacist in public health
13 – impact of social media on health in punjab,South India(Current), Riya(PW...ashimasahni3
A sound health and effective mental care are essential part of nation state system. In-fact
Economy and Social goal of any nation depends on the health of the people. Health is
measured by different variables like access to quality health care, genetic inheritance and the
factors comprised with the quality of water, air, environment conditions etc. However recent
researches in related filed indicates correlation between mass media and health. Mass
media plays very important role in diffusing health messages and generating awareness
about health information which guides in attitude and behavior change of the audience to
ascertain a good health. Thus, Mass media guides health officials to reach the general
people, that is very important for health communication. Hence, mass media, radio,
television, and online media are the useful ways to make up mind of the the target people to
imbibe a new life-style and to alarm them with needful information because this is the only
way which is used to pursued the public about a particular disease or epidemic. The current
study intends to find out the level of awareness of health issues among the people and to
find out the most effective mode of health communication. The present research leads to the
findings that people of Punjab are aware of health issues but not fully aware about the health
schemes initiated by government of India. The mainstream media like radio and television
are doing very good job on national level to make people aware about government related
schemes but local channels are least interested to do a job for health awareness. It has also
come into light that private media is not very serious for spreading health related information
"To Find Out The Reason for not Visiting Hospital Again After The Treatment A...Keyur Modi
The service industry plays an increasingly important role in the economy of many countries. In today’s global competitive environment delivering quality service is considered as an essential strategy for success and survival. While several studies have been conducted to measure Satisfaction of patients on service quality in healthcare service sector. Therefore, the aim of this research project was to assess the patients’ perception of their satisfaction with healthcare services and they are not visiting hospital again after the treatment.
Service quality may be defined as patient’s perception of how well a service meets or exceeds their expectations. Service quality can be measured in terms of perception, expectation, satisfaction and attitude of the patients.
This Multidisciplinary Action Project (MAP) is prepared at “THE REFERRAL HOSPITAL & COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTRE, MANDVI” on “To Find out The Reason for not Visiting Hospital Again after the Treatment at The Referral Hospital & Community health Centre Mandvi” as a part of curriculum of MBA program.
We have selected this topic To Find out The Reason for not Visiting Hospital Again after the Treatment at The Referral Hospital & Community health Centre Mandvi the period of July to November 2019. We have taken the 200 Patients of referral hospital to find out examine the reasons why patient are not visiting the hospital again, after the treatment in referral hospital Mandvi”
To achieve these objectives, we have used retrospective and cross-sectional. Primary data are collected by using Questionnaire and Secondary data are collected from Hospital patients. After collection of data we have find out the reasons for not visiting hospital after again the treatment because majority of respondents will go to native impact to the hospitals because sometimes Doctors are not available, proper treatments are not given to the patient and some others facility also not available in hospital.
You can Contact Keyur Modi At mkeyur1212@gmail.com with Question too!
If you got Interested in this Project Then Like, Followed and Share. If you Want some New PPTs on Another New Topics then Suggest me to prepare What u Want... IF POSSIBLE i will work on Your topics.
Thank you
2 role of the government in health class vii 7Mahendra SST
NCERT CBSE SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS 6,7,8,9,10 HISTORY POLITICAL SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS
IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL GET ACCESS ABOUT CLASS SUBJECT SPL CHAPTER ROLE OF GOVT IN HEALTH What is health?
THE COST OF A CURE
Division Of Health Services
(a) Public health services and
(b) Private health facilities
Is adequate healthcare available to all?
What can be done?
The Kerala experience
The Costa Rican approach
Universal health coverage was established in the WHO constitution of 1948 declaring health a fundamental human right.The goal of universal health coverage is to ensure that all people obtain the health services they need without suffering financial hardship when paying for them.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
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2. HEALTH
Health can be defined as physical, mental, and social well
being, and as a resource for living a full life. In 1948, the world
health organization (WHO) defined health with a phrase that is
still used today. “Health is a state of complete physical, mental
and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity”
SUNIL PANDA COMMERCE CLASSES
3. Important Points of Health
(ii)
SUNIL PANDA COMMERCE CLASSES
(i) It refers not only to the absence of disease, but the ability to recover and
bounce back from illness and other problems.
Factors for goodhealth include genetics, the environment, relationships,
and the education.
(iii) A person’s ability to work depends largely on his health. Good health
increases the productivity of labour.
(iv) A healthful diet, exercise, screening for diseases, and coping strategies can
all enhance a person’s health.
(v) A good health increase mental abilities and also enhance the quality of life.
It is the responsibility of the government to ensure that health facilities are
accessible to all the people health is a basic facility or need of every human
which leads to overall growth and development of a nation.
4. State of Health Infrastructure
The government has the constitutional obligation to guide and regulate all
health related issues such as medical education, adulteration of food, drugs
and poisons, medical profession, mental deficiency and lunacy. Health
infrastructure includes hospitals, doctors, nureses and other paramedical
professionals, beds, equipment's required in hospitals and a well-developed
pharmaceutical industry. Only presence of health infrastructure is not
sufficient to have healthy people. It should be accessible to all the people. The
union government evolves broad policies and plans through the central council
of health and family welfare. It collects information and provide financial and
technical assistance to state government, union territories and other bodies
for implementatiion of important health programmes in the country.
SUNIL PANDA COMMERCE CLASSES
5. Development of Health Infrastructure after Independence
1. General Services: Basic infrastructure in the form of primary
health care services, has been provided in urban and rural
areas. Primary health care services include maternal and
child health care services and family welfare services.
Specialised health care services are provided through
hospitals in urban areas. Number of hospitals, dispensaries,
medical colleges and number of doctors are increased.
2. Control of Communicable Diseases: To control
communicable diseases like malaria, tuberculosis and AIDS
etc. many national programmes have started.
SUNIL PANDA COMMERCE CLASSES
6. 3.Polio Programme: Pulse Polio Programme (Triple P) has been
launched in India to eradicate polio. People gave tremendous
response to this programme. To immunise the children from
the deadly disease, the anti polio drops are given to children
below the age of 5 years.
4.Decline in Death Rate: Death rate has come down from as
high as 27.4 per thousand in 1951 to 7.237 death per 1000
people in 2018.
5.Reduction infant mortality rate: Infant mortality rate
(referring to death of the infants upto 1 year of age) has
significantly reduced from 146 per thousand in 1951 to 33 per
thousand in 2018.
SUNIL PANDA COMMERCE CLASSES
7. 6. Rise in expectancy of life: Life expectancy has risen from 50 years in
1951 to 68.8 years in 2018.
(life expectancy of female is greater than male. It shows the significant
improvement in health care in India. It is mainly due to improvement
in sanitation, housing and education which led to a steady decline in
mortality. Female life expectancy was 70.7 years and male life
expectancy was 68.8 in 2018.)
SUNIL PANDA COMMERCE CLASSES
8. Private Sector Health Infrastructure
In recent times, while the public health sector has not been so
successful in delivering the goods. The role of private sector, in
providing health services, has considerably grown
More than 70 percent of the hospitals in India are run by the
private sector.
Nearly 60 percent dispensaries are run by the private sector.
Private sector control nearly two-fifth of beds available in the
hospitals.
In recent times, private sector has been playing a dominant role in
medical education and training.
SUNIL PANDA COMMERCE CLASSES
9. Medical technology and diagnostics, manufacture medical
technology and sale of pharmaceuticals, hospital construction and
provision of medical services.
In 2001-02, there were more than 13 lakh medical enterprises
employing 22 lakh people; more than 80 percent of them are single
person owned, and operated by one.
However, private sector in India has grown independently, without
any major regulation. Some private practitioners are not even
registered doctors, and are known as quacks. The role of
government in providing health care is still very important as poor
people can depend only on government hospitals, due to huge
expenses in private hospitals.
SUNIL PANDA COMMERCE CLASSES
13. Rural Urban Divide
Health infrastructure is significantly biased in favour of the rich and in favour of
the urban areas. While 70 percent of the country’s population lives in rural
areas, but only 20 percent of hospitals are located in these areas. In rural areas
due to lack of dispensaries and medical infrastructure people are not availing
health care
There are only 0.36 hospitals for every one lakh people in rural areas, while
urban areas have 3.6 hospitals for one lakh people. Government hospitals in
rural areas don't even offer X-ray or blood testing facilities, which constitutes
basic healthcare.
The poorest 20% of the Indians living in both urban and rural areas spend 12%
of their income on healthcare while the rich spend only 2% even in rural
government hospitals, doctors are not available and many times proper
medicines are also not available. Rural people have to spent more amount on
medicines and critical treatment from private hospitals which make them
indebted forever
SUNIL PANDA COMMERCE CLASSES
14. Three-Tier system of Health Infrastructure
(ii)
SUNIL PANDA COMMERCE CLASSES
(iii)
(i) Primary healthcare: Under primary healthcare, people are educated about
the prevailing health issues in the country. It includes promotion of food
supply and proper nutrition and adequate supply of water and basic
sanitation, maternal and child healthcare, immunisation against major
infectious diseases and injuries.
Secondary healthcare: Medical care that is provided by a specialist or facility
upon referral by primary care physician and that requires more specialized
knowledge, skill or equipment is called secondary healthcare. These are
located in big towns.
Tertiary healthcare: Hospitals which have advanced level equipment and
medicines and undertake all the complicated health problems, which could
not be managed by secondary hospitals, comes under ‘Tertiary Health Care’.
e.g. AIIMS in Delhi
16. Indian System of Medicine (ISM)
It is a well-known fact that traditional systems of medicines always
played important role in meeting the global health care needs. They are
continuing to do so at present and shall play major role in future also.
India has the unique distinction of having six recognized system of
medicine in this category. They are AYUSH - Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani,
Siddha, Homeopathy and Naturopathy. At present there are 3,167 ISM
hospitals, 26,000 dispensaries and as many as 7,00,000 registered
practitioners in India. ISM has huge potential and can solve a large part
of our health care problems because they are effective, safe and
inexpensive.
SUNIL PANDA COMMERCE CLASSES
22. Critical Assessment of Health Infrastructure
Health infrastructure is an important indicator of well-being of the people in a
welfare state mechanism The population of India has been growing at an
unpredicted rate and growing at almost 18 million per year, India will be the
most populated nation by 2030 and the health infrastructure to deal with the
population growth is inadequate. The outbreak of Chikungunya in New Delhi
gave us a clear glimpse of poor health care system and the lack of timely actions
from the government. Problem of shortage of resources, beds, expensive
medicines were recorded. In June 2011, more than 50 children died in Bihar
because of a mysterious disease which included the symptoms of high fever.
The doctors from the national institute of virology visited the hospital full of
infected children after several days but even they could not identify the
diseases. Even in June 2019, an outbreak of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES)
occurred in Muzaffarpur due to this more than 150 childrens were died.
SUNIL PANDA COMMERCE CLASSES
24. These are the following deficiencies of health
infrastructure in India
1. Unequal distribution of health care services: In India most of the
health care facilities have been allocated to urban areas. Poor people
living in rural areas are not getting proper medical treatment.
2. Communicable Diseases: Communicable diseases like AIDS (Acquired
immune deficiency syndrome), HIV (Human Immunodeficiency
Virus) and SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) are raising in
India. Through effective control measures government should try to
make prevention of communicable diseases
SUNIL PANDA COMMERCE CLASSES
25. 3.Poor management: There is a substantial mismatch between the personnel
for health care and the number of health care centres due to rush in
hospitals and lack of beds people are not getting treatment at right time.
Unavailability of doctors and bad management is seen almost in every
hospitals.
4.Privatisation: Private hospitals are replacing public hospitals but the main
moto of private hospitals are earning more due to this health care is
becoming increasingly expensive and beyond the reach of the millions of
people.
5.Poor sanitation level: Sanitation facilities are extremely poor in both rural
and urban areas. About 30% of the houses in urban areas do not have toilet
facilities and the condition in rural areas is even worse. People are not even
getting clean drinking water. These leads to spread of various diseases
SUNIL PANDA COMMERCE CLASSES
