INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN HEALTHCARE - (Includes DICOM, DCOS & Major Moralities )

1. 7/25/2014 1

2.  The healthcare Industry today after twenty
five years, since computers started
influencing our society, is standing at the
threshold of a world of possibilities thrown
up by technologies such as Virtual Reality,
Cyber surgery, Micro - robotic Surgery and
3D image modeling.
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3.  It is said that the Internet should be used for the
benefit of mankind.
 Internet pundits have always felt that development
and delivery of Medicine will be one area where this
medium is likely to have immense benefit to
mankind.
 For e-healthcare and telemedicine to emerge as a
viable alternative modality for delivering medical
care and expertise there are a few preconditions
that are to be met.
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4. 1. Adaptation of Information technology by
hospitals especially in terms of networking and
Hospital Management systems.
2. Increasing awareness on IT among medical
professionals.
3. Better Internet access; possibility the advent of
broadband in India that can transfer video files
faster.
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Some of these are,Some of these are,

5. Continue .......
4. Standardization of various protocols (like DICOM in
teleradiology) and acceptance of these protocols by
the relevant equipment manufacturers.
5. Decline in the cost of telemedicine hardware to
make it more financially viable.
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6. Information Technology
 At present, the major constraint is in terms of the financial
viability of e-healthcare initiatives. However there have been
several isolated initiatives from various organizations and
hospitals for implementation of projects.
 For example The Indian Space and Research Organization has
today 32 telemedicine location in India and is investing heavily
to help Indian healthcare to graduate in this technology and
then use it for its own purpose in the future to monitor Indian
astronauts who undertake journeys in space.
 Most of the developments in this field are likely to focus around
the needs of ISRO.
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7.  The answer to make projects financially viable also probably lies
in pooling together resources by various facilities within a
geographic locality and sharing the benefits and revenues thus
created.
 To elaborate on this point, several hospitals within a city like
e.g. Salem can share a common Tele-pathology service or
Teleradiology service.
 The benefits of such a pooled service are obvious.
Investigations can be viewed by a group of expert consultants.
 Such a model will reduce the initial project costs and with the
patient traffic from several affiliated hospitals can achieve
economy of scale and thus reduce costs of trained manpower
and material costs and also provide a very efficient and optimal
service to the community. 7
Information Technology

8. India is well placed and potentially the ideal location
for experimenting with e-healthcare solutions for the
following reasons:
 India has best computer Technocrats India has a very skilled medical
fraternity private healthcare emerging as a key-player in the country
Indian Healthcare spending likely to increase to 200,000 crores by
2012 from present86,0000 crores. Potentially India a very suitable
location and resources pumped in this sector now are likely to be of
great benefit.
 The government has the responsibility for the framing the basic
standards guidelines to make use of IT in Healthcare possible. The ICT
Ministry has come out with its recommendations by recommending
some basic standards.
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9. Tamil Nadu particularly is well positioned
to benefit for the following reasons:
1. Lowest cost of skilled manpower.
2. Highly developed healthcare System.
3. Highest numbers of Hi-tech surgeries like. By-pass
surgeries & Transplants.
4. Large Tamil NRI population.
 A pool of patients from Northeast who regularly frequent
Chennai and Vellore for their treatment requirements. These
regulars and loyal patients can use Telemedicine facilities
effectively.
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10. Continue ...
5. Three leading institutions for Telemedicine solutions -
Apollo, Sri Ramachandra Hospital and Sankar
Nethralaya .
6. Govt. encourages a Public - Private enterprise
7. Three large Corporate leading in overseas healthcare
contracts - TCS, Cognizant, KJ Medical Transcription
unit.
8. Large number of smaller companies undertaking
overseas medical contracts.
9. Broadband connectivity are being offered and available
at a reasonable cost. 10

11.  Telemedicine in principle is well suited for countries
like India, Africa and South America where there is a
large rural based population separated by large
distances and needing access to regular medical care
of quality.
 The telephony revolution of nineties of India has
linked most of our smaller towns and villages with
rest of the world.
 The railway also has a vast network of fibre-optics
cables already laid out on many of its routes. 11

12.  The Space scientist of our country have placed
strategic satellites of communication making a
broadband network not too difficult to achieve with
expenditure of minimum resources, These gateways
of communications should be all used to help with
the project of telemedicine and hence reduce
applications costs.
 Even subsidies could be incorporated to facilitate
telemedicine projects in our country.
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13. Information Technology
Revolution
 It is the question of bringing together these different
agencies and forums to make the revolution of
telemedicine happen and to provide our humanity
with the best possible medical care.
 If these experiments work in India over the next
decade, the vast population living in developing
countries will be the winners and bear the fruit of our
success.
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14. Continue ...
 Internet and Telemedicine should be a used as style
of practice of modern medicine rather than be
exhibited vulgarly as a technological showcase.
Perhaps the slogan "Health for all by 2000" which
was forgotten by our politicians towards the end of
last century can still be achieved by the year 2020 by
making "the Information Technology Revolution
happen in healthcare in India ".
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15. Medical Computer Society
of India
 The "Medical Computer Society of India" promotes
the use of IT in healthcare including Telemedicine.
The goal of the society is to get both computer
technocrats and medical professionals on one
platform and speak the same language of
developments for the healthcare applications.
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16. DICOM - Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
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17. 17

18.  User Consortia (e.g., HL7)
 Organizations (e.g., NEMA, IEEE)
 US Government Agencies (e.g., ANSI, NIST)
 Foreign Government Agencies (e.g., CEN)
 United Nations (e.g., ISO, CCITT)

19.  The name was changed to separate the standard from
the originating body
 1991 - Release of Parts 1 and 8 of DICOM
 1992 - RSNA demonstration, Part 8
 1993 - DICOM Parts 1-9 approved,
RSNA demonstration of ALL parts
 1994 - Part 10: Media Storage and File Format
 1995 - Parts 11,12, and 13 plus Supplements

20. MAGN
ETOM
Information Management System
Storage, Query/RetrieveStorage, Query/Retrieve,,
Study ComponentStudy Component
Query/Retrieve, Patient & Study ManagementQuery/Retrieve, Patient & Study Management
Query/RetrieveQuery/Retrieve
Results ManagementResults Management
Print ManagementPrint Management
Media ExchangeMedia Exchange
LiteBox

21. SOPSOP
Data DictionaryData Dictionary
Real-World ObjectReal-World Object
Information ObjectInformation Object DIMSE Service GroupDIMSE Service Group

22.  Composite
Verification
Storage
Query/Retrieve
Study Content Notification
 Normalized
Patient Management
Study Management
Results Management
Basic Print Management

23.  Joint CEN-DICOM development
 Medicom = DICOM
 MIPS 95 work is underway with JIRA
 IS&C Harmonization is also in progress
 HL7 Harmonization continuing interest
 New DICOM organization
 Companies: NEMA and non-NEMA
 ACR, ACC, CAP, ...
 individuals

24. Networking is a critical component of all
medical imaging systems
Support for Open Communication Standards is a
MUST
DICOM is here, NOW
DICOM products exist on the market
DICOM is emerging as THE common protocol for
medical image communication - WORLD WIDE!

25. Electro-Magnetic Spectrum

26. IR Imaging (Performance)
Fig. Thermal / IR view of a Chip

27. IR Imaging (Natural Calamity)
Fig. IR satellite view
of Augustine volcano

28. IR Imaging (Night Vision)
Fig. IR image of a sloth at night

29. IR Imaging (Night Vision)
Fig. Night vision system used by soldiers

30. IR Imaging (Weather)
Fig. IR Satellite Imagery

31. IR Imaging (Astronomy)
Fig. Nebula NGC 1514 01 in Visible (left) and Infrared (right)

32. Ultrasound imaging (Medical)
Fig. Fetus and Thyroid using ultrasound

33. Seismic imaging (Earthquake)
Fig. Detecting Earthquakes and its cause using cross
sectional view

34. UV imaging (Ozone)
Fig. Detect ozone layer damage

35. UV imaging (Sun spots)
Fig. Identify sun spots

36. UV imaging (Solar flares)
Fig. Identify solar flares

37. X-Ray imaging (Medical)
Fig. X - Ray of neck

38. X-Ray imaging (Medical)
Fig. X - Ray of head

39. X-Ray imaging (Circuits)
Fig. X - Ray of a Glucose meter circuit

40. Gamma-Ray imaging (Medical)
Fig. Gamma ray exposed images

41. Gamma-Ray imaging (Astronomy)
Fig. Gamma ray bursts in space

42. Gamma-Ray imaging (Astronomy)
Fig. Gamma ray bursts in space

43. Gamma-Ray imaging (Astronomy)
Fig. Gamma ray bursts in space

44. Remote Sensing
Fig. Satellite images of Mumbai suburban(Left) and Gateway of India
(Right)

45. Remote Sensing

46. Projection X-ray (Radiography)
Ultrasound
X-ray Computed Tomography (CT)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)

47. 1. X-Rays
2. Computer Tomography (CT or CAT)
3. MRI (or NMR)
4. PET / SPECT ((Positron Emission Tomography,Positron Emission Tomography,
Single Photon Emission Computerized TomographySingle Photon Emission Computerized Tomography

48. 5. Ultrasound
6. Computational
7. Mammography
8. Angiography
9. Fluoroscopy
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