The Indus Valley civilization developed advanced agricultural techniques using irrigation systems and tools like the plow. They grew many crops at a large scale. Sports in the Indus Valley involved weapons used for hunting and warfare to develop strategic thinking. Cities were carefully planned and constructed using unique building strategies. The civilization started as farmers moved between mountain homes and river valleys, related to sites identified in the Ghaggar-Hakra River Valley. The Indus Valley religion was polytheistic with influences from later Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. Some seals depict gods like Shiva and Rudra. The civilization declined possibly due to changes in geography and climate, including flooding and shifts of the Indus River.

1. INDUS VALLEY
CIVILIZATION
By: M.MahadZaheer

3. Agriculture
• Harappans grew wheat, barley, pulses, peas, rice,
sesame, linseed, and mustard. They also
developed some new tools known as plough and
was used to dig earth for planting the seeds and
turning the soil. A method of irrigation was used due
to less rainfall.
• As the people of the Indus valley had harnessed
the power of irrigation systems and water
supply, it allowed the people to provide for
themselves and others in a stationary manner and
produce crops at a mass extent, allowing them to
neglect their old nomadic ways.

4. Sports
• The Indus Valley civilization (2500-1550 BC)
played sport with weapons that were used in
hunting and in war, like the bow and arrow,
the toran (javelin) and the chakra (discus).
This extended beyond just the physical. Games
were created to inculcate a mindset for war
strategy.

5. Architecture
• The Indus Valley held cities and towns that shared
unique building strategies throughout their survival in
history. The people of the civilisation were extremely
intelligent and advanced for their time, learning quickly
the uses of different building materials and tools, and
the best structural layouts for the towns.

6. Formation
• It started when farmers from the mountains gradually
moved between their mountain homes and the lowland
river valleys, and is related to the Hakra Phase,
identified in the Ghaggar-Hakra River Valley to the west,
and predates the Kot Diji Phase (2800–2600 BCE,
Harappan 2), named after a site in northern Sindh,
Pakistan.

7. Religion
• The Indus Valley religion is polytheistic and is made up
of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. There are many
seals to support the evidence of the Indus Valley Gods.
Some seals show animals which resemble the two gods,
Shiva and Rudra.

8. The Down Fall
• Many historians believe the Indus civilisation collapsed
because of changes to the geography and climate of the
area. Movements in the Earth's crust (the outside layer)
might have caused the Indus river to flood and change
its direction.