The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that flourished along the Indus River valley from around 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE. Several large well-planned cities were situated along the Indus River, including Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. Mohenjo-Daro had a population of around 40,000 people at its peak. Archaeologists have uncovered ruins of well-engineered storage facilities, a granary, and what appears to be the world's earliest public baths at Mohenjo-Daro. The Indus Valley Civilization declined around 1300 BCE, though the reasons for this are not fully known.

1. INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

2. Indus valley civilization
 The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilization or the Harappan
Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilization in the northwestern regions of South Asia
 The Indus Valley Civilization derives its name from the Indus River, one of the longest
rivers in Asia.
 Many of the Indus Valley Civilization's large, well-planned cities, such as Mohenjo-Daro,
Kot Diji and Chanhu-Daro, were situated along the course of the Indus River, which
flows from the mountains of western Tibet, through the disputed region of Kashmir and
southwestward before emptying into the Arabian Sea near the modern city of Karachi,
Pakistan.

3. Excavated ruins
of Mohenjo-
daro, Sindh province
, Pakistan, showing
the Great Bath in the
foreground.
Mohenjo-daro, on
the right bank of
the Indus River, is
a UNESCO World
Heritage Site, the first
site in South Asia to
be so declared.

4. A photo of the Indus Valley Civilization's large settlement, Mohenjo-Daro, in what is now
Sindh province, Pakistan. The settlement was abandoned in the 19th century B.C

5. Archaeological
remains of washroom
drainage system at
LOTHAL

6. Dholavira in
Gujarat,
India, is one
of the
largest cities
of Indus
Valley
civilisation,
with stepwel
l steps to
reach the
water level
in artificially
constructed
reservoirs

8. Harappan weights
found in the Indus
Valley

9. Ceremonial vessel; 2600-2450 BC; terracotta
with black paint

10. Cubical weights,
standardised
throughout the
Indus cultural zone

11. Reclining mouflon; 2600–
1900 BC; marble

12. Mohanjo-Daro beads;
2600-1900

13. Ram-headed bird mounted on wheels,
probably a toy; 2600-1900 BC; terracotta

14. The Priest King; 2400–1900 BC; low fired steatite;
height: 17.5 cm;

15. INDIAN ART

16. Indus valley civilization
 The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilization or the Harappan
Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilization in the northwestern regions of South Asia
 The Indus Valley Civilization derives its name from the Indus River, one of the longest
rivers in Asia.
 Many of the Indus Valley Civilization's large, well-planned cities, such as Mohenjo-Daro,
Kot Diji and Chanhu-Daro, were situated along the course of the Indus River, which
flows from the mountains of western Tibet, through the disputed region of Kashmir and
southwestward before emptying into the Arabian Sea near the modern city of Karachi,
Pakistan.

17. Early Indian art
Rock art
 Rock painting at one of the Bhimbetka rock shelters.
 Prehistoric petroglyphs in the Edakkal Caves, Wayanad
 Rock art of India includes rock relief carvings, engravings and paintings, some (but by
no means all) from the South Asian Stone Age. It is estimated there are about 1300 rock
art sites with over a quarter of a million figures and figurines

18. Cave painting at Bhimbetka

19. Early Indian art
Vedic period
 The millennium following the collapse of the Indus Valley civilisation, coinciding with
the Indo-Aryan migration during the Vedic period, is devoid of anthropomorphical
depictions.
 It has been suggested that the early Vedic religion focused exclusively on the worship of
purely "elementary forces of nature by means of elaborate sacrifices", which did not
lend themselves easily to anthropomorphological representations

20. The Dancing Girl of Mohenjo-daro"

21. Early Indian art
Mauryan art (c. 322 BCE – c. 185 BCE)
 The millennium following the collapse of the Indus Valley civilisation, coinciding with
the Indo-Aryan migration during the Vedic period, is devoid of anthropomorphical
depictions.
 It has been suggested that the early Vedic religion focused exclusively on the worship of
purely "elementary forces of nature by means of elaborate sacrifices",

22. Symbolic, possibly anthropomorphological
artefact. Copper Hoard culture (2nd
millennium BCE). Mathura Museum.

23. The Pataliputra capital, an early
example of Mauryan stone
sculpture,
displaying Persian and Hellenistic in
fluences. 3rd century BCE, Patna
Museum

24. Early Indian art
Buddhist art (c. 150 BCE – c. 500 CE)
 The major survivals of Buddhist art begin in the period after the Mauryans, from which
good quantities of sculpture survives. Some key sites are Sanchi, Bharhut and Amaravati,
some of which remain in situ, with others in museums in India or around the world.
 Stupas were surrounded by ceremonial fences with four profusely carved toranas or
ornamental gateways facing the cardinal directions.
 These are in stone, though clearly adopting forms developed in wood. They and the
walls of the stupa itself can be heavily decorated with reliefs, mostly illustrating the lives
of the Buddha.
 Gradually life-size figures were sculpted, initially in deep relief, but then free-standing.
borate sacrifices",

25. Crossbar medallion with elephant and
riders, Mathura art, circa 150 BCE.