Indian Literature_Introduction_____.pptx

1. In India, many brides
use the “Bichiya”, a
wedding ring for the
toe.

2. VIDEO

4. Indian
Mythology

5. Hinduism
A diverse body of religion, philosophy,
and culture practice native to and
predominant in India, characterized by
a belief in reincarnation and a
supreme being of many forms and
natures, and by a desire for liberation
from earthly evils.

6. Vishnu
• one of the three main gods in Hindu
religion
• “the preserver” and has many
avatars:
• Krishna
• Rama
• Brahma
• Shiva

7. 1. Indian Literature is based on piety
(virtue, goodness), a deeply religious
spirit.
2. Indian literary masterpieces were
written in a form of epic which
corresponds to the History of India.
Ramayana and Mahabharata
They also believe in Reincarnation
Introduction to Indian
Literature

8. Sanskrit –
Means “cultivated and perfected”
The common ancestral language in which the
Indian Literature was derived from.
 Vedas –
Serves as the Bible of the Indian
These contains hymns addressed to the Indian
gods.
 Sanskrit Literature –
This is the term for the literature of India.
Review: Introduction to Indian Literature

9. • A Hindu or Buddhist doctrine
believed that a person is to be
reborn successively into one of the
five classes of living beings:
1. god
2. human
3. animal
4. hungry ghost
5. denizen of evil

10. Video

11. RAMAYANA
Background

14. RAMAYANA – originally entitled Kaavyam
Ramayanam Kritsnam Sitaayaas
Charitham Mahat
• The original Ramayana, which is told by
VALMIKI, is comprised of seven “kandas”
or books.

15. • Ramayana is one of the longest
ancient epics in world literature.
• It consists of:
• 480, 002 words (quarter length of
the full text of Mahabharata or
about four times the length of Iliad),
• nearly 24,000 verses
• divided into seven kandas (books)
• about 500 sargas (chapters).

16. DASHARATHA
KAIKEYI
KAUSHLAYA
SUMITRA
RAMA
BHARATA
SATRUGHNA
LAKSHMANA

17. RAMA
KAIKEYI
string a bow
CROWN
BHARATA
SITA
2 wishes
BANISH RAM IN THE
FOREST FOR 14 years
Once saved Dasharatha
Convinced by her maid to ask for
the king to grant the promised
wishes

18. Major Characters
• Dasaratha—King of Ayodhya, whose eldest son is
Rama.
• Rama—Dasaratha’s first born son, upholder of
Dharma (correct conduct and duty). He is regarded as
an avatar of the god Vishnu.
• Sita—Rama’swife and daughter of King Janaka of
Mithila. She is the epitome of womanly, purity and
virtue.
• Lakshmana—Rama’s younger brother by
Dasaratha’s third wife, Sumitra.
• Kaushlaya—Dasaratha’s chief wife, the mother of
Rama.

19. Major Characters
• Kaikeyi—Dasaratha’s wife and Rama’s
stepmother.
• Bharata—Rama’s brother by Queen Kaikeyi.
• Sumitra—Dasaratha’s third wife, mother of the twin
Lakshmana and Satrughna.
• Ravana—The ten-headed king of Lanka who
abducted Sita.
• Sugriva—The ruler of the monkey kingdom.
• Hanuman—A leader of the monkey tribe, he has
many magical powers because his father is the god
of the wind.
• Nandi the bull—prophesized the defeat of Ravana.

20. • Ravana was a devotee of Lord Shiva.
• Sita’s name during the exile was
Vaidehi.
• The white stripes on a squirrel’s body
were given by Lord Rama.
• Nandi, the bull, had cursed Ravana. He
said that monkeys will become a cause
of his destruction.
• Lakshmana killed three sons of Ravana:
Meghnad, Prahast and Atikay.

21. Guide Questions:
1. Why was the king of Ayodha
considered as an “unhappy king”?
2. How does Rama impress King
Janaka and win over Sita’s hand in
marriage?
3. What are the two thing asked by
Kaikeyi from Dasaratha?
4. Why is Rama not angered by his
father’s request?
5. How does Ravana abducted Sita?

22. Time for
viewing!

23. RAMAYANA
Major
Themes

24. • Rama and Sita come to embody the
ideals of matrimony through their
devotion and love for each other.
• Rama inspires loyalty among his people
for his nobility, while Sita’s self-sacrifice is
seen as the ultimate demonstration of
chastity.
• Lakshmana, who chose to be exiled with
Rama, embodies familial loyalty.
• Hanuman’s performance on the battlefield
exemplifies bravery and nobility.

25. • What are the other themes?
• What lesson(s) can you get
from the epic?

26. Guide Questions:
1. Why was the king of Ayodha
considered as an “unhappy king”?
2. How does Rama impress King
Janaka and win over Sita’s hand in
marriage?
3. What are the two thing asked by
Kaikeyi from Dasaratha?
4. Why is Rama not angered by his
father’s request?
5. How does Ravana abducted Sita?

27. Time for
sharing!

28. • (1/2 sheet of paper) Answer only.
1. If you are going to change or revise a part
of the story what would that be and why?
2. The Ramayana suggests that much of
Rama’s greatness is the result of his
choices to place dharma above his own
personal interests. Likewise, Ravana
possesses many noble characteristics but
has chosen to use them for a life of evil.
Do you think that being good or bad is a
matter of personal choice, or are people
simply born good or bad?

29. • Directions: Discuss the guide questions.
Copy and write your answer on a 1
whole sheet of paper.
• After answering, let’s have a sharing.
• You’ll share your answer based on your
group number (for example, group 1 will
share your answer on question 1)
including the last number.

30. Assignment
• On a one whole sheet of paper, copy
and answer the guide questions.