This document discusses strengthening social workers' integration of global perspectives in their practice by increasing awareness of cultural influences. It explores individualism and collectivism as aspects of culture that affect worldviews and relationships. Social workers must develop awareness of their own cultural lenses and how these impact work with clients from different cultures. Understanding dimensions like self-identity, goals, obligations, and relationships in individualist vs collectivist cultural contexts can help social workers better engage with diversity. A case example illustrates how cultural norms around confidentiality differ between individualist and collectivist perspectives.
N A S W S t a n d a r d s f o r
Cultural
Competence
i n S o c i a l W o r k P r a c t i c e
N A T I O N A L A S S O C I A T I O N O F S O C I A L W O R K E R S
2001
N A S W S t a n d a r d s f o r
Cultural
Competence
i n S o c i a l W o r k P r a c t i c e
Terry Mizrahi, MSW, PhD
NASW President (2001-2003)
Ruth W. Mayden, MSS, LSW
NASW President (1999-2001)
National Committee on Racial and
Ethnic Diversity 1999-2001
Saundra H. Starks, EdD, ACSW, LCSW
Lina Fong, PhD, ACSW, LCSW
Emma Montero, MSW
Ada E. Deer, ACSW
Inderjit K. Jaipaul, DSW, ACSW
Carmen Ortiz Hendricks, DSW, ACSW
Robert D. Showers, BSW
Clara Simmons, ACSW, DCSW
Nelrene Yellow Bird, MSW
Halaevalu F. Vakalahi, DSW
Irene Moreda, DSW
NASW Staff
Elizabeth J. Clark, PhD, ACSW, MPH,
NASW Executive Director
Leticia Diaz, MS
Luisa López, MSW
Tracy Whitaker, ACSW
5
Standard 6. Empowerment and Advocacy
Social workers shall be aware of the effect of
social policies and programs on diverse client
populations, advocating for and with clients
whenever appropriate.
Standard 7. Diverse Workforce
Social workers shall support and advocate for
recruitment, admissions and hiring, and retention
efforts in social work programs and agencies that
ensure diversity within the profession.
Standard 8. Professional Education
Social workers shall advocate for and participate
in educational and training programs that help
advance cultural competence within the profession.
Standard 9. Language Diversity
Social workers shall seek to provide or advocate
for the provision of information, referrals, and
services in the language appropriate to the client,
which may include use of interpreters.
Standard 10. Cross-Cultural Leadership
Social workers shall be able to communicate
information about diverse client groups to
other professionals.
Prepared by the
NASW National Committee
on Racial and Ethnic Diversity
Adopted by the NASW Board of Directors
June 23, 2001
4
Standards
for Cultural Competence
in Social Work Practice
Standard 1. Ethics and Values
Social workers shall function in accordance with
the values, ethics, and standards of the profession,
recognizing how personal and professional values
may conflict with or accommodate the needs of
diverse clients.
Standard 2. Self-Awareness
Social workers shall seek to develop an under-
standing of their own personal, cultural values
and beliefs as one way of appreciating the
importance of multicultural identities in the
lives of people.
Standard 3. Cross-Cultural Knowledge
Social workers shall have and continue to devel-
op specialized knowledge and understanding
about the history, traditions, values, family sys-
tems, and artistic expressions of major client
groups that they serve.
Standard 4. Cross-Cultural Skills
Social workers shall use appropriate method-
ological approaches, skills, and techniques that
reflect the workers’ understanding of the role of
culture in the helping process. .
Dissecting culture and its application to business.docxmadlynplamondon
Dissecting
culture and its
application to
business
What we’ll cover
1. What is the nature of culture?
2. Variety and variation in culture
3. How have globalisation, migration and diversity impacted on
national culture?
4. Use these insights to critically evaluate models of national culture
5. Culture traps: problems and pitfalls to avoid
6. Dynamic models of culture
7. Groupwork exercise: apply your cultural knowledge to business
practice
1. What is culture?
Read the following descriptions of national values
for China, India, Britain
•What do these descriptions tell us about the nature of
culture?
i.e. what kinds of things do we call ‘culture’?
• How long might it take an outsider to understand these
values?
So what is the nature of culture?
“a complex frame of reference that consists of patterns of traditions,
beliefs, values, norms, symbols, and meanings that are shared to varying
degrees by interacting members of a community”
(Ting-Toomey, 1999, p.10)
traditions rituals, ceremonies, rites of passage
beliefs, values, norms underlying principles governing behaviours
symbols language (verbal, non-verbal) also images
meanings Interpretations of symbols held by members
‘shared to varying degrees’ not every single member of the culture to the same degree!
‘a frame of reference’ for making sense of the world
Culture is socially constructed; a basis for shared, collective identities
What are the key
words to highlight
in this definition?
Another definition
“the coherent, learned, shared view of a group of people about life’s
concerns that ranks what is important, furnishes attitudes about what
things are appropriate, and dictates behaviour”
(Varner & Beamer, 2011, p.5)
coherent an entire, consistent world view
learned we are not born with it; culture is transmitted
view of a group agreed, shared views of a society
What are the key
words to highlight
in this definition?
The Iceberg of Culture
In awareness Visible
Out of conscious
awareness
Invisible
Self-awareness
The Iceberg of Culture Fine arts Literature
Drama Classical music Popular music
Folk dancing Games Cooking Dress
Notions of modesty Conceptions of beauty Ideas about child raising
Rules of descent Cosmology Relationship to animals Courtship practices
Patterns of superior/subordinate relations Definitions of sin
Conceptions of justice Notions of leadership Incentive to work Tempo of work
Attitudes to the dependent Approaches to problem solving
Patterns of group decision making Eye behaviour Conceptions of cleanliness
Theories of disease Conception of status mobility
Roles in relation to status by age, sex, class, occupation, kinship etc
Definition of insanity Nature of friendship Conception of self
Patterns of visual perception Body language Facial expression
Notions of logic and validity Patterns of handling emotions ...
Standardized Cultural Competency In-Service Training ProceedNCTSTA
Train staff members with this interactive presentation that includes various teaching tools such as: videos, quizzes, diagrams, visuals, discussion segments and hands-on activities to aid the learning process and maintain participant engagement.
The very objective of this presentation is to give a detailed brief picture on how Culture plays a significant role especially in the context of Global HRM coupled with few other concepts regarding the context.
I hope this PPT will serve as good reference for aspiring HR learners.
valuable feed & suggestions are most welcome :)
Happy reading... !!
Culture theory strengthens the expectation that markets work, not because they are comprised of autonomous individuals who are free of social sanctions but because they are powered by social beings and their distinctive ideas, beliefs, values, and knowledge. It can contribute to understanding and promoting development where group relationships predominate and individualism is tempered.
Business Environment - SBAA3002 - UNIT 2 Final-1.pptxHarish940427
Business environment B.Com is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or program in Commerce. The duration of the B.Com course is 3 years in India, divided into six distinct semesters. The B.Com courses list includes Marketing, accounting, entrepreneurship, various taxation and industrial laws etc.
Bachelor of Commerce is one of the more sought-after courses in the field of Commerce, as it teaches topics that are very relevant to financial organizations, banks, and businesses. Below are a few points that give us in-depth insight into why to choose BCom courses:
The course offers a wide range of subjects that cover various aspects of accounting, economics, finance, and business management.
With the growth of globalization and the rise of MNC companies in India, there has been an increasing demand for finance and commerce professionals who can manage the financial aspects of these businesses.
Moreover, the government's policies like the Make in India initiative, Digital India, and GST implementation have opened up various job opportunities for commerce graduates.
As per the AISHE report, the growth of BCom courses has been increasing at a steady pace over the years. The growth rate of B.Com courses between 2015-16 to 2019-23 has been around 9.75.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
N A S W S t a n d a r d s f o r
Cultural
Competence
i n S o c i a l W o r k P r a c t i c e
N A T I O N A L A S S O C I A T I O N O F S O C I A L W O R K E R S
2001
N A S W S t a n d a r d s f o r
Cultural
Competence
i n S o c i a l W o r k P r a c t i c e
Terry Mizrahi, MSW, PhD
NASW President (2001-2003)
Ruth W. Mayden, MSS, LSW
NASW President (1999-2001)
National Committee on Racial and
Ethnic Diversity 1999-2001
Saundra H. Starks, EdD, ACSW, LCSW
Lina Fong, PhD, ACSW, LCSW
Emma Montero, MSW
Ada E. Deer, ACSW
Inderjit K. Jaipaul, DSW, ACSW
Carmen Ortiz Hendricks, DSW, ACSW
Robert D. Showers, BSW
Clara Simmons, ACSW, DCSW
Nelrene Yellow Bird, MSW
Halaevalu F. Vakalahi, DSW
Irene Moreda, DSW
NASW Staff
Elizabeth J. Clark, PhD, ACSW, MPH,
NASW Executive Director
Leticia Diaz, MS
Luisa López, MSW
Tracy Whitaker, ACSW
5
Standard 6. Empowerment and Advocacy
Social workers shall be aware of the effect of
social policies and programs on diverse client
populations, advocating for and with clients
whenever appropriate.
Standard 7. Diverse Workforce
Social workers shall support and advocate for
recruitment, admissions and hiring, and retention
efforts in social work programs and agencies that
ensure diversity within the profession.
Standard 8. Professional Education
Social workers shall advocate for and participate
in educational and training programs that help
advance cultural competence within the profession.
Standard 9. Language Diversity
Social workers shall seek to provide or advocate
for the provision of information, referrals, and
services in the language appropriate to the client,
which may include use of interpreters.
Standard 10. Cross-Cultural Leadership
Social workers shall be able to communicate
information about diverse client groups to
other professionals.
Prepared by the
NASW National Committee
on Racial and Ethnic Diversity
Adopted by the NASW Board of Directors
June 23, 2001
4
Standards
for Cultural Competence
in Social Work Practice
Standard 1. Ethics and Values
Social workers shall function in accordance with
the values, ethics, and standards of the profession,
recognizing how personal and professional values
may conflict with or accommodate the needs of
diverse clients.
Standard 2. Self-Awareness
Social workers shall seek to develop an under-
standing of their own personal, cultural values
and beliefs as one way of appreciating the
importance of multicultural identities in the
lives of people.
Standard 3. Cross-Cultural Knowledge
Social workers shall have and continue to devel-
op specialized knowledge and understanding
about the history, traditions, values, family sys-
tems, and artistic expressions of major client
groups that they serve.
Standard 4. Cross-Cultural Skills
Social workers shall use appropriate method-
ological approaches, skills, and techniques that
reflect the workers’ understanding of the role of
culture in the helping process. .
Dissecting culture and its application to business.docxmadlynplamondon
Dissecting
culture and its
application to
business
What we’ll cover
1. What is the nature of culture?
2. Variety and variation in culture
3. How have globalisation, migration and diversity impacted on
national culture?
4. Use these insights to critically evaluate models of national culture
5. Culture traps: problems and pitfalls to avoid
6. Dynamic models of culture
7. Groupwork exercise: apply your cultural knowledge to business
practice
1. What is culture?
Read the following descriptions of national values
for China, India, Britain
•What do these descriptions tell us about the nature of
culture?
i.e. what kinds of things do we call ‘culture’?
• How long might it take an outsider to understand these
values?
So what is the nature of culture?
“a complex frame of reference that consists of patterns of traditions,
beliefs, values, norms, symbols, and meanings that are shared to varying
degrees by interacting members of a community”
(Ting-Toomey, 1999, p.10)
traditions rituals, ceremonies, rites of passage
beliefs, values, norms underlying principles governing behaviours
symbols language (verbal, non-verbal) also images
meanings Interpretations of symbols held by members
‘shared to varying degrees’ not every single member of the culture to the same degree!
‘a frame of reference’ for making sense of the world
Culture is socially constructed; a basis for shared, collective identities
What are the key
words to highlight
in this definition?
Another definition
“the coherent, learned, shared view of a group of people about life’s
concerns that ranks what is important, furnishes attitudes about what
things are appropriate, and dictates behaviour”
(Varner & Beamer, 2011, p.5)
coherent an entire, consistent world view
learned we are not born with it; culture is transmitted
view of a group agreed, shared views of a society
What are the key
words to highlight
in this definition?
The Iceberg of Culture
In awareness Visible
Out of conscious
awareness
Invisible
Self-awareness
The Iceberg of Culture Fine arts Literature
Drama Classical music Popular music
Folk dancing Games Cooking Dress
Notions of modesty Conceptions of beauty Ideas about child raising
Rules of descent Cosmology Relationship to animals Courtship practices
Patterns of superior/subordinate relations Definitions of sin
Conceptions of justice Notions of leadership Incentive to work Tempo of work
Attitudes to the dependent Approaches to problem solving
Patterns of group decision making Eye behaviour Conceptions of cleanliness
Theories of disease Conception of status mobility
Roles in relation to status by age, sex, class, occupation, kinship etc
Definition of insanity Nature of friendship Conception of self
Patterns of visual perception Body language Facial expression
Notions of logic and validity Patterns of handling emotions ...
Standardized Cultural Competency In-Service Training ProceedNCTSTA
Train staff members with this interactive presentation that includes various teaching tools such as: videos, quizzes, diagrams, visuals, discussion segments and hands-on activities to aid the learning process and maintain participant engagement.
The very objective of this presentation is to give a detailed brief picture on how Culture plays a significant role especially in the context of Global HRM coupled with few other concepts regarding the context.
I hope this PPT will serve as good reference for aspiring HR learners.
valuable feed & suggestions are most welcome :)
Happy reading... !!
Culture theory strengthens the expectation that markets work, not because they are comprised of autonomous individuals who are free of social sanctions but because they are powered by social beings and their distinctive ideas, beliefs, values, and knowledge. It can contribute to understanding and promoting development where group relationships predominate and individualism is tempered.
Business Environment - SBAA3002 - UNIT 2 Final-1.pptxHarish940427
Business environment B.Com is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or program in Commerce. The duration of the B.Com course is 3 years in India, divided into six distinct semesters. The B.Com courses list includes Marketing, accounting, entrepreneurship, various taxation and industrial laws etc.
Bachelor of Commerce is one of the more sought-after courses in the field of Commerce, as it teaches topics that are very relevant to financial organizations, banks, and businesses. Below are a few points that give us in-depth insight into why to choose BCom courses:
The course offers a wide range of subjects that cover various aspects of accounting, economics, finance, and business management.
With the growth of globalization and the rise of MNC companies in India, there has been an increasing demand for finance and commerce professionals who can manage the financial aspects of these businesses.
Moreover, the government's policies like the Make in India initiative, Digital India, and GST implementation have opened up various job opportunities for commerce graduates.
As per the AISHE report, the growth of BCom courses has been increasing at a steady pace over the years. The growth rate of B.Com courses between 2015-16 to 2019-23 has been around 9.75.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
how can I sell my pi coins for cash in a pi APPDOT TECH
You can't sell your pi coins in the pi network app. because it is not listed yet on any exchange.
The only way you can sell is by trading your pi coins with an investor (a person looking forward to hold massive amounts of pi coins before mainnet launch) .
You don't need to meet the investor directly all the trades are done with a pi vendor/merchant (a person that buys the pi coins from miners and resell it to investors)
I Will leave The telegram contact of my personal pi vendor, if you are finding a legitimate one.
@Pi_vendor_247
#pi network
#pi coins
#money
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
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how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
1. Council on Social Work Education | www.cswe.org
The Influence of Culture in Social
Work Practice: Strengthening
Global Perspectives
Joanne Corbin, PhD
Smith College
School for Social Work
2. Purpose of this Module
The purpose of this module is to
strengthen social workers’ integration of
global perspectives in their practice. This
module identifies cultural influences on
social workers’ understanding of
presenting issues, assessments, and
interventions. Examples of cultural
orientations from regions worldwide are
presented. Attention is on individualism
and collectivism as one aspect of culture.
3. Learning Objectives
1. To strengthen social workers’ cultural competency.
2. To increase awareness of how one’s cultural
orientation affects understanding of a client’s/client
system’s presenting concerns.
3. To develop knowledge of individualism and
collectivism as one aspect of culture.
4. To assess the influence of cultural orientation on
social work practice.
5. To develop more inclusive ways of exploring culture
when working with clients/client systems.
4. Relevance of Global Learning
for Social Work Practice
• The U.S. population has become increasingly ethnically,
linguistically, and culturally diverse, therefore its social
workers must be knowledgeable of client populations.
• Individuals’ multicultural experiences and backgrounds are
salient aspects of identity and social workers must develop
awareness of and skill in addressing these
intersectionalities.
• Specifically-
– U.S. social workers may work with new arrival clients/client systems and
families who hold cultural values, beliefs, and practices for which social
workers will need to increase their knowledge and skills.
– U.S. social workers will work with clients/client systems from the U.S. who
hold cultural values, beliefs, and practices for which social workers will
need to increase their knowledge and skills.
– U.S. social workers may work with clients/client systems in international
contexts with cultural values, beliefs, and practices for which social
workers will need to increase their knowledge and skills.
5. 2.1.4: Engage diversity and
difference in practice
(EPAS, 2008, p. 4-5)
• Cultural experience can shape one’s development, interactions,
and understanding of the social world.
• This module;
– engages social workers around culture and cultural
differences as an important aspect of human experience,
– encourages social workers to develop a deeper awareness of
their own cultural perspectives influencing their work and
cultural differences with clients,
– strengthens social workers’ attention to the ways culture can
impact assessment of client presenting concerns, perception
of strengths and weaknesses, and development of
interventions,
– supports social workers to identify important resources for
supporting their ongoing learning related to cultural influence
on their practice.
6. 2.1.7: Apply knowledge of human
behavior and the social environment
(EPAS, 2008, p. 6)
• Social workers are knowledgeable about human behavior across
the life course, the range of social systems in which people live,
and the ways that social systems support or hinder well-being.
• This module;
– explores the concepts of individualism and collectivism as an
aspect of culture that affects individuals’ worldview, their
sense of self, and their relationships to others,
– provides opportunities for students to reflect on and discuss
vignettes from the social work literature reflecting cultural
differences and similarities among clients and social workers
and among social workers,
– allows students to identify strategies to increase their
understanding of culture and include that understanding in
their practice.
7. NASW, 2008
Standard 1.05
• NASW Codes of Ethics: Ethical Standard of Cultural Competence
and Social Diversity (1.05) stipulates that,
– A) social workers should understand culture and its function in
human behavior and society, recognizing the strengths that
exist in all cultures,
– B) social workers should have a knowledge base of their
clients’ cultures and be able to demonstrate competence in
the provision of services that are sensitive to client’s cultures
and to differences among people and cultural groups,
– C) social workers should obtain education about and seek to
understand the nature of social diversity and oppression with
respect to race, ethnicity, national origin, color, sex, sexual
orientation, gender identity or expression, age, marital status,
political belief, religion, immigration status, and mental or
physical disability.
8. Three Conceptualizations of Culture (1)
Culture can be conceptualized as the
shared beliefs, attitudes, norms, roles,
and behaviors transmitted among
members of a group.
(Triandis, 1995)
9. Three Conceptualizations of Culture (2)
“Culture is the way of life of a society
and life patterns related to conduct or
ways of behavior, beliefs, traditions,
values, art, skills, and social
relationships. Culture perpetuates the
sharing of ideas, attitudes, values, and
beliefs among individuals of that culture.”
(Lum, 2007, p. 54)
10. Three Conceptualizations of Culture (3)
“The collective programming of the mind
that distinguishes the members of one
group or category of people from another.
… The “mind” stands for the head, heart,
and hands – that is, for thinking, feeling, and
acting, with consequences for beliefs,
attitudes, and skills. …Culture in this sense
includes values: systems of values are a
core element of culture.”
(Hofstede, 2001, pp. 9-10)
11. Unstated Assumptions of Culture
(Triandis, 1995)
• Inherent in the conceptualizations of culture is that
people within a specific culture are connected by
beliefs, norms, values, behaviors, and practices that
are often unstated.
• Individuals may not be aware of their culturally based
beliefs, values, norms and practices until they interact
with others who do not share the same cultural
experience.
• Social workers must develop an awareness of the
culturally based beliefs, values, norms, and practices
that they bring with them into their work with
individuals, families, and groups.
12. Definition of
Cultural Competence
• Cultural competence at the level of the individual social
worker:
– includes continued self-awareness and reflection of one’s own
cultural background and experiences,
– supports increased awareness and appreciation of cultures of
others,
– recognizes the differences in cultural backgrounds and
experience between self and clients and respects the client’s
cultural world in the work,
– involves continuous attention to cultural awareness,
knowledge acquisition, and skill development (Lum, 2007),
and
– includes awareness and attention to the relational nature of
the interaction between social worker and client – cross
cultural competence (Lee, 2010).
• Cultural competence does not rest solely with and in the
social worker.
13. Cross-Cultural Competency
Social Worker Client / Client System
Culture Culture
Internalized Culture Internalized Culture
Individual Characteristics Individual Characteristics
Adapted from Lee, 2010
Relational
Space of
Interaction
14. Exercise 1: Student Reflection on
Personal Culture
• Identify a cultural group or groups to which you feel
connected.
• Identify beliefs, values, norms, or practices that you
associate with that particular cultural group (groups).
• Reflect on the salience of these cultural characteristics in
your day-to-day life.
• In what ways do these cultural characteristics intersect with
your unique individual characteristics?
• Consider ways that these cultural beliefs, values, norms, or
practices may influence your social work practice with
clients or colleagues.
15. Cross Cultural Reflection
(Reflect on these areas for you and a client)
Culture: Culture:
Internalized Culture: Internalized Culture:
Individual Characteristics: Individual Characteristics:
Social Worker Client/Client System
16. Individualism and Collectivism
• One way of conceptualizing the distinctions of specific cultures is
through the constructs of individualism and collectivism.
– Also referred to as low context cultures and high context
cultures.
– Such constructs have utility in identifying shared norms about
human relationships.
• Individualism and collectivism are not exclusive; cultures have a
mixture of both.
– Important to explore what is true for an individual’s experience
of culture.
• Four dimensions can be used to describe individualism and
collectivism and dynamics underlying relationships (Triandis,
1995).
– Self
– Goals
– Obligations
– Relationships
17. Individualism
(Low Context Cultures)
• Tendency to view self as independent.
• Tendency for personal and familial/communal goals
to be unaligned.
• Tendency for social behaviors to be guided by
personal attitudes, needs, rights, and contract.
• Tendency for relationships to be guided by
consideration of advantages and disadvantages of
those relationships.
• Individuals with predominant patterns on this
dimensions may be referred to as idiocentric.
18. Collectivism
(High Context Cultures)
• Tendency to view self as interdependent.
• Tendency towards alignment of personal and
familial/communal goals.
• Tendency for social behaviors to be guided by norms,
obligations, and duties.
• Tendency for relationships to be maintained for the
importance of the social context.
• Individuals with predominant patterns on this
dimension may be referred to as allocentric.
19. Application to Social Work
(Healy Example)
• Healy (2001, p. 160) describes a Zambian social worker,
trained in the U.S., working in Zambia with an adolescent
Zambian male who had experienced legal difficulties.
• After working with this adolescent and upon returning him
to his village, the village leader and other elders in this
community wanted to know what happened and what his
condition was.
• The social worker stated that he could not share this
information due to confidentiality and needed to speak to
the adolescent’s parents.
• The village leader was stunned and bemused by the social
worker’s response.
20. Common Aspects of African
Cultural Orientation
• Collectivism is believed to be the predominant cultural orientation
in Africa (Eaton & Louw, 2000; Honwana, 2006).
– One’s identity is grounded in connection with others and to the
community (Kamya, 1997; Mbiti, 1990; Oosthuizen, 1991).
– Personal and group goals are closely aligned and decisions
are usually made based on the needs of the group (Triandis,
1995).
– Obligations and norms include gender role expectations,
hierarchy between parents and children, elders and the
community, and ancestors (Triandis, 1995).
– Relationship includes connection with individuals who are
living, ancestors, the spiritual beliefs, nature, history, and
culture (Kamya, 1997; Mbiti, 1990).
21. Exercise 2: Questions for Reflection
for Healy Example
• How might understanding the broad cultural concepts of
individualism and collectivism be useful to this social
worker in supporting this adolescents’ return home?
• Where could this social worker gain culture specific or
ethnic group specific knowledge?
• How might the social worker explore this situation from the
perspectives of 1) the adolescent, 2) the family, 3) the
elders and community? Are there other aspects of culture
that may be important to consider?
• Suppose this social worker was based in the U.S. and
returning the Zambian client to his family and extended
family that were now living in the U.S. How might a social
worker respond to the family?
22. Application to Social Work
(Shonfeld-Ringel Example)
• Shonfeld-Ringel (2001) presents a vignette of a social work
intern at a university counseling center working with a 19
year old Taiwanese female student.
– Presenting concerns were depression and suicidal
ideation.
– Client missed her family and was experiencing difficulty
adjusting to a new culture.
– Client was in the U.S. as her father’s wish to support
her brother who was studying in the U.S.
– Client’s desire was to pursue her studies in Taiwan.
23. Shonfeld-Ringel Example cont.
• The social worker wanted to help the client find her
own voice and express her own needs.
• The client’s cultural traditions placed importance on
familial over individual needs. Interdependence and
familial harmony was valued over independence.
• Therapist felt the “therapeutic task was to help the
client find her voice, learn to stand up for herself and
become more independent” (Shonfeld-Ringel, 2001,
p. 59).
24. Exercise 3: Questions for Reflection
(Related to Shonfeld-Ringel Example)
• The first step in this example may be for a social
worker to develop an awareness of how culture may
affect conceptualization of the identified issue,
biopsychosocial assessment, creation of the
therapeutic task or plan, and plan of evaluation.
– How might the social worker use her supervisor
or supervisory colleagues to increase her
awareness of cultural aspects to consider?
– How does this social worker become aware of the
cultural biases that affect her work with the client?
25. Exercise 3 cont.
Questions for Shonfeld-Ringel Example
• In what ways might this social worker engage differently
with this client once aware of the cultural values of familial
needs over individual needs or interdependence over
independence?
– Might the therapeutic focus in counseling change – if
so, how?
– How could this social worker learn about the salient
cultural values guiding this client’s decisions?
– Might the work include more involvement of family and
community relationships?
– Other considerations?
26. ‘aina Culture:
Application to Social Work
• SEER – Strengths Enhancing Evaluation
Research (2010)
– University of Hawai’i Myron B. Thompson School of
Social Work in Partnership with the Consuelo
Foundation
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEubejt8oUg
• The first 8:37 minutes of this 25 minute
video describe ‘aina culture and are the
most relevant for this exercise.
27. Exercise 4:
(Questions for ‘aina culture)
• What are key principles of ‘aina culture as discussed
in this video clip?
• Are aspects of collectivism that are evident in these
descriptions?
• How are these principles integrated into the two
programs?
• As a social worker interacting with individuals and
families from ‘aina culture what knowledge might be
useful to have as you begin developing a working
relationship.
• What issues may be important to consider as you
develop interventions with individuals and families.
28. Ways to Strengthen Culturally
Informed and Responsive Practice
• Use of supervision
– Reflect on interactions with clients and explore social worker’s
culture-based assumptions
• Become acquainted with culture specific literature
– Scholarly work
– Cultural work, i.e., culture specific poems, myths, fiction, non-
fiction, plays
• Develop relationships with cultural informants
– Connect to individuals knowledgeable about the specific
cultural experience and who can provide understanding about
country of origin contexts or conceptual differences related to
mental health or social services
• Establish a collaborative network
– Establish relationships with various community resources and
services that will be useful to supporting work with clients that
are new or unfamiliar to the area.
29. Exercise 5: Student Reflection
Strengthening culturally informed social work practice
• Consider ways that you can strengthen your attention to
culturally informed and responsive practice in your work.
– How might you ensure this becomes a part of your
supervision experience?
– Where might you locate individuals that can act as
cultural informants and navigators to enhance your
work?
– What community resources can you learn more about?
– Are there other ways to strengthen your knowledge and
skill of culturally informed and responsive practice?
30. Summary
• Develop awareness of one’s cultural background and
experiences.
• Recognize and appreciate the cultural backgrounds
and experiences of clients.
• Understand the influence of the cultural perspectives
of the social worker and client on the interaction.
– Reflect on the cross-cultural nature of social work
practice
• Gain culture specific knowledge
• Understand the meaning of culture in the client’s life.
• Develop interventions with clients that are responsive
to the cultural needs of clients.
• Assess the effect of the intervention with clients
through verbal report and change in presenting issue.
31. Cultural Competence
“…cultural competence is not developed
by choosing more correct than incorrect
responses but instead by making
thoughtful practice decisions with the best
information available and learning
through a process of reflection and
evaluation how to do better in the future.”
(Williams as cited in Williams, 2006, p. 218)
32. Suggested Readings
(supporting exercises in this module)
• Lum, D. (2007). Culturally competent practice: A framework for
understanding diverse groups and justice issues. Belmont, CA: Thomson
Books/Cole.
• Healy, L.N. (2001). International Social Work: Professional action in an
interdependent world. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Lee, E. (2010). Revisioning cultural competencies in clinical social work
practice. Families in Society, 91(3), 272-279. DOI: 10.1606/1044-3894.4005
• Shibusawa, T. & Chung, I.W. (2009). Wrapping and unwrapping emotions:
Clinical practice with East Asian immigrant elders. Clinical Social Work
Journal, 37(4), 312-319. DOI:10.1007/s10615-009-0228-y
• Shonfeld-Ringel, S. (2001). A re-conceptualization of the working alliance in
cross-cultural practice with non-western clients: Integrating relational
perspectives and multicultural theories. Clinical Social Work Journal, 29(1),
53-63.