Indirect speech acts franklin
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The document discusses indirect speech acts, which correspond to the extra actual function of a direct speech act. It provides examples of utterances and their direct and indirect acts. It discusses John Searle's theory that speakers have access to both the literal (direct) and nonliteral (indirect) speech act. Searle argued that hearers use their knowledge of felicity conditions, context, and cooperative principles to infer the intended indirect speech act. However, this view does not fully account for the idiomatic nature of many indirect speech acts.
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Indirect speech acts franklin
- 2. Indirect Speech Acts They correspond to “the extra actual function” of a direct speech act.
- 3. Utterance Direct act Indirect act Would you mind passing Question Request me the ashtray? Why don’t you finish your question Request drink and leave? I must ask you to leave my statement Order / request house. Leave me and I’ll jump in Order and statement threat the river.
- 4. Problem: How do people recognize indirect acts? Searle (1975) Speakers have acces to both, the literal (direct) and nonliteral (indirect) speech act.
- 5. 8.23 a. Can you pass the salt? b. Please pass the salt. 8.24 a. I wish you wouldn’t do that. b. Please don’t do that. 8.24 a. Aren’t you going to eat your cereal? b. Please eat your cereal Searle: the two speech acts are available to the hearer. How it is that these but not all nonliteral acts will work?
- 6. Felicity conditions!!! 8.26 Conditions for requesting (Searle 1975: 71) [where S= speaker, H= hearer, A= the future action] a. Preparatory condition: H is able to perform A. b. Sincerity condition: S wants H to do A. c. Propositional condition: S predicates a future act A of H. d. Essential condition: Counts as an attempt by S to get H to do A.
- 7. a. Can you pass the salt? an indirect request can be made by asking (or stating) wether a preparatory condition holds (H is able to perform A.) b. I wish you wouldn’t do that. It states that the sincerity condition holds (S wants H to do A.) c. Aren’t you going to eat your cereal? It asks whether the propositional content condition holds. (S predicates a future act A of H)
- 8. 8.4.2 Understanding indirect speech acts Searle: We combine our knoledge of three elements to support a chain of inference: The felicity conditions of direct speech acts. The context of the utterance. The principles of conversational cooperation.
- 9. Can you pass the salt? It violates the felicity condition for a question. But the assumption of cooperative principles leads the hearer to search for some other point for the utterance. Context: at meals, we ussually pass the salt: it is a request!!!
- 10. Problem: this view does not take into account the idiomatic quality of many indirect acts Compare: Can you pass me the salt? Are you able to pass me the salt? Are you able to please pass me the salt?
- 15. Finally...