The document discusses several topics related to India's foreign policy and international relations, including:
1) India's investment in Africa's hydrocarbons and the potential short and long-term impacts.
2) Issues related to fishermen between India and Sri Lanka in international waters and potential solutions.
3) China's One Belt One Road initiative and the advantages for India to potentially join.
The document provides analysis and suggestions related to each topic.
Current affairs 2018 - Important Articles for Civil Services ExamPragnya IAS Academy
It covers about the 10th BRICS Summit, SAARC, India-U.S 2+2 talks. It also covers important points about the COMCASA Agreement, India-Bangladesh relations, India - African Relations etc..,
The heads of government of Australia, the UK and US announced the formation of a trilateral security pact, to be known by the acronym, AUKUS, the nuclear coalition, which has ignited unprecedented French fury.
Without naming China, the US President announced that “in order to deal with rapidly evolving threats,” the US and Britain would share, with Australia, intelligence and advanced technologies in areas like artificial intelligence, cyber-warfare, quantum computing and nuclear submarine construction.
Tensions in the south china sea explained in 18 maps CSIS march 11-2016-newMYO AUNG Myanmar
http://www.businessinsider.com/tensions-in-the-south-china-sea-explained-in-18-maps-2015-1?nr_email_referer=1&utm_content=BISelect&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Sailthru&utm_campaign=BI%20Select%20Weekend%202016-03-12&utm_term=Business%20Insider%20Select
Tensions in the South China Sea explained in 18 maps
South Sudan’s recent independence from Sudan has been complicated by disputes over access to natural resources and shared borders. As part of our Interactive Community Roundtable series, Dr Salman M.A. Salman discussed in detail some of the problems facing Africa’s newest state.
If World War III were to begin, most defence and political experts the most likely place will be Kashmir and between Nuclear powers India and Pakistan. Everyone seems to sense this, yet the two countries remain locked in a dangerous confrontation. The main flashpoint is Kashmir.
What are the origins of the problem and what keeps the fire of conflict raging?
Having no legal right to claim Kashmir but desiring it all costs, a belligerent and aggressive Pakistan has waged four very costly and unsuccessful wars on India seeking to wrest control of Kashmir from India by force. Pakistan's greatest military and political supporter always has been America. Why?
Current affairs 2018 - Important Articles for Civil Services ExamPragnya IAS Academy
It covers about the 10th BRICS Summit, SAARC, India-U.S 2+2 talks. It also covers important points about the COMCASA Agreement, India-Bangladesh relations, India - African Relations etc..,
The heads of government of Australia, the UK and US announced the formation of a trilateral security pact, to be known by the acronym, AUKUS, the nuclear coalition, which has ignited unprecedented French fury.
Without naming China, the US President announced that “in order to deal with rapidly evolving threats,” the US and Britain would share, with Australia, intelligence and advanced technologies in areas like artificial intelligence, cyber-warfare, quantum computing and nuclear submarine construction.
Tensions in the south china sea explained in 18 maps CSIS march 11-2016-newMYO AUNG Myanmar
http://www.businessinsider.com/tensions-in-the-south-china-sea-explained-in-18-maps-2015-1?nr_email_referer=1&utm_content=BISelect&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Sailthru&utm_campaign=BI%20Select%20Weekend%202016-03-12&utm_term=Business%20Insider%20Select
Tensions in the South China Sea explained in 18 maps
South Sudan’s recent independence from Sudan has been complicated by disputes over access to natural resources and shared borders. As part of our Interactive Community Roundtable series, Dr Salman M.A. Salman discussed in detail some of the problems facing Africa’s newest state.
If World War III were to begin, most defence and political experts the most likely place will be Kashmir and between Nuclear powers India and Pakistan. Everyone seems to sense this, yet the two countries remain locked in a dangerous confrontation. The main flashpoint is Kashmir.
What are the origins of the problem and what keeps the fire of conflict raging?
Having no legal right to claim Kashmir but desiring it all costs, a belligerent and aggressive Pakistan has waged four very costly and unsuccessful wars on India seeking to wrest control of Kashmir from India by force. Pakistan's greatest military and political supporter always has been America. Why?
THE SUDAN AND SOUTH SUDAN CONFLICT OVER ABYEI SINCE THE 2005 COMPREHENSIVE PE...IPSS-Addis
This is Getachew Zeru's presentation. Getachew is a PhD student at the Regular PhD programme, IPSS http://www.ipss-addis.org/new-ipss/content/3b03ff2295f7308fafc2/?ms=03713eab7dda03f09b55&ps=7823486jjsf687jjjkkf&ls=3b03ff2295f7308fafc2&sub=75625ad99187409302b4. He is the first to successfully defend his PhD research since the launch of the PhD programme in 2010.
This ppt is about Kuwait's trade relation with India, its infrastructure and also another agreement between Kuwait and India.Various exports and imports from India to Kuwait and Kuwait to India.
Kuwait's trade partners for Import/Export.
LOGISTICS PERFORMANCE INDEX WITH COMPARISON TO INDIA.
Ever since Corona Pandemic began, employee retention and employment
generation have inevitably become most important responsibilities of
Governments at the Centre, States & also Private Entrepreneurs. Mining,
Quarrying and Water resources management are the biggest outdoor sources of
employment besides Agriculture, for lakhs of youth, many of whom have
migrated back to their villages & towns. The mining sector has the potential to
grow to employ about 48lakh persons directly and create a total of 5 crore jobs
in mines and related ancillary industries and services, by 2025. The ratio of
direct to indirect employment in the Mining Sector is 1:10. “An investment of
US$ 1 in exploration is estimated to give a return of US$15” (Ernst and Young
Rept.-2011, p. 34). Another independent study says, that “for every rupee of
investment in mining there is an investment of Rs.12 in the downstream value
chain ancillary industries". Specially in case of gold, every tonne of gold mined
will save 55million US$ in Forex and ploughs Rs.150 to 200 Crores into the
Local Rural Economy in the form of wages, ancillary industries, supplies of
materials and machinery, skill development, rural infrastructure , education,
health care, entertainment etc., besides generating revenue to the Govt.
Therefore, mining serves to alleviate poverty to a large degree. As per
McKinsey Global Institute, India needs to create 150 million non-farm jobs by
2025, to significantly reduce poverty. The Confederation of Indian Industry
(CII) in 2011 had done a study for the Ministry of Mines and brought out a
“Skill Mapping Report”. As per this report, in the period up to 2025, there will
be a need for some 3,000 geoscientists and 40,000 mining engineers over and
above the normal supply. Achieving self-sufficiency in minerals and reducing
the dependence on import of metals and minerals, on a fast track investment
mode, are the other most important national goals set by the Hon’ble Finance &
Corporate Affairs Minister as a follow up on the Prime Minister’s call for a
“Self-reliant India Movement” on the 12 th May2020. The Hon’ble Finance Min-
ister made Policy Reforms -related pronouncements to fast track investments
into Coal Sector & Non-coal Minerals Sector.
India and Australia - Partners for Indo-Pacific Security and StabilityDelhi Policy Group
On June 04, 2020, India and Australia elevated the strategic partnership they had established in 2009 to a comprehensive strategic partnership based on “mutual understanding, trust, common interests and the shared values of democracy and the rule of law”. The 11 pillars of the upgraded partnership[1] included “maritime cooperation for an open and inclusive Indo-Pacific” and defence cooperation.
H.E. Shinzo Abe, Prime Minister of Japan is paying an official visit to India from 13 September to 14 September, 2017 at the invitation of H.E. Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India. On 14 September, the two Prime Ministers held strategic discussions on a wide range of issues under the Special Strategic and Global Partnership between the two countries.
Joint Statement on India and Japan Vision 2025: Special Strategic and Global Partnership Working Together for Peace and Prosperity of the Indo-Pacific Region and the World(December 12, 2015)
There are new initiatives under the Modi's Govt for improving the maritime leverages. The recent initiatives are pointer to the untapped new maritime potential of India.
India has a vested interest in the stability and security of the West Asian region. Instability in West Asia can have a direct impact on India's energy supplies and overall security. Therefore, India works to promote peace and stability in the region through diplomatic means and multilateral forums.
THE SUDAN AND SOUTH SUDAN CONFLICT OVER ABYEI SINCE THE 2005 COMPREHENSIVE PE...IPSS-Addis
This is Getachew Zeru's presentation. Getachew is a PhD student at the Regular PhD programme, IPSS http://www.ipss-addis.org/new-ipss/content/3b03ff2295f7308fafc2/?ms=03713eab7dda03f09b55&ps=7823486jjsf687jjjkkf&ls=3b03ff2295f7308fafc2&sub=75625ad99187409302b4. He is the first to successfully defend his PhD research since the launch of the PhD programme in 2010.
This ppt is about Kuwait's trade relation with India, its infrastructure and also another agreement between Kuwait and India.Various exports and imports from India to Kuwait and Kuwait to India.
Kuwait's trade partners for Import/Export.
LOGISTICS PERFORMANCE INDEX WITH COMPARISON TO INDIA.
Ever since Corona Pandemic began, employee retention and employment
generation have inevitably become most important responsibilities of
Governments at the Centre, States & also Private Entrepreneurs. Mining,
Quarrying and Water resources management are the biggest outdoor sources of
employment besides Agriculture, for lakhs of youth, many of whom have
migrated back to their villages & towns. The mining sector has the potential to
grow to employ about 48lakh persons directly and create a total of 5 crore jobs
in mines and related ancillary industries and services, by 2025. The ratio of
direct to indirect employment in the Mining Sector is 1:10. “An investment of
US$ 1 in exploration is estimated to give a return of US$15” (Ernst and Young
Rept.-2011, p. 34). Another independent study says, that “for every rupee of
investment in mining there is an investment of Rs.12 in the downstream value
chain ancillary industries". Specially in case of gold, every tonne of gold mined
will save 55million US$ in Forex and ploughs Rs.150 to 200 Crores into the
Local Rural Economy in the form of wages, ancillary industries, supplies of
materials and machinery, skill development, rural infrastructure , education,
health care, entertainment etc., besides generating revenue to the Govt.
Therefore, mining serves to alleviate poverty to a large degree. As per
McKinsey Global Institute, India needs to create 150 million non-farm jobs by
2025, to significantly reduce poverty. The Confederation of Indian Industry
(CII) in 2011 had done a study for the Ministry of Mines and brought out a
“Skill Mapping Report”. As per this report, in the period up to 2025, there will
be a need for some 3,000 geoscientists and 40,000 mining engineers over and
above the normal supply. Achieving self-sufficiency in minerals and reducing
the dependence on import of metals and minerals, on a fast track investment
mode, are the other most important national goals set by the Hon’ble Finance &
Corporate Affairs Minister as a follow up on the Prime Minister’s call for a
“Self-reliant India Movement” on the 12 th May2020. The Hon’ble Finance Min-
ister made Policy Reforms -related pronouncements to fast track investments
into Coal Sector & Non-coal Minerals Sector.
India and Australia - Partners for Indo-Pacific Security and StabilityDelhi Policy Group
On June 04, 2020, India and Australia elevated the strategic partnership they had established in 2009 to a comprehensive strategic partnership based on “mutual understanding, trust, common interests and the shared values of democracy and the rule of law”. The 11 pillars of the upgraded partnership[1] included “maritime cooperation for an open and inclusive Indo-Pacific” and defence cooperation.
H.E. Shinzo Abe, Prime Minister of Japan is paying an official visit to India from 13 September to 14 September, 2017 at the invitation of H.E. Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India. On 14 September, the two Prime Ministers held strategic discussions on a wide range of issues under the Special Strategic and Global Partnership between the two countries.
Joint Statement on India and Japan Vision 2025: Special Strategic and Global Partnership Working Together for Peace and Prosperity of the Indo-Pacific Region and the World(December 12, 2015)
There are new initiatives under the Modi's Govt for improving the maritime leverages. The recent initiatives are pointer to the untapped new maritime potential of India.
India has a vested interest in the stability and security of the West Asian region. Instability in West Asia can have a direct impact on India's energy supplies and overall security. Therefore, India works to promote peace and stability in the region through diplomatic means and multilateral forums.
Indo Africa Times, a weekly newspaper has its key intend to create extensive awareness amongst people about Africa and India concerning different sectors like economy, politics, culture, fashion, sports and many more. It is our sincere endeavor to bridge the information gap between Africa and India by endowing our readers with updated and latest developments occurring in both the countries.
Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperatio...Dr. Gopal Krishna Rathore
Introduction, BIMSTEC Guiding Principles, Objective, BIMSTEC Agreements, BIMSTEC Summits and Current Members of the BIMSTEC Business Forum (BBF) of Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC).
The Initiation of Trade and Commerce with African Countries, by India is
moving into a new phase in this period Visa vis the past. India’s tryst with
African Nations was the support to their sentiments against colonolisation and
Racism. The globalized approaches have opened out new Areas of trade and
commerce in the African Continent. The compulsions on the part of India to expand its
frontiers of commerce obliged the country to focus on Techno economic base in
African countries. India’s Cultural relationship with African States seamlessly helped
thro the non aligned movement when the countries looked up on India’s leadership
and political will namely democratic values to expand into business value and ethics.
The Indian Diaspora in East, West and South Africa has established trade over the
past 5 decades in traditional commodities, raw materials. The growth in software,
health care and education in India motivated the African countries to seek Indian
participation in energy, housing and mining Industries.
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
2. 1. To study the Impact of India’s investment on hydrocarbons
in Africa.
2. To study India’s relations with its neighborhood countries.
3. To examine the pact signed by India with different
countries.
4. To study the Fisherman problem in relation with the
International law.
5. To study the significance of OBOR
OBJECTIVES
3. IMPORTANCE OF THE TOPIC
An understanding of the positive impacts on
Indian’s Foreign Policy by different pacts signed by
India with other countries is dealt with.
The project analyzes the affect on the Indian
Economy of the issue of the fisherman in the
international waters between India and Sri Lanka
It also delves into the negative impacts of
investment in Hydrocarbons in Africa
The project also identifies the advantages that might
accrue in case of India joining OBOR.
4. INDIA’S RELATIONSHIP WITH
NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES
• India has a long land frontier and
coastline. It shares boundaries with
Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, China,
Bangladesh, Myanmar (Burma) and
Sri Lanka.
• India has adopted a foreign policy
of neutrality and non-involvement
5. INDIA-CHINA
5 Principles have been adopted
Mutual respect for each other’s
territorial integrity and
sovereignty.
Mutual non-aggression.
Mutual non-interference in each
other’s internal affairs.
Equality and mutual benefit.
Peaceful coexistence.
INDIA AND SOUTH- ASIA
India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh,
Maldives and Sri Lanka are the countries
belonging to the region.
Most of these countries were previously
ruled by the British. They have similar
cultures, social habits and economic
problems.
It is believed that these countries of South
Asia could progress fast only through
cooperation with each other and by devising
common plans for development. This
concept led to the formation of the South
Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
(SAARC) with the objective of mutual
economic and social development.
6. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
•The Dhaka Declaration states its objective as the making of “the full use of all the
human and natural resources and accelerate the economic and social development of
the region”.
1. Strengthening economic cooperation so as to improve the quality of life of the
people of South Asia;
2. Increasing the pace of economic growth;
3. Giving mutual assistance and cooperation in areas like agriculture, scientific
development, etc.; and
4. Promoting social progress and cultural development.
It was made clear from the very beginning that no member state would interfere in the
internal affairs of another. Only those matters would be discussed which concerned all
the member states.
After the formation of the SAARC, a number of summits were held. Each summit
undertook several specific programmes. The South Asian Free Trade Agreement
(SAFTA) was signed to inaugurate a new era of economic cooperation in South Asia.
7. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
ACHIEVEMENTS AND RECENT DEVELOPMENT:
1. It established a cultural link among the SAARC countries. The SAVE (SAARC
Audio-Visual Exchange programme) was launched in 1987 to make people aware of
one another’s cultures and make them conscious of the need for cultural exchange.
Regular monthly programmes on radio and television are contributed by each member
country.
2. The SAARC Regional Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism came into force
in August 1988. The members also signed a SAARC Convention on Narcotic Drugs
in 199o to combat the problem of drug trafficking and drug abuse.
3. A SAARC Trade Fair with the theme “Cooperation for Growth” was organized in
New Delhi.
4. The South Asian Federation (SAF) Games are held by turn in each of the member
countries.
It is difficult for the SAARC to achieve its objectives because of internal dissent.
There are differences between India and Pakistan on the Kashmir issue and cross-
border terrorism. India also has a dispute with Bangladesh over the sharing of river
waters and strained relations with Sri Lanka on Tamil militancy.
8. SOME IMPORTANT MoUs
INDIA – BHUTAN
* Hydropower, agro processing,
education, tourism, horticulture
* Government of India has agreed to
develop 1o,ooo MW of hydropower plant
in Bhutan for export of surplus power to
India by 2o2o
INDIA - CUBA
* Cooperation of Prasar Bharthi, radio
and television
INDIA - CANADA_
* Cooperation of iron & steel
INDIA - CHINA
* on water issues & purification
* River-based issues
* Trade related issues
* Border defence co-operation agreement
INDIA - AFGHANISTAN
*TAPI - Gas line issue
* Cooperation in security of
leaving US force from
Afghanistan
INDIA - BANGLADESH
* Motor vehicle agreement
* Power hydro agreement
* Border issues agreement
INDIA - BRAZIL
* 3 SIGN PACTS - Renewable
energy, defence and cyber
security ,environment sector
* Internet regulations
9. IMPORTANT MoUs
INDIA-MALAYSIA
* CECA(comprehensive economic co-operation agreement)
* 8-AREAS - public administration, human resources, e-governance,
public delivery, accountability
transparency, quality result, skill and capacity building
INDIA-MAURITIUS
* DTAA - Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement
* LoB-limitations of benefit
INDIA-NEPAL
* Ps formula - Power pact
* HIT-HIT formula - H for highways, Information
ways, Transmission ways
* US $1 billion Line of Credit to Nepal
* 4Cs- Co-operation, Connectivity, culture, constitution
10. IMPORTANT MoUs
INDIA-ISRAEL
•.MoU for setting up of India- Israel
Industrial R&D & Technological
Innovation Fund
•MoU for conservation of water in
India
•India- Israel Development
Cooperation- 3year work program
in Agriculture (2o18-2o)
•Plan of cooperation regarding
cooperation in atomic clocks
•MoU regarding cooperation in
electric propulsion for small
satellites.
INDIA-PAKISTAN
RAIL SERVICE
•SAMJHAUTA EXPRESS- Delhi-Lahore route via
Attari Wagah Border crossing.
•THAR EXPRESS- It links jodhpur and Karachi via
Munabao-Khokhrapar border crossing.
AGREEMENT ON THE PROHIBITION OF
ATTACK AGAINST NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
India and Pakistan have exchanged list of their
nuclear installations and facilities with each other
under the Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack
against Nuclear installations. This is the 27th
consecutive exchange of such list between two
countries after first list was exchanged on 1 January
1992 between them to prevent them from attacking
each other’s nuclear facilities.
The exchange is part of an agreement between the
two nuclear-armed neighbours meant to prevent
attacks on nuclear facilities by each other.
11. INDIA’S INVESTMENT TO AFRICA’S
HYDROCARBON
India has stepped up trade and investment in hydrocarbons in Africa, with nearly 17%
of its total crude oil imports coming from Africa by 2o16. This petroleum-related
foreign direct investment and trade can be mutually beneficial in the short term,
providing African exporters with a foreign market and helping India meet its energy
needs. “India Eyes More Crude Oil Imports from African Nations,” accessed on 12
February 2o18.
In the short term, India’s petroleum-related foreign direct investment (FDI) and
trade with Africa can be mutually beneficial because it provides African
exporters with a foreign market, while helping India meet its energy needs.
However, such deals may become less effective economically over the medium
and long term because of three trends:
(i) The accelerating rate of technological advances and cost-competitiveness of
alternative renewable energy options;
(ii) the increasing number of countries and cities adopting a “carbon tax” and
other regulations and restrictions on carbon emissions; and
(iii) the increasing levels of energy inputs required for fossil fuel extraction
relative to energy output, or the “diminishing returns” problem that is afflicting
fossil fuel production.
12. FISHERMEN ISSUES AND LAW OF INTERNATIONAL WATERS
BETWEEN INDIAAND SRI LANKA
A) There is no well defined boundary line between the two nations.
B) Territorial waters overlap in some areas: Maritime border between the two
countries is about 4oo kilometres spreading along three different areas: the Bay of
Bengal in the north, the Palk Bay and the Gulf of Mannar in the centre and the
Indian Ocean in the south. In the Palk Bay region, distances between the coasts of
the two countries varies between 16 and 45 kms. This means territorial waters of
each country in some areas strays into the others if 12 nautical mile criteria is strictly
applied.
C) LTTE issue has raised vigilance: The issue of fishermen came to existence with
the emergence of violent ethnic conflict between the Tamil militants and the Sri
Lankan government in the mid 198os. Increased vigilance by the Sri Lankan Navy
to check intermittent flow of Tamil refugees into India and flow of arms and
supplies to Tamil militant groups made fishing difficult and risky. Due to these
fishermen from both nations suffered.
D) Security concerns: The monitoring is still on which aimed at preventing possible
return of LTTE cadres, who fled from the island during the height of the conflict in
2oo9, to revive the insurgency all over again.
13. One Belt One Road
The oBoR strategy is often reported as China’s ambitious push to take a bigger role in global
affairs and expand its friend circle.
While China insists that the investment in oBoR is economically motivated and it will bring
economic benefits to host countries but the project is multi-prolonged and is intended to serve
diplomatic, economic and strategic purposes.
It is also intended to address its domestic needs in economic transformation. The demand for
industrial output will increase and thus will revitalise its economy.
This project will build China’s soft power and some analysts call it a China’ Marshall Plan.
This initiative will make Indo-Pacific region to be Sino-centric economic and security region.
It is also an attempt to counter US propaganda that rising China is a threat to world peace. Thus
it is to convince that rising China is not a threat rather creates a win-win situation for all.
Maritime Silk Road, and especially Chinese infrastructure investment is implicitly intended to
facilitate more frequent People’s Liberation Army Navy deployments in the Indian ocean and
beyond.
14. One Belt One Road
ADVANTAGES OF JOINING OBOR
India will not be able to stop China in carrying on this initiative nor can it stop its neighbours from
joining this initiative. So whether India joins this initiative or not, the project will take place and not join
may harm India’s interests.
India may become isolated in this region since all of its neighbours (except Bhutan) have joined One
Belt One Road. Leaving any regional platform may hamper India’s credentials and may hasten the end
of its regional hegemony.
Regional transport, energy security, and blue economy are key to OBOR initiative which will be helpful
for India.
China has the financial capital, technology to accelerate the development of other countries and India
also need resources and funds for its own development.
Trade: The OBOR project will open more links of trade between India and other countries. Further,
India does not enjoy much leverage to guide ocean trade markets despite having proximity to the sea
and a strong navy. Through OBOR project India will get access to more business in an environment
which promote friendly reforms.
Some analysts feel that countries like Russia and others in SCO would want Indian participation in
OBOR as a counterweight to Chinese influence.
15. FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS
As a matter of an interesting geographic factor, India shares borders with all other South Asian
nations whereas no other South Asian nation (except Afghanistan and Pakistan) shares borders
with any other South Asian nation. Notwithstanding some shortcomings, democracy and rule of
law as instruments of political governance are well entrenched in India. Transfer of power has
been more or less peaceful and transparent. In relative terms India can be arguably considered
as the most stable country in the region, moving ahead on the fast tracks of development, even
though the growth has of late slowed down.
Further in terms of its population, territory, GDP, its image as an emerging world economy and
a responsible de-facto nuclear State, and as a country which is destined to play a larger role on
international arena, and also for several other reasons, India stands apart amongst the bunch of
other South Asian countries.
This analysis suggests that while India’s FDI and trade in Africa’s hydrocarbons may serve
mutual interests in the short term, they may pose significant financial liabilities over the
medium to long term. It may be more financially advantageous to consider shifting such
investments to other sectors that are projected to prosper, such as decentralised utilities, electric
auto companies, battery manufacturers, copper and lithium mining, electronics producers,
software developers, electric engine makers, smart grid builders and, of course, solar and wind
power manufacturers, installers and financiers.
16. FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS
The Indian government can undertake a census of fishermen, preparing a
database of information on fishermen and their boats to be used for more
effective monitoring of fishing activities. The Indian Coast Guard can install
tracking devices in fishing boats operating in the waters, developed by the
ISRO, the tracking device has the ability to send out alerts for fires on
board, a sinking vessel, a medical emergency and when the boat is
apprehended by another country.
OBOR initiative will be a win-win situation for India since it will increase the
connectivity of the region. There may emerge mutually beneficial swap
where India protecting Chinese interests in the Indian Ocean and China
securing India’s essential undertakings in their part of the waters.