The study evaluated 46 chemical constituents of Psoralea corylifolia for their ability to inhibit the enzymes alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase. Molecular docking showed that several constituents had stronger binding to the enzymes than the known inhibitor acarbose. Bavachalcone, Bisbakuchiol A, and Isobavachalcone showed particularly strong binding to both enzymes. These constituents may have potential as treatments for diabetes by inhibiting the enzymes and slowing carbohydrate breakdown. Further research is needed to develop potent alpha glucosidase inhibitors.
1) Researchers screened chemical compounds from the plant sweet flag (Acorus calamus L) as potential inhibitors of the enzyme α-glucosidase using molecular docking simulations.
2) Docking results identified two compounds - 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-di(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexane and Isocaespitol - as the most potent inhibitors, with the lowest calculated free energy of binding to α-glucosidase.
3) These compounds may have applications in treating diabetes by inhibiting α-glucosidase and slowing carbohydrate breakdown and blood glucose increases after meals.
1) Researchers used a high pressure homogenizer to depolymerize high molecular weight β-glucan without additives like strong acids or alkalis.
2) As pressure and number of passes through the homogenizer increased, the viscosity and molecular weight of β-glucan solutions decreased due to breakage of glycosidic bonds from shear, cavitation, and impact effects.
3) Viscosity decreased by up to 84% and molecular weight decreased by up to 84% after 5 passes at 1500 bar through the homogenizer. Characterization with FT-IR, UV-Vis, and XRD confirmed the depolymerization of β-glucan.
Chlorogenic acid (CGA): A potential Anti-obesity Phytochem...sudharani028
CHLOROGENIC ACID (CGA) belongs to the super family Caffeoylic Acid is gaining lot of media attention due to its anti-potential property. The word “Chloro" derived from Greek (light green) and Genic means "giving rise to”. You will get the information related to the anti-obesity phytochemical (CGA) and its mechanism in managing obesity
This document describes a method for enriching and identifying O-GlcNAc-modified proteins and sites using click chemistry, on-resin digestion, and selective β-elimination. The method involves metabolic labeling of cells with azide-modified GlcNAc, click chemistry to purify labeled proteins, on-resin digestion, and β-elimination to selectively tag and identify former O-GlcNAc sites. Using this approach, the authors identified over 1500 O-GlcNAc proteins and 185 modification sites from a single cell line, demonstrating the utility of the method for proteome-wide analysis of O-GlcNAcylation. They also applied the method to study the effects of an
The document describes the enzymatic synthesis of glucosyl rebaudioside A from rebaudioside A using recombinant dextransucrase from Leuconostoc lactis. Glucosyl rebaudioside A was produced with 86% yield and purified. It showed improved solubility and stability in acidic and thermal conditions compared to rebaudioside A, indicating its potential as a highly pure and stable sweetener. The structure of glucosyl rebaudioside A was characterized through NMR and LC-MS analysis.
Auricularia auricula-judae, commonly known as wood ear or jelly ear, is an edible mushroom that grows on wood worldwide. It contains various nutrients and bioactive polysaccharides, particularly beta-glucan, which have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and immune-modulating effects. While Auricularia auricula has many potential health benefits, its anticoagulant properties could interact with blood thinners, so those on medication should consult their healthcare provider before consuming it.
The document summarizes a study on the bioconversion of whey to 2,3-butanediol using Klebsiella oxytoca NRRL-13-199. It describes how K. oxytoca was able to effectively utilize lactose in whey permeate to produce 2,3-butanediol, achieving a yield of 0.259 g/g lactose utilized. The addition of acetate at 50 mM concentration increased butanediol yield 1.5-fold to 0.365 g/g lactose utilized. The process also led to 88% and 92% reductions in COD and BOD, respectively, indicating it can help reduce environmental pollution from whey waste.
1) Researchers screened chemical compounds from the plant sweet flag (Acorus calamus L) as potential inhibitors of the enzyme α-glucosidase using molecular docking simulations.
2) Docking results identified two compounds - 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-di(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexane and Isocaespitol - as the most potent inhibitors, with the lowest calculated free energy of binding to α-glucosidase.
3) These compounds may have applications in treating diabetes by inhibiting α-glucosidase and slowing carbohydrate breakdown and blood glucose increases after meals.
1) Researchers used a high pressure homogenizer to depolymerize high molecular weight β-glucan without additives like strong acids or alkalis.
2) As pressure and number of passes through the homogenizer increased, the viscosity and molecular weight of β-glucan solutions decreased due to breakage of glycosidic bonds from shear, cavitation, and impact effects.
3) Viscosity decreased by up to 84% and molecular weight decreased by up to 84% after 5 passes at 1500 bar through the homogenizer. Characterization with FT-IR, UV-Vis, and XRD confirmed the depolymerization of β-glucan.
Chlorogenic acid (CGA): A potential Anti-obesity Phytochem...sudharani028
CHLOROGENIC ACID (CGA) belongs to the super family Caffeoylic Acid is gaining lot of media attention due to its anti-potential property. The word “Chloro" derived from Greek (light green) and Genic means "giving rise to”. You will get the information related to the anti-obesity phytochemical (CGA) and its mechanism in managing obesity
This document describes a method for enriching and identifying O-GlcNAc-modified proteins and sites using click chemistry, on-resin digestion, and selective β-elimination. The method involves metabolic labeling of cells with azide-modified GlcNAc, click chemistry to purify labeled proteins, on-resin digestion, and β-elimination to selectively tag and identify former O-GlcNAc sites. Using this approach, the authors identified over 1500 O-GlcNAc proteins and 185 modification sites from a single cell line, demonstrating the utility of the method for proteome-wide analysis of O-GlcNAcylation. They also applied the method to study the effects of an
The document describes the enzymatic synthesis of glucosyl rebaudioside A from rebaudioside A using recombinant dextransucrase from Leuconostoc lactis. Glucosyl rebaudioside A was produced with 86% yield and purified. It showed improved solubility and stability in acidic and thermal conditions compared to rebaudioside A, indicating its potential as a highly pure and stable sweetener. The structure of glucosyl rebaudioside A was characterized through NMR and LC-MS analysis.
Auricularia auricula-judae, commonly known as wood ear or jelly ear, is an edible mushroom that grows on wood worldwide. It contains various nutrients and bioactive polysaccharides, particularly beta-glucan, which have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and immune-modulating effects. While Auricularia auricula has many potential health benefits, its anticoagulant properties could interact with blood thinners, so those on medication should consult their healthcare provider before consuming it.
The document summarizes a study on the bioconversion of whey to 2,3-butanediol using Klebsiella oxytoca NRRL-13-199. It describes how K. oxytoca was able to effectively utilize lactose in whey permeate to produce 2,3-butanediol, achieving a yield of 0.259 g/g lactose utilized. The addition of acetate at 50 mM concentration increased butanediol yield 1.5-fold to 0.365 g/g lactose utilized. The process also led to 88% and 92% reductions in COD and BOD, respectively, indicating it can help reduce environmental pollution from whey waste.
This document describes the synthesis of hydroxyapatite/alginate (HAP@Alg) core-shell nanoparticles as pH-responsive drug delivery vehicles. HAP provides pH-responsive biodegradability while alginate provides biocompatibility. The nanoparticles were synthesized using a pre-gel method by adding calcium and phosphate solutions to an alginate solution, resulting in HAP cores surrounded by alginate shells. Rhodamine 6G and doxorubicin were loaded into the nanoparticles and showed pH-dependent release and increased cytotoxicity compared to free drugs. The HAP@Alg nanoparticles demonstrate potential as biocompatible pH-responsive drug carriers.
Characterization of β-Glucan from Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius)BRNSSPublicationHubI
The document characterizes β-glucan extracted from oyster mushrooms through alkaline extraction. β-glucan was extracted using various temperatures, potassium hydroxide concentrations, and extraction times, with the ideal parameters found to be 80°C, 30% KOH, and 90 minutes. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to characterize the extracted β-glucan, which was found to be a β-(1-3) glucose polymer with β-(1-6) side chains and a molecular weight of 349.260 g/mol. Rheological measurements showed the β-glucan has low apparent viscosity in aqueous solutions.
Julkipli et al. 2022. Optimization of cephalosporin C acylase immobilization ...julkipliamsyir
This document describes research to optimize the immobilization of cephalosporin C acylase (CCA) using crosslinked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) technique with chitosan as a co-aggregate. CCA was produced from a mutant strain of Escherichia coli and partially purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation. CCA aggregates were formed by co-aggregation with chitosan and immobilized using glutaraldehyde crosslinking to produce CLEAs-CCA. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the immobilization process by screening influencing factors, determining significant factor levels, and optimizing conditions. The activity of CLEAs-CCA was used as the response parameter to be maximized under optimal immobil
Pharmacologic Weight Loss: An Underutilized Practice in the Fight Against Obe...CrimsonPublishersIOD
This document discusses a study that evaluated the effects of Annona cherimola on complications associated with diabetes in experimental diabetic rats. Key findings include:
1) Treatment with Annona cherimola extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels and regulated the release of insulin, C-peptide, and HbA1c in diabetic rats.
2) The extract also helped maintain renal and liver markers near normal levels and improved antioxidant enzymatic levels in the liver and kidney tissues.
3) Infrared thermal imaging showed that treatment reduced asymmetric temperature distribution in the abdominal area of diabetic rats by 1-5%, indicating improved blood circulation.
This document describes a study that scaled up a process to fractionate hen egg yolks into granule and plasma fractions. Some key findings:
- Granule fraction contained higher levels of protein (2x), lower levels of lipids (2x) and cholesterol (3x) than native egg yolk. It was also enriched in vitamin B9 (folate), containing 3x more than native yolk.
- Protein analysis showed granule fraction mainly composed of high-density lipoproteins and phosvitin, while plasma fraction contained mostly low-density lipoproteins.
- Scaling up was achieved using a tubular bowl centrifuge and resulted in fractions that could have applications in food
This study investigated the effects of the antioxidant baicalein on the pharmacokinetics of the calcium channel blocker nimodipine in rats. Baicalein inhibited the activity of CYP3A4, a key enzyme involved in nimodipine metabolism, in a concentration-dependent manner. It also enhanced the accumulation of a P-glycoprotein substrate, suggesting it inhibits this efflux transporter. When administered with oral nimodipine, baicalein significantly increased nimodipine bioavailability by inhibiting its intestinal and hepatic metabolism and intestinal efflux, without affecting intravenous nimodipine pharmacokinetics. This drug-drug interaction between baicalein and nimodipine could impact their combined
This study isolated endophytic bacteria from the leaves and stems of the Sanrego plant (Lunasia amara), which is traditionally used to treat diabetes in Indonesia. 14 isolates were found from the leaves and 25 from the stems. 10 isolates showed α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, including 3 leaf isolates (D1-D3) and 7 stem isolates (B1-B7). The most potent inhibitor was the D1 isolate, which showed higher inhibition than the drug acarbose. This suggests that endophytic bacteria from the Sanrego plant may produce compounds that inhibit α-glucosidase and warrant further investigation for their antidiabetic properties.
iaetsd Isolation of cellulose from non conventional source and its chemical m...Iaetsd Iaetsd
This document describes isolating cellulose from the weed plant Prosopis juliflora and chemically modifying it into cellulose acetate. Conditions were optimized for isolating cellulose using sodium hydroxide and sodium chlorite treatments. The best isolation results used 50% sodium chlorite with 20% sodium hydroxide at 90°C for 120 minutes. Conditions for acetylating the cellulose into cellulose acetate were also optimized, with the best results at 100°C for 18 hours. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterized the isolated cellulose and synthesized cellulose acetate.
The student researchers purified the enzyme beta-galactosidase from E. coli using several techniques. They first lysed the E. coli cells and isolated the crude lysate. Ammonium sulfate precipitation was used to precipitate proteins, with the 30-45% fraction exhibiting the highest beta-galactosidase activity. Ion exchange chromatography further purified the samples using a salt gradient. Affinity chromatography achieved additional purification by exploiting the enzyme's affinity for its substrate. Bradford and ONPG assays measured protein concentration and enzyme activity after each step. SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed the isolation of pure beta-galactosidase.
New ligands of α2-adrenergic receptor with a potential anti-obesity activityMonika Marcinkowska
This document describes research into new ligands for the α2-adrenergic receptor with potential anti-obesity effects. Researchers synthesized novel tetrahydroisoquinolinedione derivatives targeting the α2 receptor and tested their activity. The highest activity was found for compound A8, a 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxole derivative. Optimization of the synthetic route found that the end product formed with the highest yield using dry 1,4-dioxane, potassium carbonate and potassium iodide at 100°C. Based on in vitro studies, compound A8 was selected for further evaluation in animal obesity models.
Kaempferol increases levels of coenzyme Q in kidney cells and serves as a biosynthetic ring precursor
Complete study available in Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2017 Sep;110:176-187.
doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.06.006. Epub 2017 Jun 9.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of the hydro-alcoholic stem bark extract of Callicarpa arborea Roxb. in diabetic rats. Key findings include:
1) The extract showed significant antioxidant activity in various in vitro assays and was found to be non-toxic up to 2000 mg/kg.
2) In diabetic rats, the extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels, improved glucose tolerance, increased serum insulin levels, and positively affected lipid profiles and liver function markers.
3) Histopathological analysis of pancreas and liver tissues showed protective effects of the extract against diabetes-induced damage.
4) The results suggest that the stem bark
The document summarizes an experiment to determine the polyphenol and caffeine contents that can be extracted from spent coffee grounds, as well as the antioxidant capacities of the extracted compounds. Two types of spent coffee grounds (Costa Robusta and Nandos Arabica) were extracted using ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The extracts were then analyzed using HPLC, FRAP, DPPH, and Folin-Ciocalteu assays to determine caffeine, chlorogenic acid, total polyphenol, and antioxidant levels. The Robusta extract showed higher scavenging ability and electron transfer capacity compared to the Arabican extract based on FRAP and DPPH assays.
This document summarizes an experiment to improve the production of glycolic acid (GA) through the bioconversion of ethylene glycol (EG) using Gluconobacter oxydans. The researchers tested three techniques: fed-batch catalysis (FBC), continuous feeding catalysis (CFC), and successive recycled-cell catalysis (SRC). SRC involved recycling the bacterial cells every 48 hours over five cycles, achieving a total GA production of 490.7 g with over 90% yield and average productivity of 2.04 g/L/h, significantly improving upon FBC and CFC. The twin strategies of end-product control and cell recycling successfully demonstrated large-scale bioconversion of EG to GA.
This document describes the synthesis and characterization of a series of anionic liposaccharide derivatives intended to act as absorption enhancers and improve oral bioavailability of drugs. The liposaccharides were designed with a lipophilic lipid side chain and a hydrophilic head containing glucose and glutamic acid. Isothermal titration calorimetry was used to determine the critical aggregation concentrations and thermodynamic profiles of the liposaccharides. Two liposaccharides formed nanoparticles below 100 nm and had critical aggregation concentrations below 0.325 mM, indicating favorable aggregation in aqueous solution driven by entropy.
RESEARCH ARTICLE ON INCLUSION COMPLEX WITH SBE-B-CD Divya Mishra
The document discusses the preparation and characterization of an inclusion complex of glaucocalyxin-A (GLA) with sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-B-CD) to improve its water solubility. A 1:1 molar ratio complex was formed using co-evaporation. Solubility of GLA increased 76-fold in the complex. Analysis showed effective encapsulation of GLA in SBE-B-CD. A pharmacokinetic study in rats found the complex had a 3-fold higher AUC and significantly prolonged half-life compared to free GLA, indicating longer retention in the body. The complex is an effective way to improve the solubility and
This document describes a study that characterized a series of n-alkylboronic acid inhibitors of the enzyme PvdQ to better understand its ligand selectivity. PvdQ is involved in both siderophore biosynthesis and quorum quenching in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study determined binding affinities (Ki values) for n-alkylboronic acids with chains of 2-6 carbons. X-ray crystal structures were also solved for PvdQ complexes with 1-ethyl-, 1-butyl-, 1-hexyl-, and 1-octylboronic acid. These revealed that longer chain inhibitors formed tetrahedral adducts with the active site Ser217, while shorter chains adopted trigonal planar adduct
Atlantic mackerel protein hydrolysate was fractionated using electro-driven ultrafiltration (EDUF), pressure-driven ultrafiltration, and solid phase extraction to isolate immunomodulatory peptides. Fractions were tested for effects on nitric oxide production in macrophages as a measure of anti-inflammatory activity. pH 3 fractions increased nitric oxide, while the hydrophobic fraction from solid phase extraction decreased nitric oxide production, indicating anti-inflammatory activity. Amino acid analysis found the charged fractions had higher essential amino acid content than other fractions. EDUF fractions contained peptides from 2-6 amino acids in size and were identified as coming from protein precursors through mass spectrometry.
This study examined antioxidant vitamin levels in diabetic patients compared to healthy controls. It found that diabetic patients had significantly higher fasting blood glucose levels and lower levels of vitamins A, C and E. The diabetic patients were divided into groups based on their treatment: diet control, oral hypoglycemic drugs, or insulin therapy. All three diabetic groups had higher blood glucose and lower levels of vitamins A, C and E than the control group. The study concludes that diabetic patients are at risk for antioxidant vitamin deficiencies, which may lead to further health complications.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
This document describes the synthesis of hydroxyapatite/alginate (HAP@Alg) core-shell nanoparticles as pH-responsive drug delivery vehicles. HAP provides pH-responsive biodegradability while alginate provides biocompatibility. The nanoparticles were synthesized using a pre-gel method by adding calcium and phosphate solutions to an alginate solution, resulting in HAP cores surrounded by alginate shells. Rhodamine 6G and doxorubicin were loaded into the nanoparticles and showed pH-dependent release and increased cytotoxicity compared to free drugs. The HAP@Alg nanoparticles demonstrate potential as biocompatible pH-responsive drug carriers.
Characterization of β-Glucan from Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius)BRNSSPublicationHubI
The document characterizes β-glucan extracted from oyster mushrooms through alkaline extraction. β-glucan was extracted using various temperatures, potassium hydroxide concentrations, and extraction times, with the ideal parameters found to be 80°C, 30% KOH, and 90 minutes. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to characterize the extracted β-glucan, which was found to be a β-(1-3) glucose polymer with β-(1-6) side chains and a molecular weight of 349.260 g/mol. Rheological measurements showed the β-glucan has low apparent viscosity in aqueous solutions.
Julkipli et al. 2022. Optimization of cephalosporin C acylase immobilization ...julkipliamsyir
This document describes research to optimize the immobilization of cephalosporin C acylase (CCA) using crosslinked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) technique with chitosan as a co-aggregate. CCA was produced from a mutant strain of Escherichia coli and partially purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation. CCA aggregates were formed by co-aggregation with chitosan and immobilized using glutaraldehyde crosslinking to produce CLEAs-CCA. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the immobilization process by screening influencing factors, determining significant factor levels, and optimizing conditions. The activity of CLEAs-CCA was used as the response parameter to be maximized under optimal immobil
Pharmacologic Weight Loss: An Underutilized Practice in the Fight Against Obe...CrimsonPublishersIOD
This document discusses a study that evaluated the effects of Annona cherimola on complications associated with diabetes in experimental diabetic rats. Key findings include:
1) Treatment with Annona cherimola extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels and regulated the release of insulin, C-peptide, and HbA1c in diabetic rats.
2) The extract also helped maintain renal and liver markers near normal levels and improved antioxidant enzymatic levels in the liver and kidney tissues.
3) Infrared thermal imaging showed that treatment reduced asymmetric temperature distribution in the abdominal area of diabetic rats by 1-5%, indicating improved blood circulation.
This document describes a study that scaled up a process to fractionate hen egg yolks into granule and plasma fractions. Some key findings:
- Granule fraction contained higher levels of protein (2x), lower levels of lipids (2x) and cholesterol (3x) than native egg yolk. It was also enriched in vitamin B9 (folate), containing 3x more than native yolk.
- Protein analysis showed granule fraction mainly composed of high-density lipoproteins and phosvitin, while plasma fraction contained mostly low-density lipoproteins.
- Scaling up was achieved using a tubular bowl centrifuge and resulted in fractions that could have applications in food
This study investigated the effects of the antioxidant baicalein on the pharmacokinetics of the calcium channel blocker nimodipine in rats. Baicalein inhibited the activity of CYP3A4, a key enzyme involved in nimodipine metabolism, in a concentration-dependent manner. It also enhanced the accumulation of a P-glycoprotein substrate, suggesting it inhibits this efflux transporter. When administered with oral nimodipine, baicalein significantly increased nimodipine bioavailability by inhibiting its intestinal and hepatic metabolism and intestinal efflux, without affecting intravenous nimodipine pharmacokinetics. This drug-drug interaction between baicalein and nimodipine could impact their combined
This study isolated endophytic bacteria from the leaves and stems of the Sanrego plant (Lunasia amara), which is traditionally used to treat diabetes in Indonesia. 14 isolates were found from the leaves and 25 from the stems. 10 isolates showed α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, including 3 leaf isolates (D1-D3) and 7 stem isolates (B1-B7). The most potent inhibitor was the D1 isolate, which showed higher inhibition than the drug acarbose. This suggests that endophytic bacteria from the Sanrego plant may produce compounds that inhibit α-glucosidase and warrant further investigation for their antidiabetic properties.
iaetsd Isolation of cellulose from non conventional source and its chemical m...Iaetsd Iaetsd
This document describes isolating cellulose from the weed plant Prosopis juliflora and chemically modifying it into cellulose acetate. Conditions were optimized for isolating cellulose using sodium hydroxide and sodium chlorite treatments. The best isolation results used 50% sodium chlorite with 20% sodium hydroxide at 90°C for 120 minutes. Conditions for acetylating the cellulose into cellulose acetate were also optimized, with the best results at 100°C for 18 hours. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterized the isolated cellulose and synthesized cellulose acetate.
The student researchers purified the enzyme beta-galactosidase from E. coli using several techniques. They first lysed the E. coli cells and isolated the crude lysate. Ammonium sulfate precipitation was used to precipitate proteins, with the 30-45% fraction exhibiting the highest beta-galactosidase activity. Ion exchange chromatography further purified the samples using a salt gradient. Affinity chromatography achieved additional purification by exploiting the enzyme's affinity for its substrate. Bradford and ONPG assays measured protein concentration and enzyme activity after each step. SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed the isolation of pure beta-galactosidase.
New ligands of α2-adrenergic receptor with a potential anti-obesity activityMonika Marcinkowska
This document describes research into new ligands for the α2-adrenergic receptor with potential anti-obesity effects. Researchers synthesized novel tetrahydroisoquinolinedione derivatives targeting the α2 receptor and tested their activity. The highest activity was found for compound A8, a 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxole derivative. Optimization of the synthetic route found that the end product formed with the highest yield using dry 1,4-dioxane, potassium carbonate and potassium iodide at 100°C. Based on in vitro studies, compound A8 was selected for further evaluation in animal obesity models.
Kaempferol increases levels of coenzyme Q in kidney cells and serves as a biosynthetic ring precursor
Complete study available in Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2017 Sep;110:176-187.
doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.06.006. Epub 2017 Jun 9.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of the hydro-alcoholic stem bark extract of Callicarpa arborea Roxb. in diabetic rats. Key findings include:
1) The extract showed significant antioxidant activity in various in vitro assays and was found to be non-toxic up to 2000 mg/kg.
2) In diabetic rats, the extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels, improved glucose tolerance, increased serum insulin levels, and positively affected lipid profiles and liver function markers.
3) Histopathological analysis of pancreas and liver tissues showed protective effects of the extract against diabetes-induced damage.
4) The results suggest that the stem bark
The document summarizes an experiment to determine the polyphenol and caffeine contents that can be extracted from spent coffee grounds, as well as the antioxidant capacities of the extracted compounds. Two types of spent coffee grounds (Costa Robusta and Nandos Arabica) were extracted using ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The extracts were then analyzed using HPLC, FRAP, DPPH, and Folin-Ciocalteu assays to determine caffeine, chlorogenic acid, total polyphenol, and antioxidant levels. The Robusta extract showed higher scavenging ability and electron transfer capacity compared to the Arabican extract based on FRAP and DPPH assays.
This document summarizes an experiment to improve the production of glycolic acid (GA) through the bioconversion of ethylene glycol (EG) using Gluconobacter oxydans. The researchers tested three techniques: fed-batch catalysis (FBC), continuous feeding catalysis (CFC), and successive recycled-cell catalysis (SRC). SRC involved recycling the bacterial cells every 48 hours over five cycles, achieving a total GA production of 490.7 g with over 90% yield and average productivity of 2.04 g/L/h, significantly improving upon FBC and CFC. The twin strategies of end-product control and cell recycling successfully demonstrated large-scale bioconversion of EG to GA.
This document describes the synthesis and characterization of a series of anionic liposaccharide derivatives intended to act as absorption enhancers and improve oral bioavailability of drugs. The liposaccharides were designed with a lipophilic lipid side chain and a hydrophilic head containing glucose and glutamic acid. Isothermal titration calorimetry was used to determine the critical aggregation concentrations and thermodynamic profiles of the liposaccharides. Two liposaccharides formed nanoparticles below 100 nm and had critical aggregation concentrations below 0.325 mM, indicating favorable aggregation in aqueous solution driven by entropy.
RESEARCH ARTICLE ON INCLUSION COMPLEX WITH SBE-B-CD Divya Mishra
The document discusses the preparation and characterization of an inclusion complex of glaucocalyxin-A (GLA) with sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-B-CD) to improve its water solubility. A 1:1 molar ratio complex was formed using co-evaporation. Solubility of GLA increased 76-fold in the complex. Analysis showed effective encapsulation of GLA in SBE-B-CD. A pharmacokinetic study in rats found the complex had a 3-fold higher AUC and significantly prolonged half-life compared to free GLA, indicating longer retention in the body. The complex is an effective way to improve the solubility and
This document describes a study that characterized a series of n-alkylboronic acid inhibitors of the enzyme PvdQ to better understand its ligand selectivity. PvdQ is involved in both siderophore biosynthesis and quorum quenching in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study determined binding affinities (Ki values) for n-alkylboronic acids with chains of 2-6 carbons. X-ray crystal structures were also solved for PvdQ complexes with 1-ethyl-, 1-butyl-, 1-hexyl-, and 1-octylboronic acid. These revealed that longer chain inhibitors formed tetrahedral adducts with the active site Ser217, while shorter chains adopted trigonal planar adduct
Atlantic mackerel protein hydrolysate was fractionated using electro-driven ultrafiltration (EDUF), pressure-driven ultrafiltration, and solid phase extraction to isolate immunomodulatory peptides. Fractions were tested for effects on nitric oxide production in macrophages as a measure of anti-inflammatory activity. pH 3 fractions increased nitric oxide, while the hydrophobic fraction from solid phase extraction decreased nitric oxide production, indicating anti-inflammatory activity. Amino acid analysis found the charged fractions had higher essential amino acid content than other fractions. EDUF fractions contained peptides from 2-6 amino acids in size and were identified as coming from protein precursors through mass spectrometry.
This study examined antioxidant vitamin levels in diabetic patients compared to healthy controls. It found that diabetic patients had significantly higher fasting blood glucose levels and lower levels of vitamins A, C and E. The diabetic patients were divided into groups based on their treatment: diet control, oral hypoglycemic drugs, or insulin therapy. All three diabetic groups had higher blood glucose and lower levels of vitamins A, C and E than the control group. The study concludes that diabetic patients are at risk for antioxidant vitamin deficiencies, which may lead to further health complications.
Similar to in silico evaluation of alpha glucosidase.pdf (20)
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
in silico evaluation of alpha glucosidase.pdf
1. In Silico evaluation of alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase
inhibitory activity of chemical constituents from Psoralea
corylifolia
Kona Latha Sai Mounika*
Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University,
Visakhapatnam, India
Abstract: The current study is about the evaluation of chemical constituents of Psoralea
corylifolia for the inhibitory activity of alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase. In this
perspective, 46 constituents of Psoralea corylifolia were selected. Acarbose, a known alpha
glucosidase and alpha amylase inhibitor, was used as standard. For alpha glucosidase,
docking results showed that all the selected constituents of Psoralea corylifolia had binding
energy ranging between -190.438 Kcal/mol to -98.969 Kcal/mol and for alpha amylase,
between -152.01 to -84.063 Kcal/mol. Bavachalcone, bisbakuchiol A, bisbakuchiol B,
daucosterol psoralidin, astragalin, isopsoralenoside and isobavachalcone contributed better
alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase inhibitory activity because of its structural parameters.
Further studies are required to develop potent alpha glucosidase inhibitors for the treatment of
diabetes.
Keywords: Docking studies; Binding energy; Molegro virtual docker; Psoralea corylifolia
and diabetes mellitus.
1. Introduction:
Psoralea corylifolia L.,(Fabaceae) commonly known Babchi in Hindi and Bakuchi in Sanskrit is a well
known annual herb which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurvedic medicine in India[1]
. It
is found throughout Indian plains, China, SriLanka, Burma and some southern states of United states [2,3]
. The
plant has been widely used in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine system as a vasodilator, pigmentor, cytotoxic,
antibacterial, antitumor, antihelmenthic and cardiac tonic[4-6]
. The important bioactive components include
coumarins, alkaloids, flavones, monoterpinoid phenols and chalcones.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) chronic metabolic disorder and is characterized by abnormal insulin secretion
or insulin receptor or post receptor events affecting metabolism involving carbohydrates, proteins and fats in
addition to damaging liver, kidney and β cells of pancreas[7]
.
The Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is characterized by elevation of both fasting and post-
prandial blood sugar levels and is observed in both adults and children. Chronic hyperglycemia during diabetes
causes glycation of body proteins that in turn leads to secondary complications affecting eyes, kidneys, nerves
and arteries[8]
. These may be delayed, lessened or prevented by maintaining blood glucose values close to
normal. For the treatment of IDDM, approaches for the control of hyperglycemia include insulin therapy, use of
amylin analogues, inhibitors of intestinal alpha glucosidases like acarbose, miglitol and voglibose which delay
International Journal of ChemTech Research
CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN: 0974-4290
Vol.8, No.11 pp 532-538, 2015
2. Kona Latha Sai Mounika et al /Int.J. ChemTech Res. 2015,8(11),pp 532-538. 533
postprandial hyperglycemia are used. Moreover, these therapies only partially compensate for metabolic
derangements seen in diabetics and do not necessarily correct the fundamental biochemical lesion [9]
.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1 Ligand dataset and its preparation
Ligand dataset comprised of 46 constituents of P.corylifolia and Acarbose (CID 41774) and their
respective 2D structure (wherever available 3D) retrieved from NCBI PubChem in structure data format
(SDF)[19]
. The structures which were not available in PubChem were retrieved from respective articles as
mentioned in Table. 1. The structures were drawn in Chem draw 2004 and were 3D optimized using Chem ultra
3D and were saved in .mol format. The alpha glucosidase protein complexed with Acarbose (PDB ID: 2QMJ)
while the alpha amylase complexed with Acarviostatin (PDB ID: 3OLD) were chosen for targets.
2.2 Molecular Docking
Alpha glucosidase structure complexed with Acarbose (PDB ID: 2QMJ) as protein target using
Molegro Virtual Docker[20]
to study its interaction with constituents of P.corylifolia. Cavities were first
predicted using “Detect cavities” module of Molegro with expanded vander waals radii to find accessible
region. The maximum number of cavities was set to 5 with probe size of 1.20 Å. the minimum and maximum
cavity volume was set to 10 Å and 10000 Å respectively, with a grid resolution of 0.80. This module utilizes
simple grid-based cavity prediction dependent on molecular surface and/or Van der Waals radii to detect
regions of accessibility. Using the “Protein Preparation” module the protein dataset was imported with its
settings: atomic charges assignment, hybridization assignment and explicit hydrogen inclusion. Ligand dataset
was introduced using the module “Prepare Molecules”. Subsequently, for the docking process “Docking
Wizard” module was used. “MolDock Score” scoring function was selected with the depiction of grid box
(radius = 15 Å) centered to co-crystallized occupied cavity. The search algorithm was constrained to “MolDock
Optimizer” with the following settings: population size of 50, maximum number of iterations to 2000 and cross-
over rate of 0.90.
3. Results and Discussion
The constituents like Psoralen, isopsoralen, corylifolin, corylin and psoralidin have been isolated from
the petroleum ether and chloroform extract of the whole plant [10]
. A new isoflavone, Psoralenol[11]
, a
monoterpene phenol, Bakuchiol [12]
, two novel dimeric monoterpenoids Bisbakuchiols A and B[13]
have been
isolated from the seeds of P.Corylifolia. The ethereal seed extract showed the presence of
isoneobavachalcone[14]
and Corylinal[15]
. High-speed counter current chromatography showed the presence of
constituents like Psoralen and isopsoralen[16]
. Four flavonoids bavachin, isobavachin bavachinin and
isobavachalcone were isolated from the seeds of P. corylifolia[17]
. Sophoracoumestan A, neobavaisoflavone,
daidzein and uracil, have been reported from the dried fruits of P. corylifolia[18]
.
Among the 46 constituents of P.corylifolia, Bavachalcone (Figure 1), Bisbakuchiol A(Figure 2a),
Bisbakuchiol B, Daucosterol, Psoralidin, Isobavachalcone, Corylifol A, Corylifol C and Brosimacutin G
showed more binding affinity than the standard, Acarbose (figure 3a) for alpha glucosidasde (Table 1). For
alpha amylase, more binding affinity was showed by Bisbakuchiol A(Figure 2b), Bisbakuchiol B, Daucosterol,
Astragalin and Isopsoralenoside than Acarbose (Figure 3b) (Table 1).
Bavachalcone showed hydrogen bonding with Gly 457 and Bavachalcone also had interactions with
Cys 458, Ser 458, Val 455, Val 451 and Ser 456(Figure 4). Hence, Bavachalcone has more binding affinity and
more inhibition towards alpha glucosidase. The schematic interaction diagram between N-terminal catalytic
domain of maltase - glucoamylase was depicted in Figure 5.
4. Kona Latha Sai Mounika et al /Int.J. ChemTech Res. 2015,8(11),pp 532-538. 535
Figure 1: Docking position of Bavachalcone with alpha glucosidase
Figure 2: Docking position of a) Bisbakuchiol A with alpha glucosidase b) Bisbakuchiol A with alpha
amylase
Figure 3: Docking position of a) Acarbose with alpha glucosidase b) Acarbose with alpha amylase
Figure 4: Bavachalcone showing hydrogen bond interactions
5. Kona Latha Sai Mounika et al /Int.J. ChemTech Res. 2015,8(11),pp 532-538. 536
Figure 5: Schematic interaction diagram between Acarbose and N-terminal catalytic domain of maltase-
glucoamylase
6. Kona Latha Sai Mounika et al /Int.J. ChemTech Res. 2015,8(11),pp 532-538. 537
Figure 6: Structures of the constituents which showed more binding affinity towards alpha glucosidase
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