La línea de tiempo describe la evolución de la informática desde los primeros ordenadores construidos en la década de 1940 hasta los dispositivos móviles actuales, destacando hitos como la invención del transistor, el chip y las primeras computadoras personales, y cómo cada década trajo avances que hicieron que los ordenadores fueran más pequeños, potentes y accesibles.
A computer consists of a central processing unit (CPU) that carries out program instructions by performing basic operations. A monitor displays the visual output and uses either liquid crystal display (LCD) or cathode ray tube (CRT) technologies. The CPU, along with input devices like a keyboard and mouse, and output devices like printers and speakers, allow a computer to interact with users.
Early computing devices included the abacus invented over 5,000 years ago in China. In the 17th century, John Napier invented Napier's Bones, a device for multiplication, and Blaise Pascal created the Pascaline calculator for addition and subtraction. In the 19th century, Charles Babbage designed the Difference Engine and Analytical Engine, considered the first programmable computer. The Analytical Engine concept formed the basis for modern computers. In the 20th century, Howard Aiken invented the Mark 1, the first electronic computer, while ENIAC, completed in 1946, was the first general-purpose electronic digital computer.
The document discusses the five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and magnetic drums. The second generation introduced transistors, making computers faster, cheaper and smaller. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits and silicon chips. The fourth generation featured microprocessors, allowing computers to be incorporated into many products. The fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence through parallel processing and superconductors.
La línea de tiempo describe la evolución de la informática desde los primeros ordenadores construidos en la década de 1940 hasta los dispositivos móviles actuales, destacando hitos como la invención del transistor, el chip y las primeras computadoras personales, y cómo cada década trajo avances que hicieron que los ordenadores fueran más pequeños, potentes y accesibles.
A computer consists of a central processing unit (CPU) that carries out program instructions by performing basic operations. A monitor displays the visual output and uses either liquid crystal display (LCD) or cathode ray tube (CRT) technologies. The CPU, along with input devices like a keyboard and mouse, and output devices like printers and speakers, allow a computer to interact with users.
Early computing devices included the abacus invented over 5,000 years ago in China. In the 17th century, John Napier invented Napier's Bones, a device for multiplication, and Blaise Pascal created the Pascaline calculator for addition and subtraction. In the 19th century, Charles Babbage designed the Difference Engine and Analytical Engine, considered the first programmable computer. The Analytical Engine concept formed the basis for modern computers. In the 20th century, Howard Aiken invented the Mark 1, the first electronic computer, while ENIAC, completed in 1946, was the first general-purpose electronic digital computer.
The document discusses the five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and magnetic drums. The second generation introduced transistors, making computers faster, cheaper and smaller. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits and silicon chips. The fourth generation featured microprocessors, allowing computers to be incorporated into many products. The fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence through parallel processing and superconductors.
The document summarizes the history and major developments of Intel and AMD, the two largest microprocessor manufacturers. It describes how Intel was founded in 1968 and became the dominant player with innovations like the Pentium processor and Intel Inside marketing campaign. AMD was founded a year later and grew by partnering with other companies, eventually producing its own x86-compatible processors. Both companies introduced numerous processor families over the decades as clock speeds and core counts increased. Intel remains the market leader while AMD focuses on graphics and accelerating CPU functions.
Este documento proporciona una introducción básica a la informática, incluyendo definiciones de términos clave como informática, ordenador y hardware y software. Explica brevemente la historia de la informática y los componentes principales de un ordenador, como la CPU, memoria y periféricos. También describe diferentes tipos de ordenadores, unidades de almacenamiento como discos duros y unidades flash, y redes e Internet. El objetivo general es ofrecer una visión general de los conceptos fundamentales de la informática.
Partes De La Computadora Relacionado Con El Ser Humanoleidyjohannapulido
El documento describe las principales partes de un computador y sus análogos en el cuerpo humano. Explica que el monitor permite ver el contenido de los programas como los ojos, la impresora vacía la información de la memoria al papel como los músculos, y la tarjeta de red permite acceder a una red como el sistema nervioso central. También describe otros componentes como el mouse, modem, memoria, teclado, scanner y sus equivalentes en el cuerpo.
The document discusses the history of computers through different generations. It describes how early "computers" were human beings who performed calculations before mechanical devices were developed. Some of the earliest mechanical computers included the abacus, Napier's Bones, the Pascaline calculator, and Leibniz's stepped reckoner. Significant figures like Babbage, Lovelace, and Hopper contributed to early computer development through ideas for programmable engines and debugging. The document traces the evolution of computing technology from simple mechanical aids to modern electronic computers.
The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes from 1946-1957 and were large, expensive, unreliable, and generated a lot of heat. The second generation used transistors from 1956-1963, which made computers smaller, faster, and more reliable. The third generation from 1964-1970 used integrated circuits, improving speed and memory while reducing size and cost. The fourth generation from 1971-present used microprocessors and VLSI chips, making computers smaller, more powerful, and affordable with a variety of software. The goal of the ongoing fifth generation is to develop artificial intelligence for natural language understanding and thinking capabilities.
Computer is an electronic device that processes data according to stored instructions. It consists of hardware and software. The main hardware components are the monitor, keyboard, mouse, video card, CPU, motherboard, printers, and speakers. Software is divided into system software like the operating system, and application software like MS Word and payroll systems. A computer uses these hardware and software elements to process data according to instructions in order to be useful for users and programmers.
A computer is a machine that performs four basic operations: input, processing, output and storage. It takes in data through input devices like a mouse and keyboard, processes the data using the central processing unit (CPU), provides the results through output, and stores the processed data and programs on storage devices like hard disks for future use, in a continuous information processing cycle.
Computer hardware consists of the physical parts that can be touched, while software is instructions written by programmers. There are many types of software like databases, internet browsers, games, and antivirus programs. Software can be purchased in a store or downloaded online, and is installed on the computer hard drive to be used through program icons or the Start menu.
The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first generation to the fifth generation. Each generation is characterized by major technological developments that changed how computers operate. The first generation used vacuum tubes, the second used transistors, the third used integrated circuits, the fourth used microprocessors, and the fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence and virtual reality. These technological advancements at each generation resulted in computers becoming smaller, cheaper, more powerful, efficient and reliable.
Este documento introduce conceptos básicos de informática. Explica que la informática estudia el procesamiento electrónico de la información en computadoras. Define una computadora como una máquina electrónica que almacena y procesa datos. Describe las partes principales de una computadora, incluyendo el teclado, monitor, unidades de disco, impresora y la unidad central de procesamiento.
Computer System and Its Components
- Motherboard
- CPU
- Difference GUI And CUI
Characteristics Of Computer
- Block diagram of computer
- Input unit
- Output unit
- Memory unit
TYPES OF COMPUTER MEMORY (RAM and ROM)
- Random Access Memory (RAM)
- Difference between DRAM and SRAM
- Read Only Memory (ROM)
OTHER TYPES OF MEMORY
- Cache memory
- Sequential Access Memory
- Random access memory
- Classification Of Memory
Control Unit
ALU
Input / Output function and characteristics
Memory – RAM ROM and other types of memory
Storage fundamentals – primary vs secondary data storage
Un computador es una máquina electromecánica que recibe instrucciones, procesa datos de forma veloz y precisa, y da un resultado. Un sistema de computación está formado por hardware (componentes físicos) y software (programas y sistema operativo). El hardware incluye periféricos de entrada (teclado, mouse), dispositivos de procesamiento y almacenamiento, y periféricos de salida (monitor, impresora).
An introduction to computers including:
- What a computer is and its basic functions of input, processing, output, and storage.
- The main internal components of a computer including the central processing unit, memory, input devices, output devices, and storage devices.
- Examples of input devices such as keyboards and mice, as well as output devices like printers and monitors. Common storage devices include hard drives, flash drives, CDs/DVDs.
- The different types of software including system software, application software, educational software, and entertainment software.
El documento resume brevemente la historia de los principales hitos en el desarrollo de la computadora desde el ábaco en el 1300 a.C. hasta Windows 7 en 2009, mencionando inventos clave como la Pascalina, la máquina analítica de Babbage, el microprocesador y sistemas operativos como Windows 95, 2000 y XP. Cubre más de 3000 años de progreso tecnológico en el campo de la computación.
The document summarizes the history and major developments of Intel and AMD, the two largest microprocessor manufacturers. It describes how Intel was founded in 1968 and became the dominant player with innovations like the Pentium processor and Intel Inside marketing campaign. AMD was founded a year later and grew by partnering with other companies, eventually producing its own x86-compatible processors. Both companies introduced numerous processor families over the decades as clock speeds and core counts increased. Intel remains the market leader while AMD focuses on graphics and accelerating CPU functions.
Este documento proporciona una introducción básica a la informática, incluyendo definiciones de términos clave como informática, ordenador y hardware y software. Explica brevemente la historia de la informática y los componentes principales de un ordenador, como la CPU, memoria y periféricos. También describe diferentes tipos de ordenadores, unidades de almacenamiento como discos duros y unidades flash, y redes e Internet. El objetivo general es ofrecer una visión general de los conceptos fundamentales de la informática.
Partes De La Computadora Relacionado Con El Ser Humanoleidyjohannapulido
El documento describe las principales partes de un computador y sus análogos en el cuerpo humano. Explica que el monitor permite ver el contenido de los programas como los ojos, la impresora vacía la información de la memoria al papel como los músculos, y la tarjeta de red permite acceder a una red como el sistema nervioso central. También describe otros componentes como el mouse, modem, memoria, teclado, scanner y sus equivalentes en el cuerpo.
The document discusses the history of computers through different generations. It describes how early "computers" were human beings who performed calculations before mechanical devices were developed. Some of the earliest mechanical computers included the abacus, Napier's Bones, the Pascaline calculator, and Leibniz's stepped reckoner. Significant figures like Babbage, Lovelace, and Hopper contributed to early computer development through ideas for programmable engines and debugging. The document traces the evolution of computing technology from simple mechanical aids to modern electronic computers.
The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes from 1946-1957 and were large, expensive, unreliable, and generated a lot of heat. The second generation used transistors from 1956-1963, which made computers smaller, faster, and more reliable. The third generation from 1964-1970 used integrated circuits, improving speed and memory while reducing size and cost. The fourth generation from 1971-present used microprocessors and VLSI chips, making computers smaller, more powerful, and affordable with a variety of software. The goal of the ongoing fifth generation is to develop artificial intelligence for natural language understanding and thinking capabilities.
Computer is an electronic device that processes data according to stored instructions. It consists of hardware and software. The main hardware components are the monitor, keyboard, mouse, video card, CPU, motherboard, printers, and speakers. Software is divided into system software like the operating system, and application software like MS Word and payroll systems. A computer uses these hardware and software elements to process data according to instructions in order to be useful for users and programmers.
A computer is a machine that performs four basic operations: input, processing, output and storage. It takes in data through input devices like a mouse and keyboard, processes the data using the central processing unit (CPU), provides the results through output, and stores the processed data and programs on storage devices like hard disks for future use, in a continuous information processing cycle.
Computer hardware consists of the physical parts that can be touched, while software is instructions written by programmers. There are many types of software like databases, internet browsers, games, and antivirus programs. Software can be purchased in a store or downloaded online, and is installed on the computer hard drive to be used through program icons or the Start menu.
The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first generation to the fifth generation. Each generation is characterized by major technological developments that changed how computers operate. The first generation used vacuum tubes, the second used transistors, the third used integrated circuits, the fourth used microprocessors, and the fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence and virtual reality. These technological advancements at each generation resulted in computers becoming smaller, cheaper, more powerful, efficient and reliable.
Este documento introduce conceptos básicos de informática. Explica que la informática estudia el procesamiento electrónico de la información en computadoras. Define una computadora como una máquina electrónica que almacena y procesa datos. Describe las partes principales de una computadora, incluyendo el teclado, monitor, unidades de disco, impresora y la unidad central de procesamiento.
Computer System and Its Components
- Motherboard
- CPU
- Difference GUI And CUI
Characteristics Of Computer
- Block diagram of computer
- Input unit
- Output unit
- Memory unit
TYPES OF COMPUTER MEMORY (RAM and ROM)
- Random Access Memory (RAM)
- Difference between DRAM and SRAM
- Read Only Memory (ROM)
OTHER TYPES OF MEMORY
- Cache memory
- Sequential Access Memory
- Random access memory
- Classification Of Memory
Control Unit
ALU
Input / Output function and characteristics
Memory – RAM ROM and other types of memory
Storage fundamentals – primary vs secondary data storage
Un computador es una máquina electromecánica que recibe instrucciones, procesa datos de forma veloz y precisa, y da un resultado. Un sistema de computación está formado por hardware (componentes físicos) y software (programas y sistema operativo). El hardware incluye periféricos de entrada (teclado, mouse), dispositivos de procesamiento y almacenamiento, y periféricos de salida (monitor, impresora).
An introduction to computers including:
- What a computer is and its basic functions of input, processing, output, and storage.
- The main internal components of a computer including the central processing unit, memory, input devices, output devices, and storage devices.
- Examples of input devices such as keyboards and mice, as well as output devices like printers and monitors. Common storage devices include hard drives, flash drives, CDs/DVDs.
- The different types of software including system software, application software, educational software, and entertainment software.
El documento resume brevemente la historia de los principales hitos en el desarrollo de la computadora desde el ábaco en el 1300 a.C. hasta Windows 7 en 2009, mencionando inventos clave como la Pascalina, la máquina analítica de Babbage, el microprocesador y sistemas operativos como Windows 95, 2000 y XP. Cubre más de 3000 años de progreso tecnológico en el campo de la computación.
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2. Zer da informatika? + Sartzeko bideoa
Eskema (Lehenengo gailuak / Ordenagailuak)
Lehenengo gailuak
Zer da ordenagailua?
5 generazioak edo belaundaldiak
Gaur egungo egoera
Ordenagailua eta hezkuntza (Wikipedia) + Bideoa
Bibliografia
3. Hasteko oso garrantzitsua da informatikaren
definizioa ematea:Ordenagailuen azterketaz
arduratzen den zientzia da. Ordenagailua
(konputagailu, garun elektroniko, kalkulagailu, etab.
ere deitzen zaio), makina elektronikoa da, datu-
kopuru handiekin lan egin dezake, azkar, eta
funtzionatzen duen bitartean ez du gizakiaren
bitartekotzarik behar
INFOR= informazioa + TIKA= automatikoa
6. Abakoa kontatzeko lehenengo gailu mekanikoa
da eta duela 5000 urte asmatu zen. Oso
eraginkorra da, gaur egun oraindik erabiltzen
dugulako.
Pascalen makina Leonardo da Vinci-k
pentsatutako makina geroago Pascalek sortu zuen
lehenengo batutzaile mekanikoa. 1639.urtean
gertatu zen.
7. Babbage-ren makinak
Kenduren makina asmatu zuen eta
baita lehenengo makina analitikoa,
1825. urtearen inguruan.
Lehenengo txartel
perforatua
Ehunak adibidez txartel perforatuarekin
kontrolatzen dira. Aurrerakuntza hau 1800.
urtean asmatu egin zen eta lehenago
aipatutako Babbage-ren makinetan eragin
handia izan zuen.
8. Datuak gordetzeko lehen
makina Herman Hollerith-ek
asmatu egin zuen 1885. urtean
xede argi batekin: AEB-ko biztanle
guztiak erroldatu.
Lehenengo
ordenagailuak XX.mendean
lehenengo ordenagailu
analogikoak sortzen hasi ziren
ekuazio oso konplexuak ebazteko.
Oso erabilgarriak izan ziren
mundu gerretan urpekarien eta
bonben ibilbidea kalkulatzeko.
9. Zer da ordenagailua???
Ordenagailu edo konputagailu bat programa baten
arabera datuak prozesatzeko gai den makina
elektronikoa da. Beste hizkuntza bat erabiltzen
dute, binartar kodea hain zuzen ere. Kode hau 1/0
bakarrik erabiltzen ditu,1 egia dena adierazteko
eta 0 berriz, faltsua dena.
11. Lehenengo generazioa
1939 eta 1957. urteen artean ematen da
Balbulak erabili egiten dira eta ordenagailuak oso
handiak ziren (800.000m kable adibidez)
Hauek bakarrik erabili ahal zituzten zientifiko eta
militarrek
12. Bigarren generazioa
1957-1964 urteen bitartean
Ordenagailuak txikiagoak dira
Kostua txikiagoa da
Informazioa prozesatzeko transmisoreak
erabiltzen zituzten eta ez
COBOL izeneko hizkuntza jada erabiltzen zen
Lehenengo ordenagailu komertzialak
13. Hirugarren generazioa
1964-1971 urteen bitartean
Osatutako zirkuitoen garapenarekin batera
ematen da, eta konponente elektroniko ugari
ipintzen zaie ordenagailuei
Bigarren generazioa gertatu zen legez, honetan
ere azkarragoak, txikiagoak eta eraginkorragoak
bihurtzen dira (bero gutxiago ematen dute)
IBM 360 ordenagailuak
Teleinformatikaren sorrera
14. Laugarren
generazioa
1971-1981
Mikroprosezatzailearen asmakuntzaren
garrantzia, PC-aren sorrera ahalbidetu zuena eta
beraz lan egiteko modua ere (zirkuito bakar
batean oinarrizko elementu guztiak)
Kenbak I PC-a
Winchister diska gogorrak
8080 Intelek asmatutako lehenengo CPU-a
15. Bosgarren generazioa (PC-a)
1981-tik gaur egun arte
PC-a ezagutzen dugun modukoa bereizten du
generazio hau eta batzuek bere izena jartzen
diote hain zuzen ere
16. Gaur egungo egoera
Gure zibilizazioaren atal oso garrantzitsua da
ordenagailua eta lan egiteko edo aisialdirako
beharrezkoa. Historian zehar gure etxeetan gero
eta gune nabarmenago bat hartzen ari da. Horrez
gain komunikatzeko gailu aparta da,
ezinbestekoa. Milaka enpresa eta langilek objektu
honen inguruan lan egiten dute eta askoren ustez
gizakiok asmatutako tresnarik onena da.
17. Ordenagailuak eta hezkuntza
(Wikipedia)
Oso anitzak dira
ordenagailuak hezkuntzan
eskaintzen dituen aukerak.
Ikasteko tresna da,
ezagutzak transmititzen
dituena, gure gaitasunak
garatzeko gai, motibatu eta
erreferentzia kultural eta
soziala ere bada.
Ordenagailua, gaur egun, pixkanaka-pixkanaka eskola, ikastola eta unibertsitate
guztietan jartzen ari da, dituen abantailak direla medio.
18. Bibliografia (Nondik atera dugu
informazioa? // Nola sakondu gaian?
http://www.dma.eui.upm.es/historia_informatica/Flash/principal.htm
http://www.jimenez-ruiz.es/ernesto/II/Historia/treball.html
http://www.monografias.com/trabajos10/recped/recped.shtml
http://www.encuentros.uma.es/encuentros119/historiainform.htm
BIDEO INTERESGARRIAK:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KC7u8-G5lQ (Sarrera)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAUFoazM7kE (Oso sinple azalduta)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCeVFBWu7to (Dokumentala)
DENBORA LERROAK (Kontzeptuak finkatzeko oso erabilgarriak)
http://timerime.com/es/linea_de_tiempo/1396189/informatikaren+historia/
http://timerime.com/es/linea_de_tiempo/1391472/informatikaren+historia+laburr
a/
