This document discusses the implementation of privileges and immunity for diplomatic agents. It first provides background on diplomacy and the concept of diplomatic agents representing sovereign states. It then examines the theories behind diplomatic immunity and privileges, including extraterritoriality and their necessity for diplomats to perform their functions. The document analyzes two cases involving alleged criminal activity by diplomatic agents in Indonesia and how immunity was determined based on the Vienna Convention. It concludes that while immunity aims to respect relations between states, exceptions exist when diplomats abuse privileges or act outside their state duties.
Abogado Aly addresses the debate between both sides to sanctuary cities. Should they follow federal immigration laws? Should U.S. Citizens and their safety be priority?
The Corrupt Justice System CAN NOT BE FIXED BY THE SYSTEM SueBozgoz
Our Justice System in the United States is so corrupt that it cannot be fixed by the FOX himself/herself. We need military and or International Criminal Court Intervention. Use our real time RICO case against the cabal/deep state
Immunities as a special privilege is being provided under the private international law to persons having sovereign status, for not getting punished under a foreign law.
ALL EYES ON RAFAH BUT WHY Explain more.pdf46adnanshahzad
All eyes on Rafah: But why?. The Rafah border crossing, a crucial point between Egypt and the Gaza Strip, often finds itself at the center of global attention. As we explore the significance of Rafah, we’ll uncover why all eyes are on Rafah and the complexities surrounding this pivotal region.
INTRODUCTION
What makes Rafah so significant that it captures global attention? The phrase ‘All eyes are on Rafah’ resonates not just with those in the region but with people worldwide who recognize its strategic, humanitarian, and political importance. In this guide, we will delve into the factors that make Rafah a focal point for international interest, examining its historical context, humanitarian challenges, and political dimensions.
Abogado Aly addresses the debate between both sides to sanctuary cities. Should they follow federal immigration laws? Should U.S. Citizens and their safety be priority?
The Corrupt Justice System CAN NOT BE FIXED BY THE SYSTEM SueBozgoz
Our Justice System in the United States is so corrupt that it cannot be fixed by the FOX himself/herself. We need military and or International Criminal Court Intervention. Use our real time RICO case against the cabal/deep state
Immunities as a special privilege is being provided under the private international law to persons having sovereign status, for not getting punished under a foreign law.
Similar to Implementation of Privileges and immunity of diplomatic agent (7)
ALL EYES ON RAFAH BUT WHY Explain more.pdf46adnanshahzad
All eyes on Rafah: But why?. The Rafah border crossing, a crucial point between Egypt and the Gaza Strip, often finds itself at the center of global attention. As we explore the significance of Rafah, we’ll uncover why all eyes are on Rafah and the complexities surrounding this pivotal region.
INTRODUCTION
What makes Rafah so significant that it captures global attention? The phrase ‘All eyes are on Rafah’ resonates not just with those in the region but with people worldwide who recognize its strategic, humanitarian, and political importance. In this guide, we will delve into the factors that make Rafah a focal point for international interest, examining its historical context, humanitarian challenges, and political dimensions.
How to Obtain Permanent Residency in the NetherlandsBridgeWest.eu
You can rely on our assistance if you are ready to apply for permanent residency. Find out more at: https://immigration-netherlands.com/obtain-a-permanent-residence-permit-in-the-netherlands/.
Military Commissions details LtCol Thomas Jasper as Detailed Defense CounselThomas (Tom) Jasper
Military Commissions Trial Judiciary, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Notice of the Chief Defense Counsel's detailing of LtCol Thomas F. Jasper, Jr. USMC, as Detailed Defense Counsel for Abd Al Hadi Al-Iraqi on 6 August 2014 in the case of United States v. Hadi al Iraqi (10026)
WINDING UP of COMPANY, Modes of DissolutionKHURRAMWALI
Winding up, also known as liquidation, refers to the legal and financial process of dissolving a company. It involves ceasing operations, selling assets, settling debts, and ultimately removing the company from the official business registry.
Here's a breakdown of the key aspects of winding up:
Reasons for Winding Up:
Insolvency: This is the most common reason, where the company cannot pay its debts. Creditors may initiate a compulsory winding up to recover their dues.
Voluntary Closure: The owners may decide to close the company due to reasons like reaching business goals, facing losses, or merging with another company.
Deadlock: If shareholders or directors cannot agree on how to run the company, a court may order a winding up.
Types of Winding Up:
Voluntary Winding Up: This is initiated by the company's shareholders through a resolution passed by a majority vote. There are two main types:
Members' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is solvent (has enough assets to pay off its debts) and shareholders will receive any remaining assets after debts are settled.
Creditors' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is insolvent and creditors will be prioritized in receiving payment from the sale of assets.
Compulsory Winding Up: This is initiated by a court order, typically at the request of creditors, government agencies, or even by the company itself if it's insolvent.
Process of Winding Up:
Appointment of Liquidator: A qualified professional is appointed to oversee the winding-up process. They are responsible for selling assets, paying off debts, and distributing any remaining funds.
Cease Trading: The company stops its regular business operations.
Notification of Creditors: Creditors are informed about the winding up and invited to submit their claims.
Sale of Assets: The company's assets are sold to generate cash to pay off creditors.
Payment of Debts: Creditors are paid according to a set order of priority, with secured creditors receiving payment before unsecured creditors.
Distribution to Shareholders: If there are any remaining funds after all debts are settled, they are distributed to shareholders according to their ownership stake.
Dissolution: Once all claims are settled and distributions made, the company is officially dissolved and removed from the business register.
Impact of Winding Up:
Employees: Employees will likely lose their jobs during the winding-up process.
Creditors: Creditors may not recover their debts in full, especially if the company is insolvent.
Shareholders: Shareholders may not receive any payout if the company's debts exceed its assets.
Winding up is a complex legal and financial process that can have significant consequences for all parties involved. It's important to seek professional legal and financial advice when considering winding up a company.
Daftar Rumpun, Pohon, dan Cabang Ilmu (28 Mei 2024).pdf
Implementation of Privileges and immunity of diplomatic agent
1. I S L A M I C U N I V E R S I T Y O F I N D O N E S I A
IMPLEMENTATION OF
PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITY
OF DIPLOMATIC AGENT
GROUP 1
ARDYA SYAFHANA
M.HARIS RAHMAN
M.MAULANA
DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR LAW
2. I N T R O D U C T I O N ( B A C K G R O U N D )
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N O F I M M U N I T Y A N D P R I V I L E G E S O F D I P L O M A T I C A G E N T
C O N C E P T O F
D I P L O M A T I C A G E N T
& D I P L O M A C Y
W H A T I S D I P L O M A C Y
Diplomacy carries the mission from the sending states –for
mutual relationshipthat gave many advantages toward
both state. .Diplomatic agent carries a heavy mission to
gain the mutual interest from both state, and also
represent the country from the beginning -after the letter
of credential sent- and until the mission end or was
terminated by the state by the notification from receiving
state or sending state.
3. outside the area of receiving
state and to be special territory
for sending state
D O C T R I N E
E X T E R R I T O R I A L Y
granting to represent a
sovereign state that has relation
upon the states
C H A R A C T E R
R E P R E S E N T A T I V E
cannot exercise their job
effectively without immunity
and privileges granted by
receiving state
N E C E S S I T Y
F U N C T I O N A L
I M M I U N I T Y A N D P R I V I L E G E S O F D I P L O M A T I C A G E N T
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N O F I M M U N I T Y A N D P R I V I L E G E S O F D I P L O M A T I C A G E N T
T H E O R I E S O F D I P L O M A T I C
I M M U N I T Y A N D P R I V I L E G E S
4. C A S E
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N O F I M M U N I T Y A N D P R I V I L E G E S O F D I P L O M A T I C A G E N T
S T E V E N T J O S E P H B R Y N E R
A N D P E T E R M . K A R A J I N
D R U G T R A F F I C K I N G A N D D I S T R I B U T I O N
U.S Air force army and holders of diplomatic passports,
1994 detended ,Official Note ,adjudicate in Guam military
court
U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A
vienna convention 1961 article 29, 31, and 37 emphasizes
Stevent and Peter have a strong immunity right which
able to release from the jurisdiction of the courts in
Indonesia
I N D O N E S I A N G O V E R N M E N E T
Law l no.9 year 1976 article 23, prohibits the activities of
selling, transfering or involving in narcotics sell and
purchasing.
5. C A S E
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N O F I M M U N I T Y A N D P R I V I L E G E S O F D I P L O M A T I C A G E N T
S E R G E I P . E G O R O V
E S P I O N A G E S T E A L I N G S T A T E D O C U M E N T S A N D
I N T E R F E R I N G I N D O M E S T I C A F F A I R
Rusian Diplomat ,1982 ,arrested ,persona non grata
an official note ,come back to Rusia
R U S I A N G O V E R N M E N T
article 31 vienna convention 1961,
A diplomatic agent shall enjoy immunity from the criminal
jurisdiction of the receiving State. He shall also enjoy immunity
from its civil and administrative jurisdiction...
I N D O N E S I A N G O V E R N M E N T
vienna convention 1961 article 41 verse (1)“have duty not to
interfere in the internal affairs”.
Article 3 verse 1 (d) the preambule VC 61
6. C O N C L U S I O N
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N O F I M M U N I T Y A N D P R I V I L E G E S O F D I P L O M A T I C A G E N T
C O N C L U S I O N
The immunities and privileges of
diplomatic agent consist of
property, document, belonging,
taxes, jurisdiction, and others
special right that the agent gain
under Vienna Convention on
Diplomatic Relations, 1961. These
rights given by receiving state in
order to respect the diplomatic
agent as representation of sending
state leader and relation between
states.
But in the practice, diplomatic
agent of sending state abuse the
privileges and immunity that has
been given that led to criminal
cases. There are exception where
in article 31 of Vienna Convention
on Diplomatic Relation stated that
any interest out of state purposes
or action not behalf of state that
caused immunity and privileges do
not apply.
I M P L E M E N T A T I O N
conducted violation of law
7. T H A N K Y O U !
G R O U P 1 • D I P L O M A T I C A N D C O N S U L A R L A W
P R E S E N T A T I O N B Y A R D Y A
S Y A F H A N A
C L O S I N G
I S L A M I C U N I V E R S I T Y O F I N D O N E S I A