This literature review and hypothetical study proposal explores if increased exposure to group drug activity influences the social cognition of the individual evident in increased personal drug use.
This document summarizes a research study that surveyed 837 mental health professionals to determine their views on various models of mental illness. It found that professionals' endorsement of models differed depending on the specific illness. For schizophrenia, they most endorsed a biological model followed by cognitive and behavioral aspects. For depression, a social model was most endorsed followed by cognitive and behavioral aspects, with biological being least endorsed. For antisocial personality disorder, professionals most endorsed social constructionist and nihilist models, suggesting lack of interest in viewing it as a mental illness. The implications of professionals' endorsed models are discussed, such as impacts on treatment approaches, responsibility attribution, stigma, and access to social benefits.
E-Therapy: A Critical Review of Practice Characteristics and Ethical StandardsJames Tobin, Ph.D.
A number of consumers turn to the internet to seek relief from mental distress. Research (Fox & Fallows, 2003) has found 21% of internet users search information on depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues. At the same time, a number of clinicians are engaging in the practice of “e-therapy” over the Internet. E-therapy is now used by a range of professionals and applied to a vast array of problems and conditions. Bischoff (2004) believes the interest in online based counseling is growing due to several reasons: technology is becoming increasingly sophisticated, the technology is becoming more affordable, and people are becoming more comfortable using technology as a means of communication. Furthermore, the telecommunications system will continue to increase in quality and affordability, and this will be associated with an increased user comfort. According to co-authors Lana Hunter and James Tobin, this will make it important for professionals in the mental health field to become familiar with the format and application of e-therapy available as a method of mental health treatment and the ethical and legal issues involved in choose technology as a treatment medium.
The document discusses Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), which aims to explain cognitive processes underlying behavioral change in response to threats. The theory includes threat appraisal (perceived severity, vulnerability) and coping appraisal (response efficacy, self-efficacy) components. 14 published physical activity studies testing PMT are reviewed. Most support the coping appraisal constructs as predictors of intention and behavior, with limited support for threat components. Future research directions are discussed.
Introduction To Behavioral Sciences In AdministrationMohammed Anis
The behavioral science approach studies human behavior in organizations using principles from psychology, sociology, and anthropology. It views organizations from the individual employee perspective rather than just production. The goals are to understand, predict, and influence employee behavior through motivation, leadership, communication, and other means to improve performance. The behavioral approach includes the human relations approach, which focuses on how managers relate to employees, and the behavioral science approach, which gives more value to employee attitudes, behavior, and group dynamics. The contributions of behavioral science are a better understanding of the human element in management and insights to design work situations and training programs that increase productivity and performance. The limitations include the complexity of human behavior and lack of agreement among behavioral scientists.
Albert Bandura proposed social cognitive theory and self-efficacy theory. Self-efficacy theory asserts that an individual's beliefs about their capabilities influence events that affect their lives. Bandura identified four main sources of influence on self-efficacy: enactive mastery, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological arousal. Self-efficacy theory has been widely applied in healthcare settings to guide patient education and behavior change interventions related to conditions like diabetes, smoking cessation, and exercise. The theory fits within nursing standards and ethics by aiming to optimize patient health and well-being.
This study explored the role of social and communicative interactions in facilitating prescription stimulant misuse among college students. The researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 37 students at a mid-sized university who had misused prescription stimulants. Through a qualitative analysis, they identified three primary themes in the students' discussions: 1) trusted friends prompted interpersonal use by complaining about schoolwork or directly encouraging trying the stimulants; 2) students strategically negotiated obtaining stimulants from others through partial disclosures; and 3) collective stimulant use and its social influence reinforced norms of acceptability on campus. The study suggests communicative interactions play a key role in creating environments permissive of prescription stimulant misuse.
1) Suicide research faces significant ethical challenges including obtaining approval from Institutional Review Boards to study at-risk populations, balancing participant confidentiality with safety, and developing standardized guidelines.
2) Barriers to suicide research include concerns about liability if a participant dies by suicide, lack of consensus on confidentiality and risk management protocols, and subjective biases of committee members.
3) Research on suicide bereavement is also limited due to restrictions from ethics boards despite the need to understand impacts on surviving family and friends. Improved education of ethics boards and engagement between researchers and committees could help address these challenges.
The "Wounded Healer" or the "Worried Well"? What We Know About Graduate Stu...James Tobin, Ph.D.
Doctoral programs consistently struggle with professional competence among their trainees, and numerous studies report significant numbers of expulsions from graduate study based on academic or nonacademic grounds. Widely attributed to Jung (1951), the wounded healer archetype assumes that clinicians, like all persons, have been negatively impacted by their personal histories, traumas, and interpersonal stressors. According to co-authors James Tobin and Anya Oleynik, a key role and responsibility of graduate programs in the helping professions and advanced training sites involves not only a gatekeeping function, but the capacity to identify and remediate students whose own personal challenges may be effectively resolved and transformed into the strengths ascribed to the wounded healer ideal.
This document summarizes a research study that surveyed 837 mental health professionals to determine their views on various models of mental illness. It found that professionals' endorsement of models differed depending on the specific illness. For schizophrenia, they most endorsed a biological model followed by cognitive and behavioral aspects. For depression, a social model was most endorsed followed by cognitive and behavioral aspects, with biological being least endorsed. For antisocial personality disorder, professionals most endorsed social constructionist and nihilist models, suggesting lack of interest in viewing it as a mental illness. The implications of professionals' endorsed models are discussed, such as impacts on treatment approaches, responsibility attribution, stigma, and access to social benefits.
E-Therapy: A Critical Review of Practice Characteristics and Ethical StandardsJames Tobin, Ph.D.
A number of consumers turn to the internet to seek relief from mental distress. Research (Fox & Fallows, 2003) has found 21% of internet users search information on depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues. At the same time, a number of clinicians are engaging in the practice of “e-therapy” over the Internet. E-therapy is now used by a range of professionals and applied to a vast array of problems and conditions. Bischoff (2004) believes the interest in online based counseling is growing due to several reasons: technology is becoming increasingly sophisticated, the technology is becoming more affordable, and people are becoming more comfortable using technology as a means of communication. Furthermore, the telecommunications system will continue to increase in quality and affordability, and this will be associated with an increased user comfort. According to co-authors Lana Hunter and James Tobin, this will make it important for professionals in the mental health field to become familiar with the format and application of e-therapy available as a method of mental health treatment and the ethical and legal issues involved in choose technology as a treatment medium.
The document discusses Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), which aims to explain cognitive processes underlying behavioral change in response to threats. The theory includes threat appraisal (perceived severity, vulnerability) and coping appraisal (response efficacy, self-efficacy) components. 14 published physical activity studies testing PMT are reviewed. Most support the coping appraisal constructs as predictors of intention and behavior, with limited support for threat components. Future research directions are discussed.
Introduction To Behavioral Sciences In AdministrationMohammed Anis
The behavioral science approach studies human behavior in organizations using principles from psychology, sociology, and anthropology. It views organizations from the individual employee perspective rather than just production. The goals are to understand, predict, and influence employee behavior through motivation, leadership, communication, and other means to improve performance. The behavioral approach includes the human relations approach, which focuses on how managers relate to employees, and the behavioral science approach, which gives more value to employee attitudes, behavior, and group dynamics. The contributions of behavioral science are a better understanding of the human element in management and insights to design work situations and training programs that increase productivity and performance. The limitations include the complexity of human behavior and lack of agreement among behavioral scientists.
Albert Bandura proposed social cognitive theory and self-efficacy theory. Self-efficacy theory asserts that an individual's beliefs about their capabilities influence events that affect their lives. Bandura identified four main sources of influence on self-efficacy: enactive mastery, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological arousal. Self-efficacy theory has been widely applied in healthcare settings to guide patient education and behavior change interventions related to conditions like diabetes, smoking cessation, and exercise. The theory fits within nursing standards and ethics by aiming to optimize patient health and well-being.
This study explored the role of social and communicative interactions in facilitating prescription stimulant misuse among college students. The researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 37 students at a mid-sized university who had misused prescription stimulants. Through a qualitative analysis, they identified three primary themes in the students' discussions: 1) trusted friends prompted interpersonal use by complaining about schoolwork or directly encouraging trying the stimulants; 2) students strategically negotiated obtaining stimulants from others through partial disclosures; and 3) collective stimulant use and its social influence reinforced norms of acceptability on campus. The study suggests communicative interactions play a key role in creating environments permissive of prescription stimulant misuse.
1) Suicide research faces significant ethical challenges including obtaining approval from Institutional Review Boards to study at-risk populations, balancing participant confidentiality with safety, and developing standardized guidelines.
2) Barriers to suicide research include concerns about liability if a participant dies by suicide, lack of consensus on confidentiality and risk management protocols, and subjective biases of committee members.
3) Research on suicide bereavement is also limited due to restrictions from ethics boards despite the need to understand impacts on surviving family and friends. Improved education of ethics boards and engagement between researchers and committees could help address these challenges.
The "Wounded Healer" or the "Worried Well"? What We Know About Graduate Stu...James Tobin, Ph.D.
Doctoral programs consistently struggle with professional competence among their trainees, and numerous studies report significant numbers of expulsions from graduate study based on academic or nonacademic grounds. Widely attributed to Jung (1951), the wounded healer archetype assumes that clinicians, like all persons, have been negatively impacted by their personal histories, traumas, and interpersonal stressors. According to co-authors James Tobin and Anya Oleynik, a key role and responsibility of graduate programs in the helping professions and advanced training sites involves not only a gatekeeping function, but the capacity to identify and remediate students whose own personal challenges may be effectively resolved and transformed into the strengths ascribed to the wounded healer ideal.
This study investigated the relationships between anxiety, burnout, coping styles, and personality traits among Chinese physicians. A survey was administered to 1274 physicians measuring anxiety, burnout, coping styles (positive and negative), and personality traits. The results showed that positive and negative coping styles partially mediated the relationship between burnout and anxiety. Personality traits were found to moderate the strength of the relationship between burnout and anxiety when mediated by positive coping styles, but not when mediated by negative coping styles. This study provides insight into factors influencing anxiety levels among physicians in China.
Dementia And Aggression Psy 492 M7a2 Levea. Bhannah06
The document summarizes several studies that examined ways to reduce aggression in dementia patients through improved care methods. The studies found that:
1) Aggression decreased when medications like haloperidol were reduced or withdrawn and patients received care in special dementia units.
2) Caregiver training on understanding dementia and patient-centered care led to fewer aggressive behaviors from patients, lower caregiver stress, and less need for physical restraints.
3) Understanding factors like medical issues, communication problems, and patient histories that could influence behaviors helped develop more effective multi-faceted care approaches.
With better training and patient-centered care, facilities saw reduced costs from things like medications and hospitalizations, along with improved
Specifying the “Critical Thinking” Construct in Clinical Psychology Training:...James Tobin, Ph.D.
Critical thinking is a complex multidimensional construct whose presence in academic and training curriculums in psychology has largely been limited to scientific courses on research methodology that focus on the logical analysis of data, hypothesis support/refutation and inference-making. Yet the CT competencies required to function as a clinical psychologist expand beyond the analytic and inferential skills pertinent to the scientific method. Graduate training in clinical psychology has been criticized for not cultivating in students a more refined and contextualized set of CT skills that is directly applicable to their future career roles. Specifically, an alternative model of CT that emphasizes specific dispositional and attitudinal components central to self-experience has been lacking. For the psychotherapist, utilizing self-experience in a reflective and informed manner is a primary meta-cognitive ability that appears highly related to the capacity to form efficacious relationships with clients and to treatment outcome. The current project seeks to conceptualize an alternative model of CT uniquely relevant for clinical psychology training.
This document analyzes how peers label and stigmatize other youth with mental illness using Modified Labeling Theory. It finds that self-labeling predicts negative outcomes for youth but some refuse clinical labels. Anti-stigma campaigns using contact with those with mental illness and youth-led initiatives show effectiveness, though effects may decline after the program ends. The theory is then used to evaluate components of anti-stigma campaigns.
The role of theory in bridging interdisciplinary research with evidence-based...Patrick Connolly
The role of theory in shaping and translating research into practice is neglected in the field of psychology at present. Internationally, there has been a growing call for development of an integrative theoretical framework within which research results can be understood as well as applied. A recent article in Nature Human Behaviour (Muthukrishna & Henrich, 2019), has proposed that the replication crisis currently facing the psychological sciences is the result of the lack of development of such integrative theoretical frameworks. Those authors propose that researchers should confine the questions that they ask, and the analyses that they do, to the predictions made within a particular theoretical framework. This is an important suggestion, because without a coherent theory, research results can only ever be applied to practical questions as a heuristic (or problem-solving strategy). It is suggested here that this state of affairs is the reason for the most common critical challenge made of research for evidence-based practice, which is the problem of knowing which intervention to apply, in which way, to which person, at what time, by which professional, and so on. Only a coherent theoretical framework can address these problems in applying research to practice. Finally, following Tretter and Loeffler-Statska (2018), it is proposed that systems theory (including information theory) is the best candidate for a integrative clinical theory framework that not only has potential of successfully bridging different disciplines, but also integrating the key assumptions and propositions of most dominant theories of psychology today.
This document discusses a study on self-identification with major depressive disorder (MDD) among undergraduate college students. The study examined how exposure to diagnostic criteria and different patient accounts affected self-identification with MDD. Results showed those exposed to diagnostic criteria and an account of a clinically diagnosed patient were more likely to identify themselves as having MDD, compared to those exposed to other patient accounts or no additional information. The document provides background on rising internet use, depression prevalence among college students, and issues with primary care physicians prescribing antidepressants without oversight from mental health professionals. It argues proper diagnosis and long-term treatment are needed but often lacking.
The document discusses behavioral sciences and medicine. It outlines three levels of study for human beings - natural sciences, behavioral sciences, and humanities. The behavioral sciences paradigm studies individuals, groups, and the context of illness. The interface between individual and society involves morality, social processes, psychological theories of health and illness, epidemiology, healthcare systems, and economics. Tomorrow's doctors need knowledge, attitudes, and skills in individuals, groups, society, communication, consultation, and ethics. The role of behavioral sciences is important for doctors to have high regard, meet expectations, and acquire the five qualities of a profession.
Order #163040071 why risk factors of cardiovascular diseases are mjack60216
This document outlines a research proposal to study why cardiovascular disease risk factors are more prevalent among Hispanics in Florida. The proposal includes an introduction discussing relevant background literature, hypothesized significance and importance of the study, a proposed methodology involving collecting data on Hispanics and a control group, and an expected timeline and budget. The proposal would analyze risk factors like high cholesterol, blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, and smoking among Hispanics and potential causes like a lack of risk awareness.
Cognitive executive functions and Opioid Use DisorderOlga Scrivner
This study examined the impact of psychosocial stressors and opioid use disorder on cognitive executive functions in 46 participants with opioid use disorder. The Iowa Gambling Task and Opioid Word Stroop test assessed emotional and logic executive functions. Better social stability and food security were associated with worse cognitive performance, while cannabis use was linked to better performance. Concurrent polysubstance use was also tied to enhanced cognitive function. The small sample size limited conclusions, but food security, cannabis use, and drug stigma warrant further study regarding their influence on executive function.
By practicing mindfulness techniques such as awareness, attention, intention, non-judgment, and open-mindedness, individuals can decrease discriminatory behaviors. Mindfulness helps form new schemas about others, increase empathy, and reduce stereotypes. However, some argue that studies of mindfulness rely on norms that are discriminatory themselves by being based on Western ideals. Additionally, the long-term effects of brief mindfulness practices are unclear. While mindfulness may help reduce discrimination, more research is still needed, such as on its effects across different age groups and on the body's stress response systems.
The document discusses ethics in nursing research. It defines ethics in nursing research as following moral principles to ensure the rights and welfare of research participants. It emphasizes protecting vulnerable groups from harm, safeguarding participants from exploitation, and obtaining informed consent. The key ethical principles discussed are beneficence, respect for human dignity, and justice. Research must establish a favorable risk-benefit ratio and respect participants' autonomy, privacy, and right to fair treatment.
This document discusses a research study investigating predictive factors that influence the mental health status of Australia's university students. The study examines physical activity, social and emotional wellbeing, and sporting club involvement as predictive factors. It measures these factors across personal, university, home, and community domains. The study aims to establish patterns of association between the predictive factors and students' mental health status using a mixed methods approach involving quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis.
Ravi Amruth's presentation at the inaugural [2013] Teesside University Undergraduate Research Conference, in which he presented his original piece of research into deliberate self-harm.
This document discusses ethics in social science and health research. It defines key terms like research, social science research, and health research. It outlines the symbiotic relationship between health and social science research, noting that social factors must be considered in health research and vice versa. The document also examines debates around ethical issues in social science research, such as power dynamics and risks to participants. It provides an overview of different types of ethics review for research protocols and discusses navigating ethics through principles like those in the Belmont Report.
The role of burnout syndrome as a mediator for the effect of psychosocial r...Tahereh Gholami
This study examined the relationship between psychosocial risk factors, burnout syndrome, and the intensity of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among hospital nurses. A sample of 415 nurses from various hospitals in Iran completed questionnaires measuring psychosocial risk factors, burnout, and MSD intensity. The results of structural equation modeling showed that psychosocial risk factors were significantly related to changes in burnout levels, and higher burnout in turn was related to greater reported intensity of MSDs. This supports the hypothesis that burnout mediates the effect of psychosocial risk factors on MSD intensity among nurses.
EMPHNET-PHE Course: Module02: ethical principles and theories and the core pr...Dr Ghaiath Hussein
This document provides an overview of different ethical theories and principles relevant to public health practice and research. It discusses major philosophical approaches like deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics. It also covers religious approaches like Islamic ethics and key principles in public health ethics around concepts like autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Specific issues like informed consent, conflicts of interest, and resource allocation are examined through the lens of these different theories. The document aims to help public health practitioners analyze and approach ethical issues in their work.
This document discusses ethics and bioethics. It defines ethics as determining the best course of action and providing reasons for moral behavior. Bioethics explores ethical issues related to life sciences. When addressing bioethical questions, it is important to consider: what is the ethical question being asked, what are the relevant facts, who may be affected by how the question is resolved, and what ethical principles like respect for persons, minimizing harm and maximizing benefit, and fairness apply. Proper ethical reasoning requires considering multiple perspectives, weighing different considerations, and justifying one's position without relying on moral absolutism or ethical relativism. The document provides several examples of controversial bioethical issues.
This document summarizes a review of published literature on the effects of high school start times on sleep and other outcomes. The review identified 18 relevant studies, including 10 cross-sectional studies and 8 prospective cohort studies. Meta-analyses found that later school start times, particularly over 60 minutes later, were associated with longer sleep durations on school nights, reduced daytime sleepiness, and smaller differences between school night and weekend night sleep. The evidence for effects on academic performance is less conclusive. Overall, the review found some benefits of delayed school start times but noted limitations in the quality of evidence.
Rahma Morgan ElshazlyAssignment Evidence-based Project (P.docxaudeleypearl
Rahma Morgan Elshazly
Assignment: Evidence-based Project (Part 2)
9/14/19
Matrix Worksheet Template
Use this document to complete Part 2 of the Module 2 Assessment, Evidence-Based Project, and Part 1: An Introduction to Clinical Inquiry and Part 2: Research Methodologies
Full citation of selected article
Article #1
Article #2
Article #3
Article #4
Kim, E., Furlong, M., Dowdy, E., & Felix, E. (2014). Exploring the Relative Contributions of the Strength and Distress Components of Dual-Factor Complete Mental Health Screening. Canadian Journal Of School Psychology, 29(2), 127-140. DOI: 10.1177/0829573514529567
Rückert, H. (2015). Students׳ mental health and psychological counseling in Europe. Mental Health & Prevention, 3(1-2), 34-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2015.04.006
Dieser, R., Christenson, J., & Davis-Gage, D. (2014). Integrating flow theory and the serious leisure perspective into mental health counseling. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 28(1), 97-111. DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2014.944883
Laux, J., Calmes, S., Moe, J., Dupuy, P., Cox, J., & Ventura, L. et al. (2018). The Clinical Mental Health Counseling Needs of Mothers in the Criminal Justice System. The Family Journal, 19(3), 291-298. DOI: 10.1177/1066480711405823
Why you chose this article and/or how it relates to the clinical issue of interest (include a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest)
The article was considered since it is related to mental health counseling which is the clinical area of interest. The article relates to the area of interest since it focuses on mental health screening and its relationship to the dual-factor approach. The research article enriches the area under consideration by providing information on the best avenues to improve mental health outcomes.
The article was chosen since it focused on mental health and the relationship to psychological counseling among students. The article seeks to offer information on how an understanding of mental health can be applied in counseling to improve on the health outcomes.
The article focuses on mental health counseling as it relates to the serious leisure perspective and flow theory. The article relates to the clinical area of interest since it seeks to improve mental health counseling. The article acknowledges that various models have been utilized in mental health counseling and adoption of new methods is critical to success of mental health counseling.
The research deals with the mental health needs of mothers within the prison system. The study was informed by the fact that the community does not seem to care about incarcerated mothers. The study seeks to ensure that the mothers received the needed help to ensure mental wellbeing. The research contributes to the clinical area of interest since it helps shape a discussion regarding mental health in rehabilitation centers.
Brief description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article
The research was aime ...
MARY REVIEW1.Chan, G. & Yanos, P. T. (2018). Media depictions .docxalfredacavx97
MARY REVIEW
1.Chan, G. & Yanos, P. T. (2018). Media depictions and the priming of mental illness stigma. Stigma and Health, 3(3), 253-264. http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=8&sid=66026bf7-aa09-4bcd-a73a-7b9d3e35bcc7%40pdc-v-sessmgr01&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPXNoaWImc2l0ZT1lZHMtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=2017-15491-001&db=pdh (Links to an external site.)
2. Neuman, W. L. (2017). Understanding Research (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Pearson.
3. The topic discussed in the article I chose is mental illness. The article discusses the question of the affect the media plays in regards to one's perception of mental illness. The study designed involves the random assignment of individuals to descriptions of a violent accident. Some descriptions were left unaltered while others were manipulated to mention the term and concept of mental illness. Chan and Yanos (2018) state "we also examined the potential moderating impact of cognitive styles and preexisting attitudes and beliefs."
4. I would say this research is descriptive
5. Experimental
6. Results found that participants are likely to associate mental illness with violent outbursts when stated throughout media. I think this was used for applied social research. Chan and Yanos (2018) state "roughly, 43% of the participants in the experimental condition reported the cause of the incident as related to mental illness, in contrast with only 2% of participants in the control condition." When asked to provide a recount of the article 42% of participants mentioned mental illness while none of the participants of the control group did (Chan & Yanos, 2018).
7. In an unscientific method one can simply ask the question of does mental illness make one violent? Asking a question such as this doesn't entail proper research but a simple yes or no question. Research isn't completed to discover why individuals may have these particular beliefs.
8. Do you think or know of research that discovered why individuals may have these beliefs?
Kenneth Review
1. Article citation.
Steffens, N. K., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., & Mols, F. (2018). Our Followers Are Lions, Theirs Are Sheep: How Social Identity Shapes Theories About Followership and Social Influence. Political Psychology, 39(1), 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12387
2. Book citation.
Neuman, W. L. (2017). Understanding research. Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.
3. Title and topic.
Our Followers Are Lions, Theirs Are Sheep: How Social Identity Shapes Theories About Followership and Social Influence.
This article is fascinating to say the least. It speaks on the idea that people see followers of other groups as being less of an ideal follower, see them as not being an effective follower, and see members of their own group as being “better” overall. This non effective follower is seen as more conformist, blindly following what they are told, and unable to be think for themselves. Conversely, they see their own group as dynamic free thinkers, active, thoug.
This study investigated the relationships between anxiety, burnout, coping styles, and personality traits among Chinese physicians. A survey was administered to 1274 physicians measuring anxiety, burnout, coping styles (positive and negative), and personality traits. The results showed that positive and negative coping styles partially mediated the relationship between burnout and anxiety. Personality traits were found to moderate the strength of the relationship between burnout and anxiety when mediated by positive coping styles, but not when mediated by negative coping styles. This study provides insight into factors influencing anxiety levels among physicians in China.
Dementia And Aggression Psy 492 M7a2 Levea. Bhannah06
The document summarizes several studies that examined ways to reduce aggression in dementia patients through improved care methods. The studies found that:
1) Aggression decreased when medications like haloperidol were reduced or withdrawn and patients received care in special dementia units.
2) Caregiver training on understanding dementia and patient-centered care led to fewer aggressive behaviors from patients, lower caregiver stress, and less need for physical restraints.
3) Understanding factors like medical issues, communication problems, and patient histories that could influence behaviors helped develop more effective multi-faceted care approaches.
With better training and patient-centered care, facilities saw reduced costs from things like medications and hospitalizations, along with improved
Specifying the “Critical Thinking” Construct in Clinical Psychology Training:...James Tobin, Ph.D.
Critical thinking is a complex multidimensional construct whose presence in academic and training curriculums in psychology has largely been limited to scientific courses on research methodology that focus on the logical analysis of data, hypothesis support/refutation and inference-making. Yet the CT competencies required to function as a clinical psychologist expand beyond the analytic and inferential skills pertinent to the scientific method. Graduate training in clinical psychology has been criticized for not cultivating in students a more refined and contextualized set of CT skills that is directly applicable to their future career roles. Specifically, an alternative model of CT that emphasizes specific dispositional and attitudinal components central to self-experience has been lacking. For the psychotherapist, utilizing self-experience in a reflective and informed manner is a primary meta-cognitive ability that appears highly related to the capacity to form efficacious relationships with clients and to treatment outcome. The current project seeks to conceptualize an alternative model of CT uniquely relevant for clinical psychology training.
This document analyzes how peers label and stigmatize other youth with mental illness using Modified Labeling Theory. It finds that self-labeling predicts negative outcomes for youth but some refuse clinical labels. Anti-stigma campaigns using contact with those with mental illness and youth-led initiatives show effectiveness, though effects may decline after the program ends. The theory is then used to evaluate components of anti-stigma campaigns.
The role of theory in bridging interdisciplinary research with evidence-based...Patrick Connolly
The role of theory in shaping and translating research into practice is neglected in the field of psychology at present. Internationally, there has been a growing call for development of an integrative theoretical framework within which research results can be understood as well as applied. A recent article in Nature Human Behaviour (Muthukrishna & Henrich, 2019), has proposed that the replication crisis currently facing the psychological sciences is the result of the lack of development of such integrative theoretical frameworks. Those authors propose that researchers should confine the questions that they ask, and the analyses that they do, to the predictions made within a particular theoretical framework. This is an important suggestion, because without a coherent theory, research results can only ever be applied to practical questions as a heuristic (or problem-solving strategy). It is suggested here that this state of affairs is the reason for the most common critical challenge made of research for evidence-based practice, which is the problem of knowing which intervention to apply, in which way, to which person, at what time, by which professional, and so on. Only a coherent theoretical framework can address these problems in applying research to practice. Finally, following Tretter and Loeffler-Statska (2018), it is proposed that systems theory (including information theory) is the best candidate for a integrative clinical theory framework that not only has potential of successfully bridging different disciplines, but also integrating the key assumptions and propositions of most dominant theories of psychology today.
This document discusses a study on self-identification with major depressive disorder (MDD) among undergraduate college students. The study examined how exposure to diagnostic criteria and different patient accounts affected self-identification with MDD. Results showed those exposed to diagnostic criteria and an account of a clinically diagnosed patient were more likely to identify themselves as having MDD, compared to those exposed to other patient accounts or no additional information. The document provides background on rising internet use, depression prevalence among college students, and issues with primary care physicians prescribing antidepressants without oversight from mental health professionals. It argues proper diagnosis and long-term treatment are needed but often lacking.
The document discusses behavioral sciences and medicine. It outlines three levels of study for human beings - natural sciences, behavioral sciences, and humanities. The behavioral sciences paradigm studies individuals, groups, and the context of illness. The interface between individual and society involves morality, social processes, psychological theories of health and illness, epidemiology, healthcare systems, and economics. Tomorrow's doctors need knowledge, attitudes, and skills in individuals, groups, society, communication, consultation, and ethics. The role of behavioral sciences is important for doctors to have high regard, meet expectations, and acquire the five qualities of a profession.
Order #163040071 why risk factors of cardiovascular diseases are mjack60216
This document outlines a research proposal to study why cardiovascular disease risk factors are more prevalent among Hispanics in Florida. The proposal includes an introduction discussing relevant background literature, hypothesized significance and importance of the study, a proposed methodology involving collecting data on Hispanics and a control group, and an expected timeline and budget. The proposal would analyze risk factors like high cholesterol, blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, and smoking among Hispanics and potential causes like a lack of risk awareness.
Cognitive executive functions and Opioid Use DisorderOlga Scrivner
This study examined the impact of psychosocial stressors and opioid use disorder on cognitive executive functions in 46 participants with opioid use disorder. The Iowa Gambling Task and Opioid Word Stroop test assessed emotional and logic executive functions. Better social stability and food security were associated with worse cognitive performance, while cannabis use was linked to better performance. Concurrent polysubstance use was also tied to enhanced cognitive function. The small sample size limited conclusions, but food security, cannabis use, and drug stigma warrant further study regarding their influence on executive function.
By practicing mindfulness techniques such as awareness, attention, intention, non-judgment, and open-mindedness, individuals can decrease discriminatory behaviors. Mindfulness helps form new schemas about others, increase empathy, and reduce stereotypes. However, some argue that studies of mindfulness rely on norms that are discriminatory themselves by being based on Western ideals. Additionally, the long-term effects of brief mindfulness practices are unclear. While mindfulness may help reduce discrimination, more research is still needed, such as on its effects across different age groups and on the body's stress response systems.
The document discusses ethics in nursing research. It defines ethics in nursing research as following moral principles to ensure the rights and welfare of research participants. It emphasizes protecting vulnerable groups from harm, safeguarding participants from exploitation, and obtaining informed consent. The key ethical principles discussed are beneficence, respect for human dignity, and justice. Research must establish a favorable risk-benefit ratio and respect participants' autonomy, privacy, and right to fair treatment.
This document discusses a research study investigating predictive factors that influence the mental health status of Australia's university students. The study examines physical activity, social and emotional wellbeing, and sporting club involvement as predictive factors. It measures these factors across personal, university, home, and community domains. The study aims to establish patterns of association between the predictive factors and students' mental health status using a mixed methods approach involving quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis.
Ravi Amruth's presentation at the inaugural [2013] Teesside University Undergraduate Research Conference, in which he presented his original piece of research into deliberate self-harm.
This document discusses ethics in social science and health research. It defines key terms like research, social science research, and health research. It outlines the symbiotic relationship between health and social science research, noting that social factors must be considered in health research and vice versa. The document also examines debates around ethical issues in social science research, such as power dynamics and risks to participants. It provides an overview of different types of ethics review for research protocols and discusses navigating ethics through principles like those in the Belmont Report.
The role of burnout syndrome as a mediator for the effect of psychosocial r...Tahereh Gholami
This study examined the relationship between psychosocial risk factors, burnout syndrome, and the intensity of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among hospital nurses. A sample of 415 nurses from various hospitals in Iran completed questionnaires measuring psychosocial risk factors, burnout, and MSD intensity. The results of structural equation modeling showed that psychosocial risk factors were significantly related to changes in burnout levels, and higher burnout in turn was related to greater reported intensity of MSDs. This supports the hypothesis that burnout mediates the effect of psychosocial risk factors on MSD intensity among nurses.
EMPHNET-PHE Course: Module02: ethical principles and theories and the core pr...Dr Ghaiath Hussein
This document provides an overview of different ethical theories and principles relevant to public health practice and research. It discusses major philosophical approaches like deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics. It also covers religious approaches like Islamic ethics and key principles in public health ethics around concepts like autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Specific issues like informed consent, conflicts of interest, and resource allocation are examined through the lens of these different theories. The document aims to help public health practitioners analyze and approach ethical issues in their work.
This document discusses ethics and bioethics. It defines ethics as determining the best course of action and providing reasons for moral behavior. Bioethics explores ethical issues related to life sciences. When addressing bioethical questions, it is important to consider: what is the ethical question being asked, what are the relevant facts, who may be affected by how the question is resolved, and what ethical principles like respect for persons, minimizing harm and maximizing benefit, and fairness apply. Proper ethical reasoning requires considering multiple perspectives, weighing different considerations, and justifying one's position without relying on moral absolutism or ethical relativism. The document provides several examples of controversial bioethical issues.
This document summarizes a review of published literature on the effects of high school start times on sleep and other outcomes. The review identified 18 relevant studies, including 10 cross-sectional studies and 8 prospective cohort studies. Meta-analyses found that later school start times, particularly over 60 minutes later, were associated with longer sleep durations on school nights, reduced daytime sleepiness, and smaller differences between school night and weekend night sleep. The evidence for effects on academic performance is less conclusive. Overall, the review found some benefits of delayed school start times but noted limitations in the quality of evidence.
Rahma Morgan ElshazlyAssignment Evidence-based Project (P.docxaudeleypearl
Rahma Morgan Elshazly
Assignment: Evidence-based Project (Part 2)
9/14/19
Matrix Worksheet Template
Use this document to complete Part 2 of the Module 2 Assessment, Evidence-Based Project, and Part 1: An Introduction to Clinical Inquiry and Part 2: Research Methodologies
Full citation of selected article
Article #1
Article #2
Article #3
Article #4
Kim, E., Furlong, M., Dowdy, E., & Felix, E. (2014). Exploring the Relative Contributions of the Strength and Distress Components of Dual-Factor Complete Mental Health Screening. Canadian Journal Of School Psychology, 29(2), 127-140. DOI: 10.1177/0829573514529567
Rückert, H. (2015). Students׳ mental health and psychological counseling in Europe. Mental Health & Prevention, 3(1-2), 34-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2015.04.006
Dieser, R., Christenson, J., & Davis-Gage, D. (2014). Integrating flow theory and the serious leisure perspective into mental health counseling. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 28(1), 97-111. DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2014.944883
Laux, J., Calmes, S., Moe, J., Dupuy, P., Cox, J., & Ventura, L. et al. (2018). The Clinical Mental Health Counseling Needs of Mothers in the Criminal Justice System. The Family Journal, 19(3), 291-298. DOI: 10.1177/1066480711405823
Why you chose this article and/or how it relates to the clinical issue of interest (include a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest)
The article was considered since it is related to mental health counseling which is the clinical area of interest. The article relates to the area of interest since it focuses on mental health screening and its relationship to the dual-factor approach. The research article enriches the area under consideration by providing information on the best avenues to improve mental health outcomes.
The article was chosen since it focused on mental health and the relationship to psychological counseling among students. The article seeks to offer information on how an understanding of mental health can be applied in counseling to improve on the health outcomes.
The article focuses on mental health counseling as it relates to the serious leisure perspective and flow theory. The article relates to the clinical area of interest since it seeks to improve mental health counseling. The article acknowledges that various models have been utilized in mental health counseling and adoption of new methods is critical to success of mental health counseling.
The research deals with the mental health needs of mothers within the prison system. The study was informed by the fact that the community does not seem to care about incarcerated mothers. The study seeks to ensure that the mothers received the needed help to ensure mental wellbeing. The research contributes to the clinical area of interest since it helps shape a discussion regarding mental health in rehabilitation centers.
Brief description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article
The research was aime ...
MARY REVIEW1.Chan, G. & Yanos, P. T. (2018). Media depictions .docxalfredacavx97
MARY REVIEW
1.Chan, G. & Yanos, P. T. (2018). Media depictions and the priming of mental illness stigma. Stigma and Health, 3(3), 253-264. http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=8&sid=66026bf7-aa09-4bcd-a73a-7b9d3e35bcc7%40pdc-v-sessmgr01&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPXNoaWImc2l0ZT1lZHMtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=2017-15491-001&db=pdh (Links to an external site.)
2. Neuman, W. L. (2017). Understanding Research (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Pearson.
3. The topic discussed in the article I chose is mental illness. The article discusses the question of the affect the media plays in regards to one's perception of mental illness. The study designed involves the random assignment of individuals to descriptions of a violent accident. Some descriptions were left unaltered while others were manipulated to mention the term and concept of mental illness. Chan and Yanos (2018) state "we also examined the potential moderating impact of cognitive styles and preexisting attitudes and beliefs."
4. I would say this research is descriptive
5. Experimental
6. Results found that participants are likely to associate mental illness with violent outbursts when stated throughout media. I think this was used for applied social research. Chan and Yanos (2018) state "roughly, 43% of the participants in the experimental condition reported the cause of the incident as related to mental illness, in contrast with only 2% of participants in the control condition." When asked to provide a recount of the article 42% of participants mentioned mental illness while none of the participants of the control group did (Chan & Yanos, 2018).
7. In an unscientific method one can simply ask the question of does mental illness make one violent? Asking a question such as this doesn't entail proper research but a simple yes or no question. Research isn't completed to discover why individuals may have these particular beliefs.
8. Do you think or know of research that discovered why individuals may have these beliefs?
Kenneth Review
1. Article citation.
Steffens, N. K., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., & Mols, F. (2018). Our Followers Are Lions, Theirs Are Sheep: How Social Identity Shapes Theories About Followership and Social Influence. Political Psychology, 39(1), 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12387
2. Book citation.
Neuman, W. L. (2017). Understanding research. Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.
3. Title and topic.
Our Followers Are Lions, Theirs Are Sheep: How Social Identity Shapes Theories About Followership and Social Influence.
This article is fascinating to say the least. It speaks on the idea that people see followers of other groups as being less of an ideal follower, see them as not being an effective follower, and see members of their own group as being “better” overall. This non effective follower is seen as more conformist, blindly following what they are told, and unable to be think for themselves. Conversely, they see their own group as dynamic free thinkers, active, thoug.
Children and antisocial personality disorderalbrandon
Children who exhibit antisocial behavior and conduct problems are more likely to develop antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) as adults. ASPD is characterized by behaviors such as breaking laws, lying, aggression, and lack of remorse. Several studies examined links between childhood abuse, homelessness, ADHD, conduct disorder, and adult criminal behavior or ASPD. While the literature cannot say definitively that childhood conduct problems cause ASPD, it raises the possibility. Interventions in childhood may help reduce antisocial behavior and the potential development of ASPD, but more research is needed to identify the most effective intervention approaches for different disorders.
10 STRATEGIC POINTS
2
10 STRATEGIC POINTS
2
Factors that Influence Utilization of Public Mental Health Services
RSD-851: Residency: Dissertation
Grand Canyon University
October 5, 2020
10 Strategic Points
My Degree: Ph.D.
Program Emphasis: Industrial Organizational Psychology
Ten Strategic Points
Comments or Feedback
Broad Topic Area
Factors that Influence Utilization of Public Mental Health Services
Lit Review
(Theoretical Framework (Theory)
Gaps
Themes
All Citations
Gaps
A. Basu, Rehkopf, Siddiqi, Glymour, & Kawachi (2016). According to the authors, there is a gap here in the changes being experienced in social policies in recent years. It has created a gap among women with low income in South Texas. Accordingly, the authors used the determination of the differences in income to understand the relationships between health outcomes and welfare reforms as it impacts the less privileged women in comparison to the most affected women.
B. Ly, A. (2019). This study focused on the factors that influence the utilization of mental health among Vietnamese Americans and the barriers to seeking help in Texas. The study had 12 participants including providers and community leaders who were familiar with the target population. The findings of the study indicated that there is a gap here in cultural acceptance of mental health treatment. Hence the need to culturally specify mental health intervention to improve mental health utilization in the community. However, the study was limited by the small sample size; therefore, the findings cannot be generalized. Further studies should include more cultural groups to validate the findings of this research.
C. Kwan, P. P., Soniega-Sherwood, J., Esmundo, S., Watts, J., Pike, J., Sabado-Liwag, M., & Palmer, P. H. (2020). The authors of this study aimed to evaluate the facilitators and barriers to mental health utilization among Pacific Islanders. Semi structure interviews were used to collect information from 12 pacific islanders. Trained community leaders recruited eligible candidates for the study. The study was limited by the small sample size. Five themes arose from the study. There is a gap here in regard to cost of healthcare, mental health stigma and language and culture barriers, which were the themes that emerged concerning barriers affecting the utilization of mental health services. The researchers indicated the need for future studies to include a larger sample size to enable generalization of the findings.
D. Volkert, J., Andreas, S., Härter, M., Dehoust, M. C., Sehner, S., Suling, A., . . . Schulz, H. (2018). The aim of this study was to evaluate various aspects of the utilization of mental health services among the elderly. The study had 3,142 participants aged between 65-84 years. Logic regression approach was used to analyze predisposing, enabling, and need factors among the participants. Similarly, the study found that there is ...
10 STRATEGIC POINTS
2
10 STRATEGIC POINTS
2
Factors that Influence Utilization of Public Mental Health Services
RSD-851: Residency: Dissertation
Grand Canyon University
October 5, 2020
10 Strategic Points
My Degree: Ph.D.
Program Emphasis: Industrial Organizational Psychology
Ten Strategic Points
Comments or Feedback
Broad Topic Area
Factors that Influence Utilization of Public Mental Health Services
Lit Review
(Theoretical Framework (Theory)
Gaps
Themes
All Citations
Gaps
A. Basu, Rehkopf, Siddiqi, Glymour, & Kawachi (2016). According to the authors, there is a gap here in the changes being experienced in social policies in recent years. It has created a gap among women with low income in South Texas. Accordingly, the authors used the determination of the differences in income to understand the relationships between health outcomes and welfare reforms as it impacts the less privileged women in comparison to the most affected women.
B. Ly, A. (2019). This study focused on the factors that influence the utilization of mental health among Vietnamese Americans and the barriers to seeking help in Texas. The study had 12 participants including providers and community leaders who were familiar with the target population. The findings of the study indicated that there is a gap here in cultural acceptance of mental health treatment. Hence the need to culturally specify mental health intervention to improve mental health utilization in the community. However, the study was limited by the small sample size; therefore, the findings cannot be generalized. Further studies should include more cultural groups to validate the findings of this research.
C. Kwan, P. P., Soniega-Sherwood, J., Esmundo, S., Watts, J., Pike, J., Sabado-Liwag, M., & Palmer, P. H. (2020). The authors of this study aimed to evaluate the facilitators and barriers to mental health utilization among Pacific Islanders. Semi structure interviews were used to collect information from 12 pacific islanders. Trained community leaders recruited eligible candidates for the study. The study was limited by the small sample size. Five themes arose from the study. There is a gap here in regard to cost of healthcare, mental health stigma and language and culture barriers, which were the themes that emerged concerning barriers affecting the utilization of mental health services. The researchers indicated the need for future studies to include a larger sample size to enable generalization of the findings.
D. Volkert, J., Andreas, S., Härter, M., Dehoust, M. C., Sehner, S., Suling, A., . . . Schulz, H. (2018). The aim of this study was to evaluate various aspects of the utilization of mental health services among the elderly. The study had 3,142 participants aged between 65-84 years. Logic regression approach was used to analyze predisposing, enabling, and need factors among the participants. Similarly, the study found that there is ...
Mental Illness Stigma and the Fundamental Components ofSuppo.docxandreecapon
Mental Illness Stigma and the Fundamental Components of
Supported Employment
Patrick W. Corrigan, Jonathon E. Larson, and Sachiko A. Kuwabara
Illinois Institute of Psychology
Purpose/Objective: The success of supported employment programs will partly depend on the endorse-
ment of stigma in communities in which the programs operate. In this article, the authors examine 2
models of stigma—responsibility attribution and dangerousness—and their relationships to components
of supported employment—help getting a job and help keeping a job. Research Method/Design: A
stratified and randomly recruited sample (N � 815) completed responses to a vignette about “Chris,” a
person alternately described with mental illness, with drug addiction, or in a wheelchair. Research
participants completed items that represented responsibility and dangerousness models. They also
completed items representing 2 fundamental aspects of supported employment: help getting a job or help
keeping a job. Results: When participants viewed Chris as responsible for his condition (e.g., mental
illness), they reacted to him in an angry manner, which in turn led to lesser endorsement of the 2 aspects
of supported employment. In addition, people who viewed Chris as dangerous feared him and wanted to
stay away from him, even in settings where people with mental illness might work. Conclusions/
Implications: Implications for understanding supported employment are discussed.
Keywords: stigma, supported employment, discrimination
The disabilities of serious mental illness can block people from
obtaining important life goals, including a good job. Several kinds
of vocational rehabilitation programs have emerged to address
work-related disabilities. Some of these approaches are known as
train-place strategies (Corrigan & McCracken, 2005). Through an
education-based strategy, in train-place programs, participants
must learn prevocational and work readiness skills before they are
placed in work settings. These work settings are often sheltered;
that is, the job is “owned” by a rehabilitation agency, which can
protect participants from stressors (Corrigan, 2001). Alternatively,
supported employment is place-train in orientation. People are
placed in real-world work and subsequently provided training and
support to address problems as they emerge, thereby helping a
person to maintain a regular job. The latter group has dominated
recent supported employment models for people with psychiatric
disabilities (Bond et al., 2001; Bond, Becker, Drake, & Vogler, 1997).
Some forms of supported employment recommend rapid placement
of people in work settings of interest to them (Becker & Drake, 2003).
Unlike train-place programs, supported employment does not
try to protect people with disabilities from the work world (Cor-
rigan, 2001; Corrigan & McCracken, 2005). Instead, providers
offer direct support in vivo. This kind of approach is more suc-
cessful in communities where the intent of supported ...
This document discusses various approaches to understanding and treating anxiety, including trait, humanistic, cognitive, biological, behavioral, social, and psychoanalytical approaches. It provides examples of studies that have used each approach. Trait studies found links between traits and anxiety disorders in children. Biological and cognitive approaches have been useful in treating conditions like PTSD and social phobias. Behavioral studies demonstrated social benefits from reducing peer rejection. Psychoanalysis has provided important relationships for children. Overall the document outlines several major psychological approaches for conceptualizing and addressing anxiety and provides research examples to support each approach.
introduction
Sociology and psychology in public health
Theories of sociology and psychology
Sociological and psychology methods, investigations and interventions.
Developing interventions to change health-related behaviour and;
Conclusion
ARTICLE REVIEW
10
Why do people discriminate and stigmatize the mentally ill youths and how can this behavior be dealt with?
Toshia R. Hardman
UMUC
BEHS 495 Advance Seminar in Social Science
21 April 2019
Running head: ARTICLE REVIEW III
2
Gordon, l. R., Krieger, N., Okechukwu, C. A., Haneuse, S., Samnaliev, M., Charlton, B. M., & Austin, S. B. (2017). Decrements in health-related quality of life associated with gender nonconformity among U.S. adolescents and young adults. Quality of Life Research, 2129-2138.
The journal represent psychology by studying changes in the mind and psychology through exploration of health worsening and quality of life. Gender nonconformity refers to a scenario where individuals exhibit characteristics that are common with the opposite gender. Gender nonconforming persons complain of discrimination from both sides of gender. The study identified everyday stressors facing gender non-conforming persons, which were compared to health-related quality of life (HRQRL) while focusing on young people as respondents.
Research findings revealed that gender nonconformity was directly related to several social problems such as discernment that may lead to the development of mental illnesses. Respondents identified; depression, discomfort, unusual activity, and mobility obstinacy as common problems they go through. The study recommended an aggregated initiative from all social quarters to put up efforts focused awareness on gender nonconformity. In relation to the research question, gender non-conformity on of the reasons why young people are discriminated. To deal with stigma and discernment, aggregated efforts are required to promote awareness and change a social behavior.
Corrigan, P. W., Bink, A. B., Fokuo, J. K., & Schmidt, A. (2015). The public stigma of mental illness means a difference between you and me. Psychiatry Research, 226(1), 186-191.
The article studies human behaviors, human culture and functioning of the mind, touching on three disciplines; anthropology, psychology and sociology. People with a mental health condition suffer from discrimination from the public a vice that bumps their road to recovery. Upon recovery, the society offer a cold shoulder hampering their repatriate to social status. The study inspected the psychometrics of several assessments of supposed transformation from an individual through mental illness. A comparison of mental illness and other ailments was done and basis of supposed dissimilarity scale were likened.
The results revealed a positive relationship between differential scores and stereotypes and a negative correlation with affirming attitudes. In conclusion, the study showed an efficient ration of stigma change where individuals have gone through mental illness as their perception shift following their experience. Outcomes from the experiment offer remedy the research question. Human form discriminating tendencies based on accounts they have not experien.
This document summarizes a research study evaluating the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapy group for adolescents who engage in self-harming behavior. The study took place at a community mental health center with 3 participants referred for self-harm indications. The 6-week CBT group focused on emotion regulation and positive coping skills to reduce self-harm impulses. A literature review found that deliberate self-harm is often linked to difficulties regulating emotions and trauma histories. Research suggests CBT and related therapies like dialectical behavior therapy can help challenge thoughts and behaviors related to self-harm by improving emotion regulation and problem-solving skills. The study aimed to evaluate whether the CBT group was effective in treating self-harming behaviors and associated emotions
Pender's health promotion model from 1982 explains factors that influence healthy behaviors. The model identifies individual characteristics, cognitions regarding behaviors, and interpersonal/situational influences as impacting behavioral outcomes. It draws from expectancy value theory and social cognitive theory. Research has applied the model to areas like cancer screening, HIV care, smoking cessation, and health behaviors in homeless women. The model provides a framework for nurses to assess factors impacting patients' health behaviors and design interventions accordingly.
Early Psychological Research On Cognitive And The Nature...Carmen Martin
Early psychological research emphasized observable behaviors but later incorporated studying internal processes like cognitions. Assessing internal experiences typically involves self-report questionnaires, which have limitations. To address some limitations, researchers have adopted ecological momentary assessment using smart devices, which can query participants about thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in the moment over time, reducing memory reliance. However, self-report still involves biases, and EMA introduces awareness biases. Nisbett and Wilson referred to removing time as key to decreasing accuracy in self-reporting.
This paper explores attribution theory and the importance of individual attribution styles. It discusses how attribution styles can influence one's interpretation of positive and negative events and shape responses to environmental cues. The paper reviews literature showing links between negative attribution styles and poorer academic performance, health outcomes, immune functioning, and mental health. Cultural factors like individualism/collectivism and religious beliefs may help determine one's attribution style. The actor-observer asymmetry also provides insight into positive attribution styles.
Application of Applied Behavior Analysis to Mental Health Issu.docxarmitageclaire49
Application of Applied Behavior Analysis to Mental Health Issues
Mark T. Harvey
Florida Institute of Technology
James K. Luiselli
The May Institute, Inc.
Stephen E. Wong
Florida International University
The theoretical and conceptual basis for behavior analysis emerged from the fields of
experimental psychology, physiology, and philosophy, effectively melding theory with
scientific rigor. Behavior analysis has since expanded from controlled laboratories into
applied settings, including hospitals, clinics, schools, family homes, and communities.
Much of the early research in applied behavior analysis (ABA) included participants
with mental health disorders and developmental disabilities. ABA research for persons
with developmental disabilities is vibrant and expansive; however, there is a paucity of
recent research in behavior analytic assessment and treatment for persons with mental
health diagnoses. This article describes how ABA technology can advance mental
health services for children and adults utilizing a multidisciplinary approach to link
professionals from psychology, psychiatry, and other associated disciplines to optimize
patient outcomes. Discussion focuses on historic applications of behavior analysis,
opportunities, and barriers in the mental health field, and ways in which ABA can
contribute to a multidisciplinary treatment approach.
Keywords: applied behavior analysis, functional behavior assessment, functional analysis, con-
tingency management, acceptance and commitment therapy
The etiology of mental illness is believed to
be a complex interaction between genetics,
physiology, neurobiology, and environmental
factors that lead to psychological, physiologi-
cal, and/or behavioral changes. When these de-
viations differ significantly from societal norms
and interfere with one’s ability to function in
daily life, the person may be diagnosed with a
mental disorder (American Psychiatric Associ-
ation, 2000). Often a licensed physician, psy-
chiatrist, or psychologist assesses an individual,
diagnoses a mental disorder, and then desig-
nates a treatment plan for that individual. Al-
though an interdisciplinary approach, wherein
representatives from various disciplines such as
medicine, psychiatry, clinical psychology, neu-
roscience, education, social work, and behavior
analysis convene to devise a treatment plan
would be preferable, the logistics and resources
required limit this practice to select clinical
facilities. We posit that behavior analysis,
which includes refined techniques for teaching
and motivating adaptive behavior, should be an
integral part of a multidisciplinary approach to
mental health services. Combining technologies
derived from behavior analysis and other disci-
plines could broaden our understanding of men-
tal disorders, expand the range of available in-
terventions, and improve therapeutic outcomes
and client satisfaction.
This article briefly examines early applied be-
havior analysis (ABA) resear.
The document summarizes a study that used Q-methodology to examine college males' perceptions of their mental health. Nine college students, including five males, sorted statements about mental health into categories of agreement. Results showed the strongest opinions were about self-harm. Both genders viewed resources and culture/family as important influences. Limitations included a small sample size drawn only from one university department. Future research could focus statements specifically on self-harm and resources to better understand students' needs.
For my final project I am choosing the environmental influences on.docxrhetttrevannion
For my final project I am choosing the environmental influences on personality particularly about childhood experiences and their effect on an individual’s personalities. I am contrasting childhood experiences that are caused by their environment to the effect on their personality, I will use the correlation research method. A questionnaire will be used in order to obtain the information I would need. This method would admit me to have a larger sample base, have a better image of the relationship, and numerous variables providing for better research circumstances down the road. The disadvantage to this technique would be, I would not have a personal relationship from those apart of the study and this could cause a lack of dishonesty. Second, establishing a questionnaire that was both dependable and accurate could be an issue. Lastly, I would only get a view at what those in the group went through.
Ethically, I would run into a problem of confidentiality and making sure all of the questionnaires were kept secret and those taking them were offered secrecy. Anyone who take part in the activity would be able to eliminate themselves from the research if they wanted to and if they left the documents it would be destroyed. I would maintain their best interest and would be real and honest with them regarding what the study is being used for and why it was being done. Still, because there isn’t a personal relationship but just general on this could be difficult to prove and cause doubt and that could be an ethical crisis.
References:
APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2017) (PDF, 272KB)
APA Manual (Publication manual of the American Psychological Association). (2010). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Cervone, D. (2019). Personality theory and research (14th ed.). Danvers, MA: John Wiley &sons.
1
PSY 216 LITERATURE REVIEW TEMPLATE 7
PSY 216 Literature Review Template
Student Name
Institution Affiliation
Course Number and Name
Submission Date
Article One
What is the title of the article? Provide a citation for the article in APA format.
Birth Order Effects on Personality and Various Achievement within Families.
Paulhus, D.L., Trapnell, P.D.,& Chen, D. (1999). Birth Order Effects on Personality and various Achievement within Families. Psychology Science, 10(6), 482-488.
What is the purpose of the article, and how does the purpose relate to personality development?
The main objective of this research article is generally to investigate on the effect of character and diverse achievements that occur due to confinement order.
What is the hypothesis of the study? In other words, what claims do the authors make in the article?
Throughout the literature review reading, it is clear that firstborn mostly stayed nominated as attaining and contentious. Concurrent, most children, born later, were profoundly stated to be most insubordinate and courteous.
What variables (factors) are being looked .
Health Psychology and Depression Research Proposal HW.docxbkbk37
This research proposal examines the self-perceptions and stigma that prevent elderly patients with depression from receiving adequate care. The proposal analyzes 5 peer-reviewed studies from the past 5-7 years on health psychology and depression. The studies show that stigmatizing attitudes towards depression in the elderly are common and act as barriers to treatment. Patients fear discrimination and have misconceptions about depression. General practitioners also often overlook depression or see it as normal in old age. The proposal aims to further understand how these issues impact elderly patients' access to medication, social support and therapy.
Running Head ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH1ADVANCED NURSING RES.docxtoddr4
Running Head: ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH
1
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH
4
Advanced Nursing Research (Research Study)
Student Name
Institution-Affiliated
Different Parts of a Research Study
Research topic
A systematic review of the association between stigma and or on help-seeking among mental health patients.
Research Problem
Stigma or the process of labelling, discrimination and prejudice towards individuals suffering from mental health problems is considered to have numerous adverse consequences compared to the health conditions themselves according to Thornicroft, Mehta, Clement, Evans-Lacko, Doherty, Rose & Henderson, (2016). In addition, research has found stigma to be responsible for the failure of numerous individuals suffering from mental health to seek help from both their close relatives or trusted individuals and from healthcare providers (Clement, Schauman, Graham, Maggioni, Evans-Lacko, Bezborodovs, Thornicroft, 2015).
Given an increase in mental health disorders and the challenges that such disorders pose to both individuals and society, numerous studies have been conducted to examine the association between stigma and help-seeking among mental health patients. However, research has largely focused on the attitudes that constitute stigma towards mental health patients and little on the interventions required to reduce or eradicate stigma. Moreover, since the failure to reduce stigma prevents mental health patients from seeking help and hence worsening their conditions, there is need for further studies regarding the association between stigma and help-seeking and the need to reduce stigma making the study not only relevant but significant.
Research purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the association between stigma and help-seeking among mental health patients and to identify proven strategies or actionable recommendation for reducing stigma.
Research objectives
The objective of the study will be to (1) Explore the extent to which stigma posses a barrier to help-seeking among mental health patients, (2) Identify whether stigma affects certain populations more than others and (3) propose strategies that can help reduce stigma.
Research question
The study will aim to answer the following questions (1) What is the association between stigma towards mental health patients and help-seeking? (2) To what extent does stigma constitute a barrier to the search for help among mental health patients and (3) Are there populations that are more deterred from seeking help due to stigma?
Research hypothesis
Ho: Stigma towards mental health patients deters them from seeking help
Ha: There is no association between stigma and the search for help among mental health patients.
In addition, the study hypothesizes that a reduction in stigma would result in increased help-seeking among mental health patients.
References
Clement, S., Schauman, O., Graham, T., Maggioni, F., Evans-Lacko, S., Bezborodovs, N., ... & Thornicroft, G. (2.
Running Head ADVANCE NURSING RESEARCH 1 .docxtoddr4
This document provides a literature review on the experiences of mothers who care for children with muscular dystrophy. It discusses four main themes found in the literature: 1) The lifestyle of being a primary caregiver contributes to maternal stress and affects well-being, 2) Mothers experience difficulty adjusting to their child's condition, 3) Maternal anxiety is directly related to quality of life, and 4) Mothers struggle with coping. The review synthesizes findings from eight research studies and relates the topic to the discipline of psychology. It concludes by noting gaps in understanding the lived experiences of these mothers and the need for further research.
Running Head ADVANCE NURSING RESEARCH 1 .docxhealdkathaleen
This document provides a literature review on the experiences of mothers who care for children with muscular dystrophy. It discusses four main themes found in the literature: 1) The lifestyle of being a primary caregiver contributes to maternal stress and affects well-being, 2) Mothers experience difficulty adjusting to their child's condition, 3) Maternal anxiety is directly related to quality of life, and 4) Mothers struggle with coping. The review synthesizes findings from eight research studies and relates the topics of maternal distress to other disciplines like psychology. It concludes that further research is needed to better understand the lived experiences of these mothers.
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4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
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1. Running head: FINAL PROJECT SUBMISSION 1
(7-2) Final Project Submission: Research Investigation
Alexandra Perkins
Southern New Hampshire University
2. FINAL PROJECT SUBMISSION 2
Article One
Citation of Literature
Corrigan, P. W., & Penn, D. L. (2015). Lessons from social psychology on discrediting
psychiatric stigma. Stigma and Health, 1(S), 2–17. https://doi-
org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/10.1037/2376-6972.1.S.2
Authors’ Claims
The claim is the theories and findings from social psychology literature on stigma reduction
provide potential solutions to reduce the stigmatization of mentally ill individuals. The purpose
of this article is to provide information of past, present and future tactics for reducing public
stigma regarding mental illness. Strategies such as protest, education, and contact are discussed
as well as potential discrepancies of these approaches and how to combat them.
Influence of Factors on Social Thinking
Stereotypes are identified as learned knowledge structures and are passed on throughout
generations; the most popular of the stereotypes toward mental illness being fear and exclusion,
authoritarianism and benevolence. These stereotypes keep the mentally ill feared and isolated
from communities, they remove their personal liberties and have others make decisions for them
or patronize them into child-like states. The proposed strategies are used to help eliminate the
stigma and behavior associated with such for the health of the community and the mentally ill
individual.
Historical Significance
Previously, a compilation of such research and focus specifically on social psychology literature
has not been explored. The authors sought to share research to elaborate on a previous article in
order to “better integrate the fields of social and clinical psychology”.
3. FINAL PROJECT SUBMISSION 3
ResearchMethods and Design
This article does not include an experimental quality, but rather relies on a plethora of previously
published articles for support. This article follows an archival research design.
Ethics
This study follows ethical guidelines. All information used to support the argument was properly
cited and peer reviewed by other professionals in the field of psychology. This article serves as a
suggestion for social action to be adopted by community sources.
Article Two
Citation of Literature
Antony, M. M., Monforton, J., & Vickers, K. (2012). "If only I didn't embarrass myself in front
of the class!": Social anxiety and upward counterfactual thinking. Journal of Social and
Clinical Psychology, 31(3), 312-328.
doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/101521jscp2012313312
Authors’ Claims
The authors of this study analyze the relationship between social anxiety and upward
counterfactual thinking (U-CFT). Specifically, researchers claim uncontrollable scenarios
increase U-CFT, depression, perfectionism and rumination in individuals who exhibit social
anxiety disorder.
Influence of Factors on Social Thinking
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is “characterized by intense and persistent fears”, specifically a
fear of being embarrassed in social situations which causes the individual to avoid these
contexts. Individuals with SAD often engage in upward counterfactual thought processes,
thoughts that reflect a positive outcome of a negative situation.
4. FINAL PROJECT SUBMISSION 4
Historical Significance
The results of this research are significant because upward counterfactual thought had not been
analyzed in a test group with social anxiety symptoms and in its incorporation of both college
students and members of the community. U-CFT had been analyzed in participants with PTSD
and depression; however, factors that measure the cognitive vulnerability of social anxiety had
not previously been explored.
ResearchMethods and Design
This experimental research design included 88 participants separated into two groups, one group
read a controllable scenario and the other an uncontrollable scenario. The hypothesis of the
researchers predicted that positive affect scores would decrease, and negative affect scores would
increase from the baseline after the scenario in both environments; this hypothesis was
supported.
Ethics
This study followed ethical guidelines by obtaining informed consent and briefing the
participants of the study before it started. The participants were compensated for their
participation as promised, however, there was no mention of debriefing which could reflect an
ethical concern.
Article Three
Citation of Literature
Goodman, S. H., Howard, L. M., McCallum, M., Pariante, C. M., Pearson, R. M., Stein, A.,
Rahman, A., & Rapa, E. (2014). Effects of perinatal mental disorders on the fetus and
child. The Lancelet, 384(9956), 1800-1819. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-
6736(14)61277-0
5. FINAL PROJECT SUBMISSION 5
Authors’ Claims
The research in this article highlights that perinatal mental disorders have negative impacts on
the fetus and child although intervention strategies can be implemented. Factors such as
parenting techniques, socioeconomic status and social health can either increase or decrease the
impact of perinatal mental disorders.
Influence of Factors on Social Thinking
Research providing intervention and mediation for the prevalence of mental disorders in children
who have parents that also suffer from MI can be used to decrease the influence these disorders.
Factors attributing to socioeconomic status and parenting techniques that help to limit the impact
of these illnesses can be implemented to promote positive mental health in children despite
biological and other limiting factors.
Historical Significance
Previously, an article highlighting both the effects of perinatal mental disorders and techniques
for intervention and mediation had not been explored. The structure of this research includes not
only data from several reputable sources elucidating the expansive effect of perinatal disorders
across several psychopathological diagnosis but combines this information with parenting
techniques and other feasible interventions.
ResearchMethods and Design
This article does not include an experimental quality, but rather relies on a plethora of previously
published articles for support. This article follows an archival research design.
Ethics
This study follows ethical guidelines. All information used to support the argument was properly
cited and peer reviewed by other professionals in the field of psychology. The purpose of this
6. FINAL PROJECT SUBMISSION 6
article is to highlight the significance of intervention and mediation techniques to improve the
mental health of children with parents who exhibit perinatal mental disorders.
Article Four
Citation of Literature
Fukuyama, Y., Ishigooka, J., Iwao, M., Miura, S., Murasaki, M., & Suzuki, M. (1998).
Demographic features of patients seeking cosmetic surgery. Psychiatry & Clinical
Neurosciences, 52(3), 283–287. https://doi-org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/10.1046/j.1440-
1819.1998.00388.x
Authors’ Claims
The research claims that a significant portion of the population that receive cosmetic surgery
suffer from a diagnosable psychiatric illness. The two most prevalent diagnoses being mood
disorders and hypochondriacal (with a focus on dysmorphophobia, non-delusional).
Influence of Factors on Social Thinking
The statistically significant percentage of mentally ill individuals seeking cosmetic surgery
suggests that mental disorders and increased sensitivity to interpersonal relationships are driving
factors for body modifications. Majority of the test subjects, regardless of their relation to mental
illness, were preoccupied with their appearance during adolescence. The influence of both
mental illness and body image remain significant motivators for individuals pursuing cosmetic
surgery.
Historical Significance
Body image and its relation to cosmetic surgery has been studied in women, however this study
emphasizes the influence of gender in combination with associated mental illness. Additionally,
7. FINAL PROJECT SUBMISSION 7
this study was conducted with a Japanese population which reflects the specific socio-cultural
aspects of the population’s mental illness.
ResearchMethods and Design
The subjects of this correlational research design were 415 patients (130 male: 285 female) who
sought cosmetic surgery from 1980 to 1997. Patients received a psychiatric evaluation prior to
the surgery to measure diagnosable psychiatric conditions and recorded their motivators for
cosmetic surgery including interpersonal relationships, perceived attractiveness level and
avoidance of work/school.
Ethics
This study does not include mention of the criteria used to meet ethical guidelines. There is no
mention of informed consent or briefing. However, considering this study was conducted in
1998, the American Psychiatric Association’s guidelines had not yet been published.
Article Five
Citation of Literature
Fleury, M., Goering, P., Kirst, M., Krausz, M., Patterson, M., Schutz, C., Somers, J. M.,
Strehlau, V., Stergiopoulos, V., Urbanoski, K., & Veldhuizen, S. (2018). Effects of
comorbid substance use disorders on outcomes in a Housing First intervention for
homeless people with mental illness. Addiction, 113(1), 137–145.
Authors’ Claims
The authors’ claim reflects that Housing First programs (housing provided with treatment) are
equally effective between those suffering with and without comorbid substance use disorders
(SUD). Housing for individuals suffering from SUD that is not contingent upon abstinence or
treatment is more effective than conditional housing.
8. FINAL PROJECT SUBMISSION 8
Influence of Factors on Social Thinking
The prevalence of mental illness (MI) in the homeless population is significant, but equally
concerning is the percentage of individuals with comorbid SUD; “SUD and MI may be both a
cause and consequence of homelessness”. Successful treatment for both MI and SUD reflects
decreased levels of homelessness and increased community functioning.
Historical Significance
While previous research has explored the impact of Housing First (HF) programs on MI
individuals comorbid SUD, this study specifically explores HF success in comparison to TAU.
ResearchMethods and Design
This correlational research design included 2154 participants from 2009 to 2013 who were
randomized into two groups, HF and TAU. Measurements of days housed, community
functioning, general health and mental health symptoms were recorded.
Ethics
While this study neglects to directly mention obtaining informed consent, it does explicitly state
that it was approved by the “Research Ethics Boards of seven institutions, including all
institutions at which the core investigation team members were employed”.
Gap Identification
The studies that were analyzed included a multitude of factors influencing social cognition
including stigma, social anxiety, parental mental illness, cosmetic surgery and homeless
substance abuse. While concepts of social beliefs/judgements, genetics and behavior were well
represented, a gap in the pressures of conformity needs to be explored. Analyzing the influence
of the group and subsequent conformity based on the environment has significant impact on
9. FINAL PROJECT SUBMISSION 9
individual social cognition. Situations involving substance abuse may reflect strong evidence of
group influence and conformity; this is the focus of the research gap.
ResearchQuestion
Does increased exposure to group drug activity influence the social cognition of the individual
evident in increased personal drug use?
ResearchDesign
This correlational research design will include 300 participants from several treatment centers for
recovering addicts. The participants will record their age, race, gender and other identifying
characteristics. The treatment centers selected will range in geographic position in hopes of
diversifying responses. The participants will be given a survey to answer to record the details of
their drug use history. Potential survey questions are included in a separate document. These
responses will record the correlation between exposure to group drug activity and increased
personal drug use. The hypothesis will be supported if responses clearly connect group drug
exposure to increased personal drug use. Questions addressing the social cognition of the
individual will gauge whether the pressures of the group influenced their drug histories.
Issues of Ethics
Ethical concerns will be addressed by obtaining informed consent from adult participants prior to
commencement of the study. Participants will be briefed of the nature of these questions and how
they can be triggering for a recovering addict. Additionally, consent will also be obtained from
members of the individuals treatment team (i.e. psychiatrist, counselor). Participants will remain
anonymous, only identifiable by a test subject number and characteristics like gender, race and
age. Upon conclusion of the study, participants will be debriefed including their role in the
researched obtained and what the research will be applied to in the future. These ethical concerns
10. FINAL PROJECT SUBMISSION 10
were informed through suggestions from my professor and peers as well as other unethical case
studies such as the Stanford Prison Experiment.