The document discusses imports, defining them as goods brought into a jurisdiction from an external source. It notes that imports are limited by import quotas and tariffs, and subject to trade agreements. It provides statistics on major importers and describes different types of imports like industrial goods, intermediate goods, and consumer goods. Key import countries are listed, with the US, China and Germany among the largest. Commodity categories of Indian imports are also ranked.

2. An import is a good brought into a
jurisdiction, especially across a national border, from
an external source. The party bringing in the good is
called an importer . An import in the receiving
country is an export from the sending country.
Importation and exportation are the defining financial
transactions of international trade.
In international trade, the importation and
exportation of goods are limited by import quotas
and mandates from the customs authority. The
importing and exporting jurisdictions may impose a
tariff (tax) on the goods. In addition, the importation
and exportation of goods are subject to trade
agreements between the importing and exporting
jurisdictions

3.  Data on international trade in goods are mostly obtained
through declarations to custom services. If a country applies the
general trade system, all goods entering the country are
recorded as imports. If the special trade system (e.g. extra-EU
trade statistics) is applied goods which are received into
customs warehouses are not recorded in external trade statistics
unless they subsequently go into free circulation of the
importing country.
 Statistical recording of trade in services is based on declarations
by banks to their central banks or by surveys of the main
operators. In a globalized economy where services can be
rendered via electronic means (e.g. internet) the related
international flows of services are difficult to identify.
 Basic statistics on international trade normally do not record
smuggled goods or international flows of illegal services. A
small fraction of the smuggled goods and illegal services may
nevertheless be included in official trade statistics through
dummy shipments or dummy declarations that serve to conceal
the illegal nature of the activities.

4. OBJECTIVES

5.  Primary Data:-
when data is collected first time by investigator himself then it
is Primary Data.
Collection of primary data is more expensive and time
consuming.
• Example:-
Visiting a field by own with all the required equipments and
then collecting information.
 Secondary Data:-
The data which is collected by someone else and used by an
investigator for his own purpose of which inquiry and study is
Secondary Data.
Collection of secondary data is less expensive and time saving.
• Example:-
Getting information of any company on internet.
In this project I mostly used secondary data. I collect
information from internet

7. Trade is nothing but also known as Mercantilism. Twin
Tower was the World Trade Center. All the import and
export transactions take place there. WTO (World Trade
Organization) was formed by them. There where great
merchants who use to sell or import goods in large
quantities. There are two policies formed by WTO.
I. Protectionism:- Protectionism is the policy
formed by WTO. Protectionism is the policy of shielding a
countries industries from foreign competition by taxing
imports.
II.Laissez-Faire:- Laissez-Faire is the policy of not
interfering in the course of things.

8. "Imports" consist of transactions in goods and services
to a resident of a jurisdiction (such as a nation) from non-
residents. The exact definition of imports in national accounts
includes and excludes specific "borderline" cases.A general
delimitation of imports in national accounts is given below:
 An import of a good occurs when there is a change
of ownership from a non-resident to a resident; this does not
necessarily imply that the good in question physically crosses
the frontier. However, in specific cases national accounts
impute changes of ownership even though in legal terms no
change of ownership takes place (e.g. cross border financial
leasing, cross border deliveries between affiliates of the same
enterprise, goods crossing the border for significant processing
to order or repair). Also smuggled goods must be included in
the import measurement.

9.  Imports of services consist of all services rendered by non-
residents to residents. In national accounts any direct purchases
by residents outside the economic territory of a country are
recorded as imports of services; therefore all expenditure by
tourists in the economic territory of another country are
considered as part of the imports of services. Also international
flows of illegal services must be included.
Basic trade statistics often differ in terms of
definition and coverage from the requirements in the
national accounts:
A special case is the intra-EU trade statistics. Since
goods move freely between the member states of the EU without
customs controls, statistics on trade in goods between the
member states must be obtained through surveys. To reduce the
statistical burden on the respondents small scale traders are
excluded from the reporting obligation.

10. Balance of trade represents a difference in value for
import and export for a country. A country has demand
for an import when domestic quantity demanded exceeds
domestic quantity supplied, or when the price of the good
(or service) on the world market is less than the price on
the domestic market.
The balance of trade, usually denoted NX, is the
difference between the value of the goods (and services)
a country exports and the value of the goods the country
imports:
N X = X - I Or equivalently I = X – N X

11. A trade deficit occurs when imports are large relative
to exports. Imports are impacted principally by a country's
income and its productive resources. For example, the US
imports oil from Canada even though the US has oil and
Canada uses oil. However, consumers in the US are willing to
pay more for the marginal barrel of oil than Canadian
consumers are, because there is more oil demanded in the US
than there is oil produced.
In macroeconomic theory, the value of imports I can
be modeled as a function of the domestic absorption A and
the real exchange rate ∂ . These are the two largest factors of
imports and they both affect imports positively:
I = I ( A , ∂ )

12. Types Of Imports
There are two basic types of import:
I. Industrial and consumer goods
II.Intermediate goods and services
Companies import goods and
services to supply to the domestic
market at a cheaper price and better
quality than competing goods
manufactured in the domestic market.
Companies import products that are not
available in the local market.

13. 1. Looking for any product around the world to import and sell.
2. Looking for foreign sourcing to get their products at the cheapest price.
3. Using foreign sourcing as part of their global supply chain.
Direct import refers to a type of business importation involving
a major retailer (e.g. Wal-Mart) and an overseas manufacturer. A retailer
typically purchases products designed by local companies that can be
manufactured overseas. In a direct-import program, the retailer bypasses the
local supplier (colloquial middle-man) and buys the final product directly
from the manufacturer, possibly saving in added cost data on the value of
imports and their quantities often broken down by detailed lists of products
are available in statistical collections on international trade published by the
statistical services of intergovernmental organizations (e.g. UNSTAT,[6]
FAOSTAT, OECD), supranational statistical institutes (e.g. Eurostat) and
national statistical institutes. Industrial and consumer goods.

14. List Of Countries By
Imports
This is a list of countries by
imports, based on the World Trade
Organization and The World
Factbook. For comparison purposes,
some non-sovereign entities are
included in this list, but only
sovereign territories are ranked.
More recent data
from the WTO is used when
available.

15. Ran
k
Country Imports Date of
informatio
n
1 United States $ 2,273,000,000,000 2013 est.
2 China $ 1,950,000,000,000 2013
3 Germany $ 1,233,000,000,000 2013 est.
4 United Kingdom $ 782,500,000,000 2013 est.
5 Japan $ 766,600,000,000 2013 est.
6 France $ 659,800,000,000 2013 est.
— Hong Kong $ 520,600,000,000 2013 est.
7 South Korea $ 514,200,000,000 2013 est.
8 Netherlands $ 477,800,000,000 2013 est.
9 Canada $ 471,000,000,000 2013 est.
10 India $ 467,500,000,000 2013 est.
11 Italy $ 435,800,000,000 2013 est.
12 Spain $ 431,000,000,000 2013 est.

16. Rank Commodity Apr-Sep 2010 Apr-Sep 2011(P) % Growth %Share
1
PETROLEUM, CRUDE
& PRODUCTS
49,829.17 73,733.58 47.97 31.50
2 GOLD 17,459.40 28,639.85 64.04 12.23
3 ELECTRONIC GOODS 13,391.06 16,868.93 25.97 7.21
4
MACHRY EXCPT ELEC
& ELECTRONIC
11,411.93 14,873.98 30.34 6.35
5
PERLS PRCUS
SEMIPRCS STONES
14,920.60 14,010.02 -6.10 5.98
6
COAL,COKE &
BRIQUITTES ETC.
5,871.44 8,634.54 47.06 3.69
7 ORGANIC CHEMICALS 5,660.97 6,716.15 18.64 2.87
8
METALIFERS ORES &
METAL SCRAP
4,458.45 6,413.72 43.86 2.74
9 IRON & STEEL 5,197.44 5,136.70 -1.17 2.19
10 OTHER COMMODITIES 4,685.87 5,031.11 7.37 2.15

17. Rank Commodity Apr-Sep 2010 Apr-Sep 2011(P) % Growth %Share
11 VEGETABLE OILS FIXED (EDIBLE) 3,085.47 4,826.36 56.42 2.06
12 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENTS 4,862.28 4,235.21 -12.90 1.81
13 PROJECT GOODS 3,005.92 3,896.30 29.62 1.66
14 ARTFCL RESNS,PLSTC MATRLS,ETC. 3,507.80 3,558.64 1.45 1.52
15 FERTILEZERS MANUFACTURED 4,024.62 3,268.97 -18.78 1.40
16 NON-FERROUS METALS 2,028.56 2,705.08 33.35 1.16
17 SILVER 667.02 2,622.86 293.22 1.12
18 INORGANIC CHEMICALS 1,897.49 2,588.69 36.43 1.11
19 PROFSNL INST,ETC EXCPT ELCTRNC 2,192.54 2,569.60 17.20 1.10
20 ELEC MACHRY EXCPT ELECTRONIC 1,814.25 2,348.85 29.47 1.00

18. Rank Commodity Apr-Sep 2010 Apr-Sep 2011(P) % Growth %Share
21
CHEMICAL MATRL &
PRODCTS
1,515.47 1,916.44 26.46 0.82
22
MANUFACTURES OF
METALS
1,437.06 1,903.68 32.47 0.81
23 MACHINE TOOLS 986.03 1,504.69 52.60 0.64
24
MEDICINAL & PHRMACUTICL
PRODTS
1,244.54 1,361.15 9.37 0.58
25
WOOD AND WOOD
PRODUCTS
840.84 1,192.52 41.83 0.51
26
NON-METLC MNRL MNFS
EXCL PERLS
751.36 998.43 32.88 0.43
27
COMP.SOFTWARE IN
PHYSICAL FORM
403.71 951.03 135.57 0.41
28
OTH TXT YRN,FABS,MADEUP
ARTL
730.12 927.89 27.09 0.40
29 SYNTHC & RECLMD RUBBER 530.80 888.56 67.40 0.38
30 PULSES 826.43 810.55 -1.92 0.35

21. Top Country Sources For US Mango
I m p o r t s
Based on bill-of-landing data/shipments in
kilogram
10,000,000
50,000,000
60,000,000
40,000,000
30,000,000
20,000,000
Mexic
oBrazil
Germany
Peru
Ecorse
Jun
e
July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
201
1
201
2
Treat all
sources

23. Source And
References
 Joshi, Rakesh Mohan, (2009) International Business, Oxford University Press, NewDelhi and
NewYork ISBN0-19-568909-7
 Sullivan,Arthur; Sheffrin, StevenM. (2003).Economics:Principlesin Action. Upper SaddleRiver:
PearsonPrenticeHall. p. 552. ISBN0-13-063085-3.
 Lequiller,F; Blades,D.: UnderstandingNational Accounts, Paris: OECD2006,pp. 139-143
 for example,see Eurostat:EuropeanSystemof Accounts - ESA 1995, §§ 3.128-3.146,Office for
Official Publicationsof the EuropeanCommunities, Luxembourg, 1996
 Burda, Wyplosz (2005): Macroeconomics: A EuropeanText, FourthEdition, Oxford University
Press
 "UnitedNations StatisticsDivision". Unstats.un.org. Retrieved2013-03-25.

24. External
Links.Glossary of Trade
Terms
World Imports
2012 from all
countries, in World