In Unit III, you have learned about different criminal justice theor.docx
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In Unit III, you have learned about different criminal justice theories, one of which is transnational crime. For this assignment, examine how transnational crime affects the global community’s economic, social, or legal qualities and important issues that arise in today’s news for this crime. Select one type of transnational crime from the list below: 1) illegal immigration, 2) human trafficking, 3) drug smuggling, or 4) another similar crime. Select a country other than the United States for this transnational crime, and show how that country is affected economically, socially, and politically by this crime. Your case study must be at least three pages in length. You must provide a minimum of three peer-review scholar sources. Follow APA Style when constructing this assignment, and include in-text citations and references for all sources that are used. Please note that no abstract is needed. .
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For this week’s assignment, you will examine the global criminal perspective of two types of transnational crimes. Chapter 2 in the text discusses domestic crime, transnational crime, and justice. Find additional credible sources to assist in your evaluation of international policing and investigative agencies’ attempts to locate and arrest individuals that are engaged in these transnational crimes.
Before you begin writing your paper, choose two types of transnational crime from the list below:
Cybercrime
Drug trafficking
Human trafficking
Money laundering
Maritime piracy
Theft of art and cultural objects
Trade in human body parts
Terrorism
In your paper, relative to the chosen two types of transnational crime
Describe what international policing and investigative agencies are doing well.
Identify areas in need of improvements.
Discuss what we as individuals can do to help with transnational crime rates.
Identify some warning signs that these transnational crimes may be taking place around us.
Evaluate what the United States has done to improve transnational crime rates.
Identify which national agencies are involved in the United States’ attempt to manage transnational crime.
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SOURCES THAT ARE INCLUDED MUST BE USED, NO OUTSIDE SOURCES!A. .docx
SOURCES THAT ARE INCLUDED MUST BE USED, NO OUTSIDE SOURCES!
A. Justification
At the time of their founding, Latin American countries drew inspiration from
the United States and its system of government based on democratically elected
presidents subject to checks and balances from independent and co-equal branches of
government. Yet democracy proved to be little more than an aspiration during most
of the region’s independent history with countries fluctuating repeatedly, often in
quick succession, from popularly elected leaders to dictatorships. Democracy failed to
take root in even the wealthiest and most industrialized countries in the region as
exemplified by repressive military dictatorships that ruled the Southern Cone during
the 1970s.
However, starting in the late 1970s and gathering momentum during the
1980s, Latin American dictatorships were replaced by popularly elected
governments. This time really did prove different. Despite setbacks and persistent
(and often well-justified) concerns about tangible results of democracy (its
deliverables), today all but two Latin American countries qualify as functioning (if
somewhat flawed) democracies.
Democracy is, for now, to quote Linz and Stepan (1996, 15), “the only game in
town” in Latin America. With that problem resolved, social scientists have turned
their attention to a new problem: the quality of said democracies:
How far are today’s democratically elected governments from what was
promised to the electorate prior to transition?
Specifically, what are the main strengths and weaknesses of each of the
region’s democracies?
You will tackle these questions by conducting an audit of the quality of
democracy in a Latin American country of your choosing. This assignment combined
with class lectures on the larger political trends in the region’s recent history, will
provide you with a more detailed and nuanced picture of Latin American Politics.
B. Assignment
1) You are to research and write a policy memo evaluating the state of democracy Argentina. The memo should
be about 2,500 words or 10 pages long (double-spaced).
2) Begin by understanding the concept of democratic quality and the ways in which
it can assessed. Quality of democracy in the country you select should be assessed
following the framework developed by Levine and Molina (2011). Said framework
evaluates the quality of a country’s democracy based on five criteria:
1) Electoral Decision; 2) Participation; 3) Responsiveness; 4.) Accountability;
and 5) Sovereignty.
Read:
o Daniel M. Levine, and Jose Molina, editors. 2011. The Quality of
Democracy in Latin America. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers,
Chapters 1.
3) Get acquainted with the history of and the main political issues in your country.
For that, you are required to read your country’s chapter in:
Skidmore, Thomas E., Peter H. Smith, and James N. Green. 2010. Modern
Latin America, 7th Edition. New York: Oxford Unive.
Transnational Crime and the Global Community
Transnational crime involves marketing illegal products or services across international borders to generate profits that support further criminal activity. It affects the global community by destabilizing governments and creating fear among citizens. Over 50 activities fall under transnational crime, including human trafficking, weapons smuggling, and drug trafficking. These criminal operations have far-reaching impacts on human rights and strain local resources and systems. Criminal organizations operate transnational drug and human trafficking rings like businesses, exploiting consumer demand and generating over $193 billion annually from drug sales in the U.S. alone. Violence is often used by these organizations to maintain control and influence.
The United States has one of the lowest voter turnout rates amon
The United States has one of the lowest voter turnout rates among modern democratic political systems. During the last decade, many initiatives have been undertaken to increase voter participation, yet concerns about the possibility of election fraud have also increased. Additionally, some political interests feel threatened by the increase in turnout among some traditionally low-turnout ethnic minorities. Several states have recently passed legislation imposing new registration and identification requirements. This has sparked debate about whether these are tactics intended to suppress turnout or to prevent fraud. Think about the media’s role in the election process and how both mass media and social media can impact the election process. How has the media’s role changed in recent years, especially considering President Trump’s stance on “fake news”?
Write:
In your initial post,
Describe voter ID laws in a state of your choosing. Summarize any recent developments or controversies regarding voter ID laws in the state you have chosen.
Analyze and describe the pros and cons on both sides of the debate about these laws.
Is voter fraud a major problem for our democracy, or are some groups trying to make it harder for some segments of society to vote?
Analyze the impact that media (mass and social) has had in influencing public opinion, specifically regarding voter ID laws.
How was the Trump/Clinton election in 2016 impacted by voter laws and the media?
This web page provides an overview of some of the differences in Voter ID laws in the different states:
Voting Laws & Requirements: Voting Methods and Options (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
.
min 3oo words
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Corruption and the Military in Politics
https://www.gla.ac.uk/media/media_184189_en.pdf
Sources of Corruption: Military in Politics, Income Distribution
http://factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Thailand/sub5_8f/entry-3279.html
CORRUPTION IN THAILAND: CRONYISM, POLICE, MILITARY, THAKSIN AND POLITICIANS AFTER THAKSIN
https://thediplomat.com/2017/11/chinas-senior-general-commits-suicide-under-corruption-investigation/
Chinese Senior General Commits Suicide Under Corruption Investigation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Myanmar
Corruption in Myanmar
http://www.wired.co.uk/article/jade-trade-burma-corruption
Global Witness: corruption inside Myanmar's military-run jade trade
https://www.globalwitness.org/fr/campaigns/myanmar/jade-and-generals/
Jade and the Generals | Global Witness
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-24/how-military-controls-myanmar-not-aung-san-suu-kyi/8978042
Myanmar: How the military still controls the country, not Aung San Suu Kyi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwGuSUM2kh0
Chapter 2 Criminal Justice
The document summarizes key concepts in criminology. It discusses how crime data is collected through the Uniform Crime Report and National Crime Victimization Survey. It also defines hypotheses and theories, and summarizes several criminological theories like social disorganization theory, social process theory, and theories connecting offenders and victims. The chronic offender theory is explained as the idea that a small group is responsible for most crime. The importance of research accessibility for the criminal justice system is noted.
Drug Trafficking - CrimeTerrorism NexusThe connection between.docx
Drug Trafficking - Crime/Terrorism Nexus
The connection between drug trafficking and criminal activity, including terrorism, falls into two main categories. Drug traffickers engage in criminal activity as a method of their operations or terrorist engage in drug trafficking as a financial means for their terrorist activities. The threat to national securities lies not only in the increased crime by these groups individually, but also in the collaboration of the groups. For instance, the tunnels that are used to smuggle illicit drugs and illegal immigrants could also be used to smuggle terrorists and/or weapons of mass destruction.
Crime Nexus
The link between drug trafficking and other criminal activity lies primarily in traffickers using criminal activity in their trafficking activities. Drug traffickers often engage in violent crimes, to include assault, robbery, kidnapping, and murder, as well as other crimes such as extortion and money laundering. Gangs commit much of the crime in the United States associated with drug trafficking. “Gangs are responsible for an average of 48 percent of violent crime in most jurisdictions and much higher in others. Some jurisdictions in Arizona, California, Colorado, Illinois, Massachusetts, Oklahoma, and Texas report that gangs are responsible for at least 90 percent of crime…NDIC reporting indicates that gang control over drug distribution and disputes over drug territory has increased, which may be responsible for the increase in violence in many areas” (National Gang Intelligence Center, 15).
Weapons Seized with Drugs
Source: DEA
Terrorism Nexus
The nexus between drug traffickers and terrorism lies primarily in the realm of terrorist organizations using drug trafficking as a method to make money to finance their terrorist activities. Some terrorist organizations actually produce, transport, and distribute illicit drugs while others “tax” the traffickers in their area of operation. “Manifestations of narcoterrorism are manifold and far reaching: increased drug production; wide spread abuse of drugs; serious drug-related crime; threats to the rule of law, public security, and public health; money laundering; infiltration of the legal economy; and financing of terrorism. It has been estimated that the FARC guerilla of Colombia has a net profit from drug-related crime (including the “taxation” and “protection” of the illegal cocaine trade) of at least 300 million USD every year. The annual total income from the drug trade for movements such as al‐Qaeda has been estimated by the U.N. to be 2.4 billion USD” (Hartelius, iii).
Money laundering
Money laundering is another criminal activity that nearly all criminals engage in, including drug trafficking groups and terrorist groups. Criminals must account for the money obtained from illicit activities, so they look to money laundering. DTOs have entire components of their organizations responsible for laundering their illicit pr.
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Conflict theory and racial profiling: An empirical analysis
of police traffic stop data
Matthew Petrocellia, Alex R. Piquerob, Michael R. Smithc,*
aDepartment of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
bCenter for Studies in Criminology and Law, University of Florida, 201 Walker Hall, P.O. Box 115950,
Gainesville, FL 32611-5950, USA
cCriminal Justice Program, Washington State University, Spokane, 668 North Riverpoint Boulevard, Box B,
Spokane, WA 99202-1662, USA
Abstract
Using data collected by the Richmond, Virginia Police Department, this article applies conflict theory to police
traffic stop practices. In particular, it explores whether police traffic stop, search, and arrest practices differ
according to racial or socioeconomic factors among neighborhoods. Three principal findings emanate from this
research. First, the total number of stops by Richmond police was determined solely by the crime rate of the
neighborhood. Second, the percentage of stops that resulted in a search was determined by the percentage of
Black population. Third, when examining the percentage of stops that ended in an arrest/summons, the analyses
suggest that both the percentage of Black population and the area crime rate served to decrease the percentage of
police stops that ended in an arrest/summons. Implications for conflict theory and police decision-making are
addressed.
D 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Introduction
Conflict theory holds that law and the mecha-
nisms of its enforcement are used by dominant
groups in society to minimize threats to their interests
posed by those whom they label as dangerous,
especially minorities and the poor. Over the past
several years, racial profiling by police has become
an issue of national significance. In his first speech to
Congress on February 27, 2001, President Bush
addressed racial profiling and directed Attorney Gen-
eral John Ashcroft to develop a set of recommenda-
tions to end racial profiling by America’s police
forces. Although empirical data on racial profiling
is scarce (Government Accounting Office, 2000),
conflict theory suggests that police may indeed target
minorities when conducting traffic stops or field
interrogations.
Using data collected by the Richmond, Virginia
Police Department, this article tests the application of
conflict theory to police traffic stop practices. In
particular, it explores whether police traffic stop,
search, and arrest practices differ according to racial
or socioeconomic factors among neighborhoods (e.g.,
Smith, 1986). Previous research on conflict theory
and the police used data from multiple cities or states
to examine differences in minority treatment by the
police at the macro level. This article extends the
current research by presenting a micro-level analysis
of police practices using census tract data from a
single city. It begins with a discussion of prior
.
Assignment 2 Measures of CrimeMeasuring crime can be a difficul.docx
Assignment 2: Measures of Crime
Measuring crime can be a difficult process. By its very nature, crime is something that goes undetected. Law enforcement has developed a variety of techniques to track crime, such as police reports and victim reports. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) uses the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program for tracking crime; it reports crime in more than one way. All crime reporting and tracking systems categorize crime and have certain limitations.
Measuring crime involves tracking statistics such as demographic information and moderator variables related to the crimes. Moderator variables are any third variable in a correlation that affects the relationship between the first two variables. For example, we may find that gender is related to violent crime with a higher percentage of males engaging in violent behavior. However, a moderator variable would be age, with the highest percentage of violent offenders being below the age of 30.
Research US crime statistics using the Internet. You can also use the following:
· US Department of Justice, The Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2009). 2008 crime in the United States: About crime in the U.S. Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2008
Select a crime and write a report addressing the following:
· Summarize the statistics from the last two reporting years. Be sure to include demographic information such as ethnicity, race, age, gender, marital status, employment status, socioeconomic group, etc., and moderator variables related to the crime.
· Examine the reliability and validity of these statistics. Are they accurate? Why or why not? Be sure to discuss how age, gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic level are related to offending and representation in the criminal justice system.
· Explain whether certain populations are overrepresented in the statistics. If so, why?
Use the textbook and peer-reviewed sources to support your arguments.
Write a 3 full-pages report in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
Assignment 3 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Summarized statistics for the previous two reporting years including demographic information.
20
Explained the accuracy, reliability, and validity of the statistics.
14
Discussed how age, gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic level are related to offending and representation in the criminal justice system.
14
Analyzed the statistics to determine whether certain populations are over-represented.
32
Provided well-researched, authoritative sources in support of the arguments.
12
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
8
Total:
100
...
HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA6Jerv
HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 6
Jervaughn F. Reid
Helm School of Government, Liberty University
Human Trafficking in United states of America
Dr. Melvin Richards
July 1, 2021
Author Note
Jervaughn F. Reid
I do not have any conflict of interest to disclose.
Any communication about this article should be articulated to
Jervaughn F. Reid
Email: [email protected]
Human Trafficking in United States of America.
Human trafficking is among the Criminal activities that have been so common in most countries worldwide. Some of these countries suffer from the organized crimes by a group of gangsters. The fascinating thing is that majority of these criminal activities are observant with rational choicer theory and the conspiracy theory. By observing these theories imply that the organizers of the crime do it under their full conscience. Before they do the crime, they calculate the impacts of crime and find it more beneficial. They overlook the adverse effects to be outshined by the positive impact. Criminal cases take different nature; some may be due to robbery with violence. Some may be due to conning where the perpetrators of the criminal activity apply their witty character to get what they need from the victims. Human trafficking is one of the criminal activities that has since been ravaging the United States of America.
These criminal activities through human trafficking have impacted the concerned countries in several ways, for example, in the human rights aspect or financial aspect. Several countries, as a result, try as much as possible to combat such criminal cases. The concerned countries address these issues through the inaction of rules and laws that help tackle criminal cases. Others use religious intervention by preaching to people worldwide so that the criminals can change their minds and avoid involved in criminal activities.
This paper aims to address the crime topology of the human trafficking done by Ping in the United States of America. Under this, it will address the nature of people and the society in the country. In addition to that, it will address the structure of the government. The paper captures the scope of the organized crime of human trafficking, the impact of crime on the United States, policies that may help mitigate human trafficking crime, and finally, address the biblical allusion to the aspects of the organized crime above.
Country Analysis
The United States of America are history show that many criminal cases have primarily manifested in the past. The United States of America can get located in North America and borders countries like Mexico and Canada. It consists of 50 state and federal districts.
People and Society of the United States of America
It has various diversities ranging from Asian, African, Hispanic, European, and native American origin. In addition, the country also has a direct link to other countries outside, like the republic of China (Tushnet, 2016). All these pe ...
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses several topics related to globalization and crime, including how globalization has increased interconnectedness and opportunities for transnational crime. It examines how global economic trends impact supply and demand for illegal goods. It also explores how globalization has influenced risk perceptions and criminal organizations. Green criminology is introduced as an approach that considers environmental harms rather than just legal definitions of crime.
Each response is 250 words eachResponse 1For me, this.docx
Each response is 250 words each
Response 1:
For me, this weeks’ readings were more difficult than last weeks. Human right is such a powerful subject because, in my view, it’s a big “What’s in it for me”? “There was outrage about the Holocaust, but the fact is that genocide and crimes against humanity were integral to European colonization of the 18th through 20th centuries” (Benjamin 2009). I keep circling back to this point as Western Democracies hold themselves in such esteem, a vast majority of issues were self-created through colonization. Only four of the worlds’ countries were not colonized by Europe; Japan, Korea, Thailand, Liberia (Fisher 2015). I believe that legacy of living under forced rule creates a deep, systemic culture of potential abuse. The 2020 Human Rights Watch world reports identifies human rights violations or notable situations in120 nations or 61 percent of all countries (Human Rights Watch 2020). As complete as that sounds, it further reports more situation under investigation (ibid). It includes the United States for its criminal legal system (death penalty, racial disparity of incarcerated), juveniles in the court system, racial justice and policing and on and on. Going back further in our history, our genocide against the Native American population and the linkage between Nazi Germany patterning its Nuremburg Laws after our Jim Crow laws (Rose 2018) should give us pause for thought on why this is so important and how committed we should be to the cause. How did the United States escape shame and punishment for its own apartheid with Jim Crow when South Africa did not? So, we ask how we determine if human rights IOs are effective? Big issues like genocide, famine, displacement, refugees, make headlines, create some international action but then fade into the former news cycle. Human Rights Watch (HRW) provides an annual report on global issues. But how many people know what HRW is? This comes across as rather jaded and I suppose it is a realist point of view as only the strongest survive and nations only act when they can get something in return. Agreeing to human rights treaties offers nothing in return aside from the satisfaction of standing up for other humans.
Hathaway (2007) considers important factors of why states agree to human rights treaties. I find it obvious that less than democratic countries with poor human rights records buck these types of treaties because they have no foundational respect for human rights. The observation, “formal international legal enforcement of the treaties is minimal to nonexistent” Merry (2006), reminds me of Robin Williams describing how the police in the UK stop a crime by saying, “Stop, or I’ll say stop again!” (Williams 1986). It goes back to my original question of what is in it for me? Is naming and shaming the best route (Meernik, et al. 2012)? Is it the boomerang theory? IOs have made strides in broadening our understanding of human rights.
Assignment DetailsBecause crime is one of the more appealing theme.docx
Assignment Details
Because crime is one of the more appealing themes in popular culture, the public receives a skewed version of crime.
The public’s knowledge may be particularly lacking with regard to the entire field of criminology, specifically the following:
The differences between blue-collar and white-collar crime
The general perception of the incidence of crime in the United States
You are asked, as the public relations representative of your police department, to provide an information session on the field of criminology. The expectation is to make sure that the public understands the facts of law enforcement and to differentiate between the fictions presented in different media outlets.
Please answer the questions below, and complete the requirements for your paper of 3
–
4 pages. As you answer each question, complete the following:
Provide support or evidence that will enhance and empirically prove your answers.
Academic criminal justice articles or real-life criminal justice findings that are found in journals or other academic sources must be used in supporting your answers.
Please use APA format for all cited sources, including your reference page.
Remember when answering the questions below that there is a big difference between the public sector and the private sector. The public sector of criminal justice includes being a police officer, a crime scene technician, a federal law enforcement officer, and so on. The private sector may include you being an investigator for a company, a private investigator, a security manager for a large company, a security manager for an amusement park or a sports team, and so on.
The questions are as follows:
Explain the differences between
criminologists
and
criminalists
and their respective areas of study. How are the criminologists and criminalists used in the public sector (working within a governmental body)? How are they used in the private sector (in businesses and not in law enforcement)?
If you were a criminalist, what type of job or career would you want in the private sector? In the public sector? Explain why you would want each of these careers.
If you were a criminologist, what type of job or career would you want in the private sector? In the public sector? Explain why you would want each of these careers.
Discuss the differences between white-collar crime and blue-collar crime. Which types of crime are measured by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in the
Uniform Crime Reports
?
Which of the two (blue-collar or white-collar crime) is heavily focused on in popular culture through the media?
What is the difference between a Part-I index crime and a Part-II index crime as measured in the
Uniform Crime Reports
of the FBI?
Which Part-I crimes would you classify as violent crimes, and which would you classify as property crimes?
.
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Learning Objectives
• Review the ideological and financial obstacles to criminal justice system reform.
• Analyze the disconnect between popular assumptions and scientific evidence about crime.
• Analyze evidence-driven crime-control strategies in contemporary America.
• Understand options to reform to the criminal justice system in contemporary America.
• Contrast retributivism and restorative justice as guiding principles for criminal justice.
• Articulate the critical role of interdisciplinary approaches to criminal justice system reform.
Reducing Crime and Reforming
the Criminal Justice System
10
coL82305_10_c10_307-338.indd 307 7/5/13 4:23 PM
Section 10.1 The Challenge of the Status Quo CHAPTER 10
In August of 2010, after serving nearly 10 years in prison for two bank robberies, Lance
Brown walked out of a North Carolina prison a free man. Since his release he has been
struggling with poverty and homelessness and was forced out of a homeless shelter for
fighting with another patron. In April of 2012, Brown approached his parole officer and
asked what he needed to do to get put back in prison! His parole officer referred him to
a series of agencies and support services that Brown did not pursue. Instead, he walked
into the local courthouse in Columbus Georgia and threatened to kill the president of the
United States. However, officers did not believe that Brown’s threats were credible and
thus there were no consequences. Apparently frustrated, Brown exited the courthouse
and promptly threw a brick through the glass front door of the courthouse. Brown was
held in jail for 9 months awaiting trial. At trial he was sentenced to 1 month in jail and
3 years probation for malicious mischief. In court, Brown noted that his behavior would
result in shelter in a facility in which at least, “someone’s going to offer me a sandwich
and drink” (Associated Press, 2012, p. 1).
Many experts believe that the problem of crime in America is grounded in larger issues
of social structural marginality. Thus, issues like the economy, poverty, health care, and
education may be central in an encompassing crime-control strategy.
10.1 The Challenge of the Status Quo
One of the paramount challenges in criminology is developing systematic, evidence-driven and practical public policies to address the crime problem. However, pub-lic policy does not exist in a vacuum; developing, implementing, and evaluating
cost-effective and pragmatic crime-control policies is only part of the challenge. Many
experts highlight that changes in criminal justice policy include a series of obstacles. There
are ideological barriers to change given America’s historic support of “tough on crime”
policies. There are individuals and industries that benefit from the criminal justice system
in its existing form. And individuals and groups reap massive profits from committing
crime in America an ...
Running head PROJECT PROPOSAL ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING 1PROJECT PR.docx
Running head: PROJECT PROPOSAL ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING 1
PROJECT PROPOSAL ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING 2
The Effectiveness of Anti-Human Trafficking Laws
Amber Miles
Savannah State University
Project Proposal: The Effectiveness of Anti-Human Trafficking Laws
Project Background
Human trafficking (HT) is considered and criminalized by the United Nations as a form of modern slavery. It is also considered to be a major human rights challenge for authorities both in the developed and developing economies. The crime manifests in the form of sex trafficking and labor trafficking. Early perceptions of human trafficking tended to view it as entailing sexual exploitation of women and girls. Today, the United States categorizes human trafficking as encompassing wide arrays of crimes and affecting boys and men as well (Federal Anti-Trafficking Laws, 2019). The federal government recognizes that human trafficking in the United States predominantly takes the form of domestic servitude, forced labor in construction industries, brides trafficking, and coerced working in agricultural plantations.
The United Nations defines trafficking in persons as “the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation” (Zimmerman & Kiss, 2017). While a lot of human trafficking takes place within the country, a recent trend in international trafficking has created cartels across the world that facilitate illegal movement of people mainly from poor, low-income countries to developed economies (Global Report on Trafficking in Persons, 2014). Countries such as the Netherlands, Romania, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone have been cited internationally as major origin and transit countries for human trafficking.
The impact of HT on individuals and economies cannot be understated. International human trafficking (IHT) is known to encompass drug trafficking. Trafficked persons are forced under threat to their lives to traffic narcotics across international borders. The risk posed to victims is immense since it not only impairs their mental capacity but also exposes them to punitive sentences if caught trafficking drugs on behalf of their controlling masters. Besides cognitive impairment and potential memory loss, victims of HT are exposed to despicable physical abuse including rape, sexual slavery, servitude, and aggravated assault resulting in bodily harm. In other instances, victims are abused and killed. Analysis by the U.S State Department of recent cases of HT indicate that a significant number of victims are children who are duped under the pretext of finding a better life abroad or in large urban centers where they cannot be easily identified.
Des.
Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false.docx
Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false:
An abstract class can have ordinary methods but an interface cannot.
An abstract class cannot have any constructors.
No class can implement more than one interface.
It is not possible to create an instance of an abstract class.
All methods of an interface are implicitly public.
Why won't the following program compile? Correct it so that it will compile and properly implement
Comparable
.
class Int implements Comparable
{
private int x;
public Int(int x)
{
this.x = x;
}
public int compareTo(Int other)
{
return x - other.x;
}
}
What is the output of the following program?
class A
{
public A()
{
System.out.println(
"The default constructor of A is invoked");
}
}
class B extends A
{
public B()
{
System.out.println(
"The default constructor of B is invoked");
}
}
public class C
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
B b = new B();
}
}
Given the following class and interface definitions:
class Base
{
...
}
interface Spec
{
...
}
class Derived extends Base implements Spec
{
}
For each of the following declarations, indicate whether it is correct or incorrect and provide an explanation.
Derived object2 = new Base();
Spec object3 = new Derived();
Spec object4 = new Base();
Base object1 = new Derived();
Derived object5 = new Spec();
Indicate whether each of the following will compile and if not, correct it so it will.
class Class1
{
abstract void method1()
{
}
}
abstract class Class2
{
abstract void method2();
void method3();
}
.
Include recommendations on how the Kelsey Elementary School should d.docx
The Kelsey Elementary School should implement a conceptual database design process that includes data analysis and requirements gathering, entity relationship modeling and normalization, data model verification, and considerations for distributed database design. The school should analyze its data needs, create entity relationship diagrams to model how data relates, normalize the data model for efficiency, verify that the design meets requirements, and plan for any distributed aspects of the database system.
Include an introductionDescribe Final System Acceptance Criteria.docx
This document provides guidance for finalizing a customer relationship management (CRM) system project. It recommends assigning the right personnel, scheduling preventive maintenance tasks, controlling maintenance requests and configuration, and measuring maintenance effectiveness. Lessons learned and references should also be documented to close out the project successfully.
Include the following Complete summary of the case study that ide.docx
Include the following:
Complete summary of the case study that identifies the key problems and issues, provides background information, relevant facts, the solution employed, and the results achieved.
Identify and explain the accounting practices California Sutter Health used in defining and solving its collection problems.
Develop an alternative solution based on your own research using 3 to 5 academic sources from journals, professional organizations, and websites.
State your informed opinion of the approach used by California Sutter Health, and provide support using concepts from your research and personal experience.
***** In Case it's needed ****
- here is the text of the article for final paper
How should a hospital go about increasing its upfront collections from self- pay patients? California's Sutter Health has found an effective way to accomplish this goal.
We all know the mantra, "no margin, no mission." One increasingly important strategy for optimizing margins in this time of high- deductible health plans and higher copayments is to collect more cash from patients, including self- pay patients.
Much has been made of the fact that nearly 47 million Americans are uninsured, but it's an erroneous assumption that none of these people can afford to pay for their health care. More than 80 percent of uninsured people come from working families, and many may have the resources to pay for some or all of their health care- if only someone would ask them to.
That "someone" is the patient financial services (PFS) staff member. To frame the question in a way that will elicit the most positive response, PFS staff need complete, accurate, and timely information and the appropriate skills- and the confidence to use them. These needs apply especially to registration staff because the best time to collect payment for services is before those services are provided.
Registration staff, however, typically are unaccustomed to asking for money. It is therefore important that the transfer of this responsibility from the back end- the central business office and collectors- to these front-end staff be managed thoughtfully and in a well-organized manner that takes into account the needs of all PFS staff.
The Sutter Health Approach
Sutter Health, one of Northern California's largest providers, is committed to giving its PFS staff on both the front and back ends the tools they need to improve patient collections and thus the system's bottom line. Having started in 2006 with the patient account representatives, collectors, and other members of the central business office of its Sacramento/Sierra region, the health system is working its way forward to the registration staff, ultimately aiming to transfer many of the back-end functions to the front end and make point-of-service collection the norm.
In the first three months of the project, Sutter reduced accounts receivable (A/R days) for the nine hospitals in the region from 65 to 59. Given that each on.
Incentives and Their Effects Please respond to the followingR.docx
"Incentives and Their Effects"
Please respond to the following:
Research has shown that people have a basic need for recognition. Managers often think that financial rewards are the best incentive for employees. List three ways managers can use incentives to reward and recognize their teams of employees without spending any money. Explain your reasoning.
Analyze why money is often thought to be the most effective motivator and how the hospitality industry is able to dispel this common assumption.
.
In.docx
Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Next Year
This Year
Next Year
Revenue
$5,000
Total assets
$1,000
$2,000
Operating expenses
4,000
Liabilities & equity:
EBIT
1,000
Current liabilities
$ 576
$ 200
Interest (8%)
?
Long-term debt
100
?
EBT
?
Equity
324
?
Taxes(40%)
?
Earnings after tax
?
Total liabilities
& equity
$1,000
$2,000
The firm pays 8% interest on all of its debt and is subject to a 40% tax rate. Complete the plan.
1. Emperor Corporation's financial statements for the last year are shown below. The firm paid a $1,000 dividend to its stockholders during the year. There were no sales of new stock.
Balance Sheets
ASSETS
Ending
Beginning
Income Statement
Cash
$ 2,000
$ 1,600
Sales
$100,000
Accounts receivable
12,000
5,200
COGS
80,000
Inventory
14,000
15,600
Gross Margin
$ 20,000
Current Assets
$28,000
$22,400
Cash Expenses
$ 8,000
Gross Fixed assets
$27,000
$20,000
Depreciation
1,600
Accumulated depreciation
(16,000
)
(14,400
)
EBIT
$ 10,400
Net fixed assets
11,000
5,600
Interest
800
Total assets
$39,000
$28,000
EBT
$ 9,600
LIABILITIES
Tax
2,600
Accounts payable
$ 3,000
$ 2,500
Net Income
$ 7,000
Accruals
1,000
1,500
Current Liabilities
$ 4,000
$ 4,000
Long term Debt
10,000
5,000
Equity
25,000
19,000
Total liabilities & equity
$39,000
$28,000
Develop Emperor's Statement of Cash Flows.
.
In your own words, using two approaches, contrast global tax syste.docx
In your own words, using two approaches, contrast global tax systems.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
Moffett, M. H., Stonehill, A. I., & Eiteman, D. K. (2012).
Fundamentals of multinational finance
. (IV ed., pp. 387-392). New York: Pearson.
.
In your textbook, Feenstra (2011) states, As we explore persuasion,.docx
In your textbook, Feenstra (2011) states, “As we explore persuasion, we can divide the persuasive communication into three parts: the communicator, the message, and the audience.” (p. 88).
For your assignment this week, construct a paper that provides an in-depth analysis of the three parts of persuasion. Address the following points in your paper:
1. Who – Describe the Characteristics of the Persuader: What influences our ability to become persuaded by someone? What specific characteristics must this person possess? Be sure to address the impact of credibility, physical attractiveness, and likeability in your response. Why do we respond well to those who possess such characteristics? Would we respond the same to an unattractive, angry, or non-credible person? Why not?
2. What – Discuss the Characteristics of the Message: What attributes are inherent in persuasive messages? How are we influenced by the emotion, framing, narratives, and rational appeals in the messaging we receive? What is the significance of the sleeper effect?
3. To Whom – Examine the Characteristics of the Audience: Why do different audiences perceive messages in different ways? What is the role of culture, gender, and self-esteem in this process? How does the elaboration likelihood model help to explain the relationship between the persuader, the message, and the audience?
4. Review the excerpt from p. 97 of your textbook, Social Psychology in Depth: Word of Mouth and Persuasion. How does the e-word of mouth phenomena illustrate the concepts above? Please be specific in your response.
Include an introduction, thesis statement, and conclusion. Your completed assignment must be three to four pages in length (excluding title and reference pages), and must follow APA guidelines as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Include a minimum of three APA references.
.
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SOURCES THAT ARE INCLUDED MUST BE USED, NO OUTSIDE SOURCES!A. .docx
SOURCES THAT ARE INCLUDED MUST BE USED, NO OUTSIDE SOURCES!
A. Justification
At the time of their founding, Latin American countries drew inspiration from
the United States and its system of government based on democratically elected
presidents subject to checks and balances from independent and co-equal branches of
government. Yet democracy proved to be little more than an aspiration during most
of the region’s independent history with countries fluctuating repeatedly, often in
quick succession, from popularly elected leaders to dictatorships. Democracy failed to
take root in even the wealthiest and most industrialized countries in the region as
exemplified by repressive military dictatorships that ruled the Southern Cone during
the 1970s.
However, starting in the late 1970s and gathering momentum during the
1980s, Latin American dictatorships were replaced by popularly elected
governments. This time really did prove different. Despite setbacks and persistent
(and often well-justified) concerns about tangible results of democracy (its
deliverables), today all but two Latin American countries qualify as functioning (if
somewhat flawed) democracies.
Democracy is, for now, to quote Linz and Stepan (1996, 15), “the only game in
town” in Latin America. With that problem resolved, social scientists have turned
their attention to a new problem: the quality of said democracies:
How far are today’s democratically elected governments from what was
promised to the electorate prior to transition?
Specifically, what are the main strengths and weaknesses of each of the
region’s democracies?
You will tackle these questions by conducting an audit of the quality of
democracy in a Latin American country of your choosing. This assignment combined
with class lectures on the larger political trends in the region’s recent history, will
provide you with a more detailed and nuanced picture of Latin American Politics.
B. Assignment
1) You are to research and write a policy memo evaluating the state of democracy Argentina. The memo should
be about 2,500 words or 10 pages long (double-spaced).
2) Begin by understanding the concept of democratic quality and the ways in which
it can assessed. Quality of democracy in the country you select should be assessed
following the framework developed by Levine and Molina (2011). Said framework
evaluates the quality of a country’s democracy based on five criteria:
1) Electoral Decision; 2) Participation; 3) Responsiveness; 4.) Accountability;
and 5) Sovereignty.
Read:
o Daniel M. Levine, and Jose Molina, editors. 2011. The Quality of
Democracy in Latin America. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers,
Chapters 1.
3) Get acquainted with the history of and the main political issues in your country.
For that, you are required to read your country’s chapter in:
Skidmore, Thomas E., Peter H. Smith, and James N. Green. 2010. Modern
Latin America, 7th Edition. New York: Oxford Unive.
Transnational Crime and the Global Community
Transnational crime involves marketing illegal products or services across international borders to generate profits that support further criminal activity. It affects the global community by destabilizing governments and creating fear among citizens. Over 50 activities fall under transnational crime, including human trafficking, weapons smuggling, and drug trafficking. These criminal operations have far-reaching impacts on human rights and strain local resources and systems. Criminal organizations operate transnational drug and human trafficking rings like businesses, exploiting consumer demand and generating over $193 billion annually from drug sales in the U.S. alone. Violence is often used by these organizations to maintain control and influence.
The United States has one of the lowest voter turnout rates amon
The United States has one of the lowest voter turnout rates among modern democratic political systems. During the last decade, many initiatives have been undertaken to increase voter participation, yet concerns about the possibility of election fraud have also increased. Additionally, some political interests feel threatened by the increase in turnout among some traditionally low-turnout ethnic minorities. Several states have recently passed legislation imposing new registration and identification requirements. This has sparked debate about whether these are tactics intended to suppress turnout or to prevent fraud. Think about the media’s role in the election process and how both mass media and social media can impact the election process. How has the media’s role changed in recent years, especially considering President Trump’s stance on “fake news”?
Write:
In your initial post,
Describe voter ID laws in a state of your choosing. Summarize any recent developments or controversies regarding voter ID laws in the state you have chosen.
Analyze and describe the pros and cons on both sides of the debate about these laws.
Is voter fraud a major problem for our democracy, or are some groups trying to make it harder for some segments of society to vote?
Analyze the impact that media (mass and social) has had in influencing public opinion, specifically regarding voter ID laws.
How was the Trump/Clinton election in 2016 impacted by voter laws and the media?
This web page provides an overview of some of the differences in Voter ID laws in the different states:
Voting Laws & Requirements: Voting Methods and Options (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
.
min 3oo words
...
Corruption and the Military in Politics
https://www.gla.ac.uk/media/media_184189_en.pdf
Sources of Corruption: Military in Politics, Income Distribution
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CORRUPTION IN THAILAND: CRONYISM, POLICE, MILITARY, THAKSIN AND POLITICIANS AFTER THAKSIN
https://thediplomat.com/2017/11/chinas-senior-general-commits-suicide-under-corruption-investigation/
Chinese Senior General Commits Suicide Under Corruption Investigation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Myanmar
Corruption in Myanmar
http://www.wired.co.uk/article/jade-trade-burma-corruption
Global Witness: corruption inside Myanmar's military-run jade trade
https://www.globalwitness.org/fr/campaigns/myanmar/jade-and-generals/
Jade and the Generals | Global Witness
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-24/how-military-controls-myanmar-not-aung-san-suu-kyi/8978042
Myanmar: How the military still controls the country, not Aung San Suu Kyi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwGuSUM2kh0
Chapter 2 Criminal Justice
The document summarizes key concepts in criminology. It discusses how crime data is collected through the Uniform Crime Report and National Crime Victimization Survey. It also defines hypotheses and theories, and summarizes several criminological theories like social disorganization theory, social process theory, and theories connecting offenders and victims. The chronic offender theory is explained as the idea that a small group is responsible for most crime. The importance of research accessibility for the criminal justice system is noted.
Drug Trafficking - CrimeTerrorism NexusThe connection between.docx
Drug Trafficking - Crime/Terrorism Nexus
The connection between drug trafficking and criminal activity, including terrorism, falls into two main categories. Drug traffickers engage in criminal activity as a method of their operations or terrorist engage in drug trafficking as a financial means for their terrorist activities. The threat to national securities lies not only in the increased crime by these groups individually, but also in the collaboration of the groups. For instance, the tunnels that are used to smuggle illicit drugs and illegal immigrants could also be used to smuggle terrorists and/or weapons of mass destruction.
Crime Nexus
The link between drug trafficking and other criminal activity lies primarily in traffickers using criminal activity in their trafficking activities. Drug traffickers often engage in violent crimes, to include assault, robbery, kidnapping, and murder, as well as other crimes such as extortion and money laundering. Gangs commit much of the crime in the United States associated with drug trafficking. “Gangs are responsible for an average of 48 percent of violent crime in most jurisdictions and much higher in others. Some jurisdictions in Arizona, California, Colorado, Illinois, Massachusetts, Oklahoma, and Texas report that gangs are responsible for at least 90 percent of crime…NDIC reporting indicates that gang control over drug distribution and disputes over drug territory has increased, which may be responsible for the increase in violence in many areas” (National Gang Intelligence Center, 15).
Weapons Seized with Drugs
Source: DEA
Terrorism Nexus
The nexus between drug traffickers and terrorism lies primarily in the realm of terrorist organizations using drug trafficking as a method to make money to finance their terrorist activities. Some terrorist organizations actually produce, transport, and distribute illicit drugs while others “tax” the traffickers in their area of operation. “Manifestations of narcoterrorism are manifold and far reaching: increased drug production; wide spread abuse of drugs; serious drug-related crime; threats to the rule of law, public security, and public health; money laundering; infiltration of the legal economy; and financing of terrorism. It has been estimated that the FARC guerilla of Colombia has a net profit from drug-related crime (including the “taxation” and “protection” of the illegal cocaine trade) of at least 300 million USD every year. The annual total income from the drug trade for movements such as al‐Qaeda has been estimated by the U.N. to be 2.4 billion USD” (Hartelius, iii).
Money laundering
Money laundering is another criminal activity that nearly all criminals engage in, including drug trafficking groups and terrorist groups. Criminals must account for the money obtained from illicit activities, so they look to money laundering. DTOs have entire components of their organizations responsible for laundering their illicit pr.
Conflict theory and racial profiling An empirical analysis.docx
Conflict theory and racial profiling: An empirical analysis
of police traffic stop data
Matthew Petrocellia, Alex R. Piquerob, Michael R. Smithc,*
aDepartment of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
bCenter for Studies in Criminology and Law, University of Florida, 201 Walker Hall, P.O. Box 115950,
Gainesville, FL 32611-5950, USA
cCriminal Justice Program, Washington State University, Spokane, 668 North Riverpoint Boulevard, Box B,
Spokane, WA 99202-1662, USA
Abstract
Using data collected by the Richmond, Virginia Police Department, this article applies conflict theory to police
traffic stop practices. In particular, it explores whether police traffic stop, search, and arrest practices differ
according to racial or socioeconomic factors among neighborhoods. Three principal findings emanate from this
research. First, the total number of stops by Richmond police was determined solely by the crime rate of the
neighborhood. Second, the percentage of stops that resulted in a search was determined by the percentage of
Black population. Third, when examining the percentage of stops that ended in an arrest/summons, the analyses
suggest that both the percentage of Black population and the area crime rate served to decrease the percentage of
police stops that ended in an arrest/summons. Implications for conflict theory and police decision-making are
addressed.
D 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Introduction
Conflict theory holds that law and the mecha-
nisms of its enforcement are used by dominant
groups in society to minimize threats to their interests
posed by those whom they label as dangerous,
especially minorities and the poor. Over the past
several years, racial profiling by police has become
an issue of national significance. In his first speech to
Congress on February 27, 2001, President Bush
addressed racial profiling and directed Attorney Gen-
eral John Ashcroft to develop a set of recommenda-
tions to end racial profiling by America’s police
forces. Although empirical data on racial profiling
is scarce (Government Accounting Office, 2000),
conflict theory suggests that police may indeed target
minorities when conducting traffic stops or field
interrogations.
Using data collected by the Richmond, Virginia
Police Department, this article tests the application of
conflict theory to police traffic stop practices. In
particular, it explores whether police traffic stop,
search, and arrest practices differ according to racial
or socioeconomic factors among neighborhoods (e.g.,
Smith, 1986). Previous research on conflict theory
and the police used data from multiple cities or states
to examine differences in minority treatment by the
police at the macro level. This article extends the
current research by presenting a micro-level analysis
of police practices using census tract data from a
single city. It begins with a discussion of prior
.
Assignment 2 Measures of CrimeMeasuring crime can be a difficul.docx
Assignment 2: Measures of Crime
Measuring crime can be a difficult process. By its very nature, crime is something that goes undetected. Law enforcement has developed a variety of techniques to track crime, such as police reports and victim reports. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) uses the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program for tracking crime; it reports crime in more than one way. All crime reporting and tracking systems categorize crime and have certain limitations.
Measuring crime involves tracking statistics such as demographic information and moderator variables related to the crimes. Moderator variables are any third variable in a correlation that affects the relationship between the first two variables. For example, we may find that gender is related to violent crime with a higher percentage of males engaging in violent behavior. However, a moderator variable would be age, with the highest percentage of violent offenders being below the age of 30.
Research US crime statistics using the Internet. You can also use the following:
· US Department of Justice, The Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2009). 2008 crime in the United States: About crime in the U.S. Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2008
Select a crime and write a report addressing the following:
· Summarize the statistics from the last two reporting years. Be sure to include demographic information such as ethnicity, race, age, gender, marital status, employment status, socioeconomic group, etc., and moderator variables related to the crime.
· Examine the reliability and validity of these statistics. Are they accurate? Why or why not? Be sure to discuss how age, gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic level are related to offending and representation in the criminal justice system.
· Explain whether certain populations are overrepresented in the statistics. If so, why?
Use the textbook and peer-reviewed sources to support your arguments.
Write a 3 full-pages report in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
Assignment 3 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Summarized statistics for the previous two reporting years including demographic information.
20
Explained the accuracy, reliability, and validity of the statistics.
14
Discussed how age, gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic level are related to offending and representation in the criminal justice system.
14
Analyzed the statistics to determine whether certain populations are over-represented.
32
Provided well-researched, authoritative sources in support of the arguments.
12
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
8
Total:
100
...
HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA6Jerv
HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 6
Jervaughn F. Reid
Helm School of Government, Liberty University
Human Trafficking in United states of America
Dr. Melvin Richards
July 1, 2021
Author Note
Jervaughn F. Reid
I do not have any conflict of interest to disclose.
Any communication about this article should be articulated to
Jervaughn F. Reid
Email: [email protected]
Human Trafficking in United States of America.
Human trafficking is among the Criminal activities that have been so common in most countries worldwide. Some of these countries suffer from the organized crimes by a group of gangsters. The fascinating thing is that majority of these criminal activities are observant with rational choicer theory and the conspiracy theory. By observing these theories imply that the organizers of the crime do it under their full conscience. Before they do the crime, they calculate the impacts of crime and find it more beneficial. They overlook the adverse effects to be outshined by the positive impact. Criminal cases take different nature; some may be due to robbery with violence. Some may be due to conning where the perpetrators of the criminal activity apply their witty character to get what they need from the victims. Human trafficking is one of the criminal activities that has since been ravaging the United States of America.
These criminal activities through human trafficking have impacted the concerned countries in several ways, for example, in the human rights aspect or financial aspect. Several countries, as a result, try as much as possible to combat such criminal cases. The concerned countries address these issues through the inaction of rules and laws that help tackle criminal cases. Others use religious intervention by preaching to people worldwide so that the criminals can change their minds and avoid involved in criminal activities.
This paper aims to address the crime topology of the human trafficking done by Ping in the United States of America. Under this, it will address the nature of people and the society in the country. In addition to that, it will address the structure of the government. The paper captures the scope of the organized crime of human trafficking, the impact of crime on the United States, policies that may help mitigate human trafficking crime, and finally, address the biblical allusion to the aspects of the organized crime above.
Country Analysis
The United States of America are history show that many criminal cases have primarily manifested in the past. The United States of America can get located in North America and borders countries like Mexico and Canada. It consists of 50 state and federal districts.
People and Society of the United States of America
It has various diversities ranging from Asian, African, Hispanic, European, and native American origin. In addition, the country also has a direct link to other countries outside, like the republic of China (Tushnet, 2016). All these pe ...
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses several topics related to globalization and crime, including how globalization has increased interconnectedness and opportunities for transnational crime. It examines how global economic trends impact supply and demand for illegal goods. It also explores how globalization has influenced risk perceptions and criminal organizations. Green criminology is introduced as an approach that considers environmental harms rather than just legal definitions of crime.
Each response is 250 words eachResponse 1For me, this.docx
Each response is 250 words each
Response 1:
For me, this weeks’ readings were more difficult than last weeks. Human right is such a powerful subject because, in my view, it’s a big “What’s in it for me”? “There was outrage about the Holocaust, but the fact is that genocide and crimes against humanity were integral to European colonization of the 18th through 20th centuries” (Benjamin 2009). I keep circling back to this point as Western Democracies hold themselves in such esteem, a vast majority of issues were self-created through colonization. Only four of the worlds’ countries were not colonized by Europe; Japan, Korea, Thailand, Liberia (Fisher 2015). I believe that legacy of living under forced rule creates a deep, systemic culture of potential abuse. The 2020 Human Rights Watch world reports identifies human rights violations or notable situations in120 nations or 61 percent of all countries (Human Rights Watch 2020). As complete as that sounds, it further reports more situation under investigation (ibid). It includes the United States for its criminal legal system (death penalty, racial disparity of incarcerated), juveniles in the court system, racial justice and policing and on and on. Going back further in our history, our genocide against the Native American population and the linkage between Nazi Germany patterning its Nuremburg Laws after our Jim Crow laws (Rose 2018) should give us pause for thought on why this is so important and how committed we should be to the cause. How did the United States escape shame and punishment for its own apartheid with Jim Crow when South Africa did not? So, we ask how we determine if human rights IOs are effective? Big issues like genocide, famine, displacement, refugees, make headlines, create some international action but then fade into the former news cycle. Human Rights Watch (HRW) provides an annual report on global issues. But how many people know what HRW is? This comes across as rather jaded and I suppose it is a realist point of view as only the strongest survive and nations only act when they can get something in return. Agreeing to human rights treaties offers nothing in return aside from the satisfaction of standing up for other humans.
Hathaway (2007) considers important factors of why states agree to human rights treaties. I find it obvious that less than democratic countries with poor human rights records buck these types of treaties because they have no foundational respect for human rights. The observation, “formal international legal enforcement of the treaties is minimal to nonexistent” Merry (2006), reminds me of Robin Williams describing how the police in the UK stop a crime by saying, “Stop, or I’ll say stop again!” (Williams 1986). It goes back to my original question of what is in it for me? Is naming and shaming the best route (Meernik, et al. 2012)? Is it the boomerang theory? IOs have made strides in broadening our understanding of human rights.
Assignment DetailsBecause crime is one of the more appealing theme.docx
Assignment Details
Because crime is one of the more appealing themes in popular culture, the public receives a skewed version of crime.
The public’s knowledge may be particularly lacking with regard to the entire field of criminology, specifically the following:
The differences between blue-collar and white-collar crime
The general perception of the incidence of crime in the United States
You are asked, as the public relations representative of your police department, to provide an information session on the field of criminology. The expectation is to make sure that the public understands the facts of law enforcement and to differentiate between the fictions presented in different media outlets.
Please answer the questions below, and complete the requirements for your paper of 3
–
4 pages. As you answer each question, complete the following:
Provide support or evidence that will enhance and empirically prove your answers.
Academic criminal justice articles or real-life criminal justice findings that are found in journals or other academic sources must be used in supporting your answers.
Please use APA format for all cited sources, including your reference page.
Remember when answering the questions below that there is a big difference between the public sector and the private sector. The public sector of criminal justice includes being a police officer, a crime scene technician, a federal law enforcement officer, and so on. The private sector may include you being an investigator for a company, a private investigator, a security manager for a large company, a security manager for an amusement park or a sports team, and so on.
The questions are as follows:
Explain the differences between
criminologists
and
criminalists
and their respective areas of study. How are the criminologists and criminalists used in the public sector (working within a governmental body)? How are they used in the private sector (in businesses and not in law enforcement)?
If you were a criminalist, what type of job or career would you want in the private sector? In the public sector? Explain why you would want each of these careers.
If you were a criminologist, what type of job or career would you want in the private sector? In the public sector? Explain why you would want each of these careers.
Discuss the differences between white-collar crime and blue-collar crime. Which types of crime are measured by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in the
Uniform Crime Reports
?
Which of the two (blue-collar or white-collar crime) is heavily focused on in popular culture through the media?
What is the difference between a Part-I index crime and a Part-II index crime as measured in the
Uniform Crime Reports
of the FBI?
Which Part-I crimes would you classify as violent crimes, and which would you classify as property crimes?
.
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Learning Objectives
• Review the ideological and financial obstacles to criminal justice system reform.
• Analyze the disconnect between popular assumptions and scientific evidence about crime.
• Analyze evidence-driven crime-control strategies in contemporary America.
• Understand options to reform to the criminal justice system in contemporary America.
• Contrast retributivism and restorative justice as guiding principles for criminal justice.
• Articulate the critical role of interdisciplinary approaches to criminal justice system reform.
Reducing Crime and Reforming
the Criminal Justice System
10
coL82305_10_c10_307-338.indd 307 7/5/13 4:23 PM
Section 10.1 The Challenge of the Status Quo CHAPTER 10
In August of 2010, after serving nearly 10 years in prison for two bank robberies, Lance
Brown walked out of a North Carolina prison a free man. Since his release he has been
struggling with poverty and homelessness and was forced out of a homeless shelter for
fighting with another patron. In April of 2012, Brown approached his parole officer and
asked what he needed to do to get put back in prison! His parole officer referred him to
a series of agencies and support services that Brown did not pursue. Instead, he walked
into the local courthouse in Columbus Georgia and threatened to kill the president of the
United States. However, officers did not believe that Brown’s threats were credible and
thus there were no consequences. Apparently frustrated, Brown exited the courthouse
and promptly threw a brick through the glass front door of the courthouse. Brown was
held in jail for 9 months awaiting trial. At trial he was sentenced to 1 month in jail and
3 years probation for malicious mischief. In court, Brown noted that his behavior would
result in shelter in a facility in which at least, “someone’s going to offer me a sandwich
and drink” (Associated Press, 2012, p. 1).
Many experts believe that the problem of crime in America is grounded in larger issues
of social structural marginality. Thus, issues like the economy, poverty, health care, and
education may be central in an encompassing crime-control strategy.
10.1 The Challenge of the Status Quo
One of the paramount challenges in criminology is developing systematic, evidence-driven and practical public policies to address the crime problem. However, pub-lic policy does not exist in a vacuum; developing, implementing, and evaluating
cost-effective and pragmatic crime-control policies is only part of the challenge. Many
experts highlight that changes in criminal justice policy include a series of obstacles. There
are ideological barriers to change given America’s historic support of “tough on crime”
policies. There are individuals and industries that benefit from the criminal justice system
in its existing form. And individuals and groups reap massive profits from committing
crime in America an ...
Running head PROJECT PROPOSAL ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING 1PROJECT PR.docx
Running head: PROJECT PROPOSAL ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING 1
PROJECT PROPOSAL ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING 2
The Effectiveness of Anti-Human Trafficking Laws
Amber Miles
Savannah State University
Project Proposal: The Effectiveness of Anti-Human Trafficking Laws
Project Background
Human trafficking (HT) is considered and criminalized by the United Nations as a form of modern slavery. It is also considered to be a major human rights challenge for authorities both in the developed and developing economies. The crime manifests in the form of sex trafficking and labor trafficking. Early perceptions of human trafficking tended to view it as entailing sexual exploitation of women and girls. Today, the United States categorizes human trafficking as encompassing wide arrays of crimes and affecting boys and men as well (Federal Anti-Trafficking Laws, 2019). The federal government recognizes that human trafficking in the United States predominantly takes the form of domestic servitude, forced labor in construction industries, brides trafficking, and coerced working in agricultural plantations.
The United Nations defines trafficking in persons as “the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation” (Zimmerman & Kiss, 2017). While a lot of human trafficking takes place within the country, a recent trend in international trafficking has created cartels across the world that facilitate illegal movement of people mainly from poor, low-income countries to developed economies (Global Report on Trafficking in Persons, 2014). Countries such as the Netherlands, Romania, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone have been cited internationally as major origin and transit countries for human trafficking.
The impact of HT on individuals and economies cannot be understated. International human trafficking (IHT) is known to encompass drug trafficking. Trafficked persons are forced under threat to their lives to traffic narcotics across international borders. The risk posed to victims is immense since it not only impairs their mental capacity but also exposes them to punitive sentences if caught trafficking drugs on behalf of their controlling masters. Besides cognitive impairment and potential memory loss, victims of HT are exposed to despicable physical abuse including rape, sexual slavery, servitude, and aggravated assault resulting in bodily harm. In other instances, victims are abused and killed. Analysis by the U.S State Department of recent cases of HT indicate that a significant number of victims are children who are duped under the pretext of finding a better life abroad or in large urban centers where they cannot be easily identified.
Des.
Similar to In Unit III, you have learned about different criminal justice theor.docx (14)
SOURCES THAT ARE INCLUDED MUST BE USED, NO OUTSIDE SOURCES!A. .docx
SOURCES THAT ARE INCLUDED MUST BE USED, NO OUTSIDE SOURCES!A. .docx
The United States has one of the lowest voter turnout rates amon
The United States has one of the lowest voter turnout rates amon
Drug Trafficking - CrimeTerrorism NexusThe connection between.docx
Drug Trafficking - CrimeTerrorism NexusThe connection between.docx
Conflict theory and racial profiling An empirical analysis.docx
Conflict theory and racial profiling An empirical analysis.docx
Assignment 2 Measures of CrimeMeasuring crime can be a difficul.docx
Assignment 2 Measures of CrimeMeasuring crime can be a difficul.docx
HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA6Jerv
HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA6Jerv
Each response is 250 words eachResponse 1For me, this.docx
Each response is 250 words eachResponse 1For me, this.docx
Assignment DetailsBecause crime is one of the more appealing theme.docx
Assignment DetailsBecause crime is one of the more appealing theme.docx
Running head PROJECT PROPOSAL ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING 1PROJECT PR.docx
Running head PROJECT PROPOSAL ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING 1PROJECT PR.docx
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***** In Case it's needed ****
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How should a hospital go about increasing its upfront collections from self- pay patients? California's Sutter Health has found an effective way to accomplish this goal.
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Income Statement
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Next Year
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Total assets
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Operating expenses
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Current liabilities
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$ 1,600
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$20,000
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Net fixed assets
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Interest
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Accounts payable
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Accruals
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Your response should be at least 200 words in length. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
Moffett, M. H., Stonehill, A. I., & Eiteman, D. K. (2012).
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.
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Your response should be at least 200 words in length. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
Moffett, M. H., Stonehill, A. I., & Eiteman, D. K. (2012).
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No Wiki, no dictionary.com, please cite all work.
.
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Moffett, M. H., Stonehill, A. I., & Eiteman, D. K. (2012).
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.
In your own words, distinguish between two proactive methods of ma.docx
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Your response should be at least 200 words in length. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
Moffett, M. H., Stonehill, A. I., & Eiteman, D. K. (2012).
Fundamentals of multinational finance
. (IV ed., pp. 308-309, 312-314). New York: Pearson.
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