1) The document discusses the impact of blockchain technology on intellectual property in the digital space. It defines blockchain as a new technological paradigm that establishes a decentralized system for registering, storing, and transferring intellectual property through digital means like smart contracts.
2) Blockchain allows intellectual property rights holders to register their digital works and control how they are transferred and monetized in the internet. Several existing platforms demonstrate how blockchain can be used to register copyrights, patents, and authenticate digital products.
3) The article argues that blockchain has the potential to significantly reduce transaction costs and piracy related to intellectual property transfer online. It also suggests blockchain could simplify intellectual property management for creators and innovators.
Dr. Takis Damaskopoulos from the European Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (EIIR) presented the method and areas of interest of CONCORD (Policy, Regulation and Governance Aspects of FI PPP).
(FInES Cluster Meeting, December 2012)
Blockchain technology is one of the latest technologies on the horizon and has evolved over the last 7-10 years. There is tremendous potential for usage of Blockchain technology in today’s Real Estate industry. This paper aims to analyze the disruptive power of Blockchain digital technologies in the real estate industry. This paper will start with an introduction of the blockchain technology and high-level technical overview. It will then go on to discuss the various benefits the Real Estate industry can reap from this technology. It will also put forth various use cases or opportunities in the Real Estate sector for this technology. In the end, the paper will also discuss the present-day limitations and the questions marks over this technology in relation to its usage for the Real Estate industry.
Cuando Ostrom se encuentra con blockchain: explorando las potencialidades de ...David Rozas
Slides from presentation "Cuando Ostrom se encuentra con blockchain: explorando las potencialidades de blockchain para la gobernanza procomunal” at GRASIA seminar, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (Spain) – 28.01.2019.
Feasibilities Study of Blockchain Ecosystem in Malaysia GovernmentEffendy Zulkifly
The document discusses the potential for blockchain technology in the Malaysian government. It provides examples of blockchain use cases in areas like identity management, land registry, and payments. However, it also notes challenges to adoption like the need to explain blockchain concepts, higher costs of emerging technologies, and ensuring proper governance of blockchain systems. Overall, the document advocates for further developing Malaysia's blockchain ecosystem through cross-industry collaboration and education, and demonstrating public benefits.
Philosophy of Blockchain Technology - OntologiesNicolae Sfetcu
About the necessity and usefulness of developing a philosophy specific to the blockchain technology, emphasizing on the ontological aspects. After an Introduction that highlights the main philosophical directions for this emerging technology, in Blockchain Technology I explain the way the blockchain works, discussing ontological development directions of this technology in Designing and Modeling. The next section is dedicated to the main application of blockchain technology, Bitcoin, with the social implications of this cryptocurrency. There follows a section of Philosophy in which I identify the blockchain technology with the concept of heterotopia developed by Michel Foucault and I interpret it in the light of the notational technology developed by Nelson Goodman as a notational system. In the Ontology section, I present two developmental paths that I consider important: Narrative Ontology, based on the idea of order and structure of history transmitted through Paul Ricoeur's narrative history, and the Enterprise Ontology system based on concepts and models of an enterprise, specific to the semantic web, and which I consider to be the most well developed and which will probably become the formal ontological system, at least in terms of the economic and legal aspects of blockchain technology. In Conclusions I am talking about the future directions of developing the blockchain technology philosophy in general as an explanatory and robust theory from a phenomenologically consistent point of view, which allows testability and ontologies in particular, arguing for the need of a global adoption of an ontological system for develop cross-cutting solutions and to make this technology profitable.
TOWARD A PHILOSOPHY OF BLOCKCHAIN: A SYMPOSIUM. INTRODUCTION MELANIE SWAN AND...eraser Juan José Calderón
This document introduces a symposium on the philosophy of blockchain technology. It discusses how blockchain enables secure transfer of money, assets, and information without third parties. The symposium explores blockchain from philosophical perspectives like ontology, epistemology, and axiology. It aims to develop conceptual understanding of blockchain technology and discuss how it could impact economic, legal and governance systems. The introduction examines different ways of conceptualizing and philosophically understanding blockchain technology.
Governance in the Blockchain Economy: A Framework and Research Agenda. Roman...eraser Juan José Calderón
ABSTRACT
Blockchain technology is often referred to as a groundbreaking innovation and the harbinger of a new economic era. Blockchains may be capable of engendering a new type of economic system: the blockchain economy. In the blockchain economy, agreed-upon transactions would be enforced autonomously, following rules defined by smart contracts. The blockchain economy would manifest itself in a new form of organizational design—decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO)—which are organizations with governance rules specified in the blockchain. We discuss the blockchain economy along dimensions defined in the IT governance literature: decision rights, accountability, and incentives. Our case study of a DAO illustrates that governance in the blockchain economy may depart radically from established notions of governance. Using the three governance dimensions, we propose a novel IT governance framework and a research agenda for governance in the blockchain economy. We challenge common assumptions in the blockchain discourse, and propose promising information systems research related to these assumptions.
Using Blockchain as a Platform for Smart Cities. Christian Nãsulea, Stelian-M...eraser Juan José Calderón
Using Blockchain as a Platform for Smart Cities
Christian Nãsulea, Stelian-Mihai Mic University of Bucharest, Romania.
ABSTRACT: Objectives: Incorporating new technologies into the development of smart cities means rethinking the way
different services are provided. From this perspective, Blockchain might represent the future of both smart cities and smart
communities as it offers new alteratives for individuals and institutions.
Prior Work: Blockchain was mainly perceived through its linkage with bitcoin, but recent developments have started
exploring the idea of using it for financial transactions, logistics and securing contracts. Tapscott & Tapscott (2016)have
acknowledged the potential the Blockchain Revolution had on redefining the idea of trust in both digital and local communities.
Blockchain technology has the ability to enhance transparency of local and regional institutions while also making it easier
to communicate sensitive data without compromising security and privacy.
Approach: We look at the different fields blockchain can have an impact on and we try to assess the viability of moving
towards an integrated platform for intermediating day-to-day activities between both institutions and individuals. We will
assess the advantages of digitizing and securing public and private data while also considering the potential risks this
process might involve.
Results: We aim to create a model of how blockchain might work in communities and assess its impact on the overall
economic and human development indicators.
Implications: Public administrators in many countries are starting to acknowledge blockchain’s potential in solving problems
for local communities our results will be a valuable starting point for developing local initiatives for using blockchain as a
platform for communications and transactions. Furthermore, a smart city must be a city where individuals can interact and
solve their issues quickly, using digital technologies for increased efficiency.
Value: Blockchain is thought to be the future of managing both public and private affairs. Countries such as Dubai, Singapore
and China are incorporating blockchain technology into developing smart cities. Blockchain makes us rethink many of the
different aspects of how communities can be organized, offering new alternatives and promising a more transparent and
efficient economic model.
Keywords: Digital Era, Economic Model, IoT, Technology
Dr. Takis Damaskopoulos from the European Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (EIIR) presented the method and areas of interest of CONCORD (Policy, Regulation and Governance Aspects of FI PPP).
(FInES Cluster Meeting, December 2012)
Blockchain technology is one of the latest technologies on the horizon and has evolved over the last 7-10 years. There is tremendous potential for usage of Blockchain technology in today’s Real Estate industry. This paper aims to analyze the disruptive power of Blockchain digital technologies in the real estate industry. This paper will start with an introduction of the blockchain technology and high-level technical overview. It will then go on to discuss the various benefits the Real Estate industry can reap from this technology. It will also put forth various use cases or opportunities in the Real Estate sector for this technology. In the end, the paper will also discuss the present-day limitations and the questions marks over this technology in relation to its usage for the Real Estate industry.
Cuando Ostrom se encuentra con blockchain: explorando las potencialidades de ...David Rozas
Slides from presentation "Cuando Ostrom se encuentra con blockchain: explorando las potencialidades de blockchain para la gobernanza procomunal” at GRASIA seminar, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (Spain) – 28.01.2019.
Feasibilities Study of Blockchain Ecosystem in Malaysia GovernmentEffendy Zulkifly
The document discusses the potential for blockchain technology in the Malaysian government. It provides examples of blockchain use cases in areas like identity management, land registry, and payments. However, it also notes challenges to adoption like the need to explain blockchain concepts, higher costs of emerging technologies, and ensuring proper governance of blockchain systems. Overall, the document advocates for further developing Malaysia's blockchain ecosystem through cross-industry collaboration and education, and demonstrating public benefits.
Philosophy of Blockchain Technology - OntologiesNicolae Sfetcu
About the necessity and usefulness of developing a philosophy specific to the blockchain technology, emphasizing on the ontological aspects. After an Introduction that highlights the main philosophical directions for this emerging technology, in Blockchain Technology I explain the way the blockchain works, discussing ontological development directions of this technology in Designing and Modeling. The next section is dedicated to the main application of blockchain technology, Bitcoin, with the social implications of this cryptocurrency. There follows a section of Philosophy in which I identify the blockchain technology with the concept of heterotopia developed by Michel Foucault and I interpret it in the light of the notational technology developed by Nelson Goodman as a notational system. In the Ontology section, I present two developmental paths that I consider important: Narrative Ontology, based on the idea of order and structure of history transmitted through Paul Ricoeur's narrative history, and the Enterprise Ontology system based on concepts and models of an enterprise, specific to the semantic web, and which I consider to be the most well developed and which will probably become the formal ontological system, at least in terms of the economic and legal aspects of blockchain technology. In Conclusions I am talking about the future directions of developing the blockchain technology philosophy in general as an explanatory and robust theory from a phenomenologically consistent point of view, which allows testability and ontologies in particular, arguing for the need of a global adoption of an ontological system for develop cross-cutting solutions and to make this technology profitable.
TOWARD A PHILOSOPHY OF BLOCKCHAIN: A SYMPOSIUM. INTRODUCTION MELANIE SWAN AND...eraser Juan José Calderón
This document introduces a symposium on the philosophy of blockchain technology. It discusses how blockchain enables secure transfer of money, assets, and information without third parties. The symposium explores blockchain from philosophical perspectives like ontology, epistemology, and axiology. It aims to develop conceptual understanding of blockchain technology and discuss how it could impact economic, legal and governance systems. The introduction examines different ways of conceptualizing and philosophically understanding blockchain technology.
Governance in the Blockchain Economy: A Framework and Research Agenda. Roman...eraser Juan José Calderón
ABSTRACT
Blockchain technology is often referred to as a groundbreaking innovation and the harbinger of a new economic era. Blockchains may be capable of engendering a new type of economic system: the blockchain economy. In the blockchain economy, agreed-upon transactions would be enforced autonomously, following rules defined by smart contracts. The blockchain economy would manifest itself in a new form of organizational design—decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO)—which are organizations with governance rules specified in the blockchain. We discuss the blockchain economy along dimensions defined in the IT governance literature: decision rights, accountability, and incentives. Our case study of a DAO illustrates that governance in the blockchain economy may depart radically from established notions of governance. Using the three governance dimensions, we propose a novel IT governance framework and a research agenda for governance in the blockchain economy. We challenge common assumptions in the blockchain discourse, and propose promising information systems research related to these assumptions.
Using Blockchain as a Platform for Smart Cities. Christian Nãsulea, Stelian-M...eraser Juan José Calderón
Using Blockchain as a Platform for Smart Cities
Christian Nãsulea, Stelian-Mihai Mic University of Bucharest, Romania.
ABSTRACT: Objectives: Incorporating new technologies into the development of smart cities means rethinking the way
different services are provided. From this perspective, Blockchain might represent the future of both smart cities and smart
communities as it offers new alteratives for individuals and institutions.
Prior Work: Blockchain was mainly perceived through its linkage with bitcoin, but recent developments have started
exploring the idea of using it for financial transactions, logistics and securing contracts. Tapscott & Tapscott (2016)have
acknowledged the potential the Blockchain Revolution had on redefining the idea of trust in both digital and local communities.
Blockchain technology has the ability to enhance transparency of local and regional institutions while also making it easier
to communicate sensitive data without compromising security and privacy.
Approach: We look at the different fields blockchain can have an impact on and we try to assess the viability of moving
towards an integrated platform for intermediating day-to-day activities between both institutions and individuals. We will
assess the advantages of digitizing and securing public and private data while also considering the potential risks this
process might involve.
Results: We aim to create a model of how blockchain might work in communities and assess its impact on the overall
economic and human development indicators.
Implications: Public administrators in many countries are starting to acknowledge blockchain’s potential in solving problems
for local communities our results will be a valuable starting point for developing local initiatives for using blockchain as a
platform for communications and transactions. Furthermore, a smart city must be a city where individuals can interact and
solve their issues quickly, using digital technologies for increased efficiency.
Value: Blockchain is thought to be the future of managing both public and private affairs. Countries such as Dubai, Singapore
and China are incorporating blockchain technology into developing smart cities. Blockchain makes us rethink many of the
different aspects of how communities can be organized, offering new alternatives and promising a more transparent and
efficient economic model.
Keywords: Digital Era, Economic Model, IoT, Technology
Blockchain Technology and Decentralized Governance: Is the State Still Necess...eraser Juan José Calderón
Blockchain Technology and Decentralized Governance: Is the State Still Necessary?
Marcella Atzori, Ph. D.*
ABSTRACT
The core technology of Bitcoin, the blockchain, has recently emerged as a disruptive innovation with a wide range of applications, potentially able to redesign our interactions in business, politics and society at large. Although scholarly interest in this subject is growing, a comprehensive analysis of blockchain applications from a political perspective is severely lacking to date. This paper aims to fill this gap and it discusses the key points of blockchain-based decentralized governance, which challenges to varying degrees the traditional mechanisms of State authority, citizenship and democracy. In particular, the paper verifies to which extent blockchain and decentralized platforms can be considered as hyper-political tools, capable to manage social interactions on large scale and dismiss traditional central authorities. The analysis highlights risks related to a dominant position of private powers in distributed ecosystems, which may lead to a general disempowerment of citizens and to the emergence of a stateless global society. While technological utopians urge the demise of any centralized institution, this paper advocates the role of the State as a necessary central point of coordination in society, showing that decentralization through algorithm-based consensus is an organizational theory, not a stand-alone political theory.
Keywords: Bitcoin, blockchain, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations, decentralization, democracy, Ethereum, encryption, governance, politics, State, peer-to-peer networks
This research focuses on the assessment of blockchain technology readiness level of banking
industry. Firstly, blockchain technology is defined and its specifications have been highlighted. Secondly the
answer for the question how the domains of information systems integration are related to the areas of adoption
of blockchain technology is researched.
Transhuman Crypto Cloudminds
Melanie Swan, Technology Theorist, Philosophy Department, Purdue University USA, Founder, Institute for Blockchain .
Studies and DIYgenomics.
Abstract
Considering the mutual benefits of blockchain and transhumanism, this essay
proposes crypto cloudminds as a safe mechanism by which the human mind might
transcend its unitary limitations by permissioning partial resources to join a multiparty mind (comprised of human and machine minds) in a cloud-based
environment. Cloudminds could have diverse purposes including problem solving
(addressing future-of-work issues with Maslow Smart Contracts), learning,
experience, exploration, innovation, artistic expression, and other personal
development activities. Crypto cloudminds could be multicurrency, operating with
payment remuneration, security, and (especially) ideas as the denominations of
measure. For thriving in the future, mind node peers could enter “Yes-and”
Payment Channels with one another for collaborative idea development. For
surviving in the future, good-player behavior could be game-theoretically enforced
with the simultaneous privacy-transparency property of blockchains, together with
the immutable peer-confirmed consensus algorithm and audit-log checks and
balances system. Overall, blockchains might serve as an institutional technology
that is the basis for treaties and progress in a multi-species society of human,
algorithm, and machine, guiding the way to positive transhuman futures.
In this article, I review recent studies on blockchains, crypto currencies, and initial coin offerings. I organize the research into two broad categories on the economics of decentralized ledger technologies and their impacts on the real economy. I also outline promising directions for future research in this area.
State features are affected by the connection with digital coins. Social systems create their own limits and remain alive according to their internal logic, which does not derive from the system environment. So, social systems are operationally and autonomously closed - interacting with their environment and there is a general increase in entropy, but individual systems work to maintain and preserve their internal order. Autopoietic systems (like the state, with the tendency to maintain the inner order with a remarkable degree of independence from the outside world) may contrast with allopoietic ones. It results in a state with a finite influence area, but recently troubled by the new forms of digital money and the corresponding infrastructure.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.28007.80803
Visibility and digital art: Blockchain as an ownership layer on the Interneteraser Juan José Calderón
Visibility and digital art: Blockchain as an ownership layer on the Internet, de Masha McConaghy | Greg McMullen | Glenn Parry | Trent McConaghy | David Holtzman.
DOI: 10.1002/jsc.2146
Blockchain technology for e-governance by Dzmitry MarkusheuskiDigiComNet
Blockchain technology can be used for e-governance by creating a transparent distributed database to record all interactions between citizens and government agencies. The data is interlinked and stored by all participants in the system, ensuring accuracy. Users act as collective notaries to certify the data and guard against abuse. This facilitates agreement without intermediaries and creates a foundation for decentralized governance based on consensus. Blockchain also incentivizes following rules to maintain fairness. However, challenges include scalability, bandwidth, and centralization tendencies as validation becomes more resource-intensive. Thorough assessment of impacts is needed before deploying new technologies in governance.
The article is devoted to the research of the possibilities of cooperation between the European
Union (EU) and Ukraine in the use of blockchain technologies. The transition to the blockchain
allows to minimise costs and maximise the results of economic activity. The experience of using
blockchain technologies by world corporations is analysed. The subject of the research in the
article is the potential of economic cooperation between the EU and Ukraine in the field of
implementation and use of blockchain technologies. The purpose of the article is to find out the
economic prospects of cooperation between the EU and Ukraine in the use of blockchain
technologies. Tasks: researching of tendencies of development of blockchain technologies and
possible variants of their implantation in activity of the Ukraine’s enterprises, searching for
benefits from cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the field of use of blockchain
technologies. General scientific used research methods: analysis – to determine the peculiarities
of the use of blockchain technologies in the EU, synthesis – to find opportunities for cooperation
between Ukraine and the EU in the use of blockchain technologies. The obtained results: based
on the analysis of the dynamics of changes in the field of enterprise technology, problematic
aspects are identified and the main advantages of the transition from the traditional management
model to blockchain platforms are identified, and the economic benefits of locating mining farms
in Ukraine compared to some EU countries are calculated. Conclusions: using of blockchain
technologies by modern enterprises gives them a number of competitive advantages, including saving on labor costs, increased information security, reduced costs for quality control of
products/services, etc. Blockchain allows to promote more sustainable cooperation between EU
and Ukrainian companies not only in trade, but also in industry, finance and energy. By
implementing joint blockchain systems with the EU, Ukraine can provide mining with low costs
for electricity and wages.
Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for educationeraser Juan José Calderón
Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for education
Guang Chen1,2, Bing Xu1
, Manli Lu1 and Nian-Shing Chen3*
Abstract
Blockchain is the core technology used to create the cryptocurrencies, like bitcoin. As part of the fourth industrial revolution since the invention of steam engine, electricity, and information technology, blockchain technology has been
applied in many areas such as finance, judiciary, and commerce. The current paper focused on its potential educational applications and explored how blockchain technology can be used to solve some education problems. This article first introduced the features and advantages of blockchain technology following by exploring some of the current blockchain applications for education. Some innovative applications of using blockchain technology were proposed, and the benefits and challenges of using blockchain technology for education were also discussed.
Keywords: Blockchain, Educational evaluation, Instructional design, Learning is earning
The document proposes a Decentralised Learning Ledger (DLL) that uses blockchain technology to track, register, and certify acquired learning assets. It discusses how blockchain, the internet of things, and the concept of "knowledge procurement" provide the building blocks for a DLL. The DLL would allow acknowledgement and utilization of learning credits earned from various educational experiences, offering a proof-of-learning solution.
From Cryptocurrencies to Smart Contracts: The Evolution and Impact of Blockch...IRJTAE
The emergence of blockchain technology has spurred significant advancements in various domains, ranging from
cryptocurrencies to smart contracts, reshaping traditional systems and introducing novel approaches to
decentralized transactions. This research paper delves into the evolution and profound impact of blockchain
technology, tracing its trajectory from the inception of cryptocurrencies, typified by Bitcoin, to the development
of sophisticated smart contract platforms such as Ethereum. Through a comprehensive review of literature and
case studies, this paper examines the underlying principles of blockchain technology, elucidating its potential to
revolutionize financial transactions, supply chain management, identity verification, and beyond. Furthermore,
it analyses the challenges and opportunities associated with blockchain adoption, including scalability issues,
regulatory considerations, and interoperability concerns.
The paper also explores the transformative potential of smart contracts, programmable self-executing contracts
that automate and streamline business processes, offering unprecedented levels of transparency, efficiency, and
security. By evaluating real-world applications and future prospects, this research elucidates the evolving
landscape of blockchain technology and its implications for industries, governance systems, and societal
structures.
World Economic Forum Realizing the Potential of Blockchainmustafa sarac
This white paper discusses governance challenges around blockchain technology and proposes a multistakeholder approach. It outlines three levels of governance needs: at the platform level to address issues like scalability and energy use; at the application level to oversee development and ensure usability; and at the ecosystem level to establish standards and coordinate regulation. It analyzes eight stakeholder groups and proposes addressing governance through seven types of global networks, such as for standards, knowledge sharing, and advocacy. The goal is to steward blockchain responsibly and realize its potential to disrupt industries and foster global inclusion through open and decentralized systems.
WEF Realizing the Potential of BlockchainIan Beckett
This document discusses governance challenges for blockchain technology and proposes a multistakeholder approach. It begins by describing blockchain as a new global resource that could transform industries in the way the internet has. However, proper stewardship is needed to realize its full potential. The internet provides a model of governance through multistakeholder networks rather than top-down control. The document analyzes governance needs at the levels of blockchain platforms, applications, and the overall ecosystem. It identifies stakeholders and applies a framework of "global solution networks" to discuss how standards, knowledge sharing, advocacy, and other functions could be coordinated in a distributed way. The goal is to preserve this emerging technology and resource for broad benefit.
Determining the impact of global-local transformations of property on the for...Igor Britchenko
The object of research is the relationship between the processes of formation of the information-network society and the global-local transformation of property relations at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries. The problem has been identified that the limitations of theoretical approaches to explain the content and interrelation of property relations and the social meaning of high-tech development have led to an increase in general socio-economic instability. To solve the problem, the definition of the institution of property as an economic good is provided. A three-level traditional model of public management has been highlighted. It is shown that the existing triple structure of the public sector of economy should acquire a different value content. The new model in the dynamic unity of markets of pure public benefits, public goods, private goods harmonizes public interests, strengthens relations of trust. This model forms the foundations for the formation of nanoeconomics in a broad sense as the forerunner of harmonious institutional architectonics of the economy. Nanoeconomics, as part of baby economics, human economics, and economics of nanotechnology, is based on the principles of rational behavior in making economic decisions within the limits of power. In the depths of baby economics, skills and competencies are formed in handling property. The human economy ensures the proper implementation of property functions. Within the experimental part of the study, a mathematical model of multifactor regression is constructed. The model confirmed the presence of dense dependence (0.9076) of the growth of GDP per capita on the state of distribution of property rights in the national economy. The area of practical use of the results is the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine's economy through the activation of its domestic business potential.
When Ostrom Meets Blockchain: Exploring the Potentials of Blockchain for Comm...eraser Juan José Calderón
When Ostrom Meets Blockchain: Exploring the Potentials of Blockchain for Commons Governance by David Rozas (drozas@ucm.es), Antonio Tenorio-Fornés (antoniotenorio@ucm.es), Silvia
1 2
Díaz-Molina (smdmolina@ucm.es), and Samer Hassan (shassan@cyber.harvard.edu)
An Overview: The future of Blockchain Technology in Education. Khadija Mansou...eraser Juan José Calderón
- Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger or database that records digital transactions in a way that is secure, transparent, and permanent. It has the potential to disrupt many industries by reducing costs and the need for intermediaries.
- Some potential applications of blockchain technology include financial transactions, education, cloud storage, healthcare, transportation, legal services, digital currency, and public records management. It allows for more efficient and secure transfer of assets, data, and records.
- Challenges that led to the development of blockchain include overreliance on centralization and third parties in transactions. Blockchain addresses this through decentralization, transparency, cryptography, and incentivizing contribution to the network through a consensus mechanism.
Ontology engineering, along with semantic Web technologies, allow the semantic development and modeling of the operational flow required for blockchain design. The semantic Web, in accordance with W3C, "provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries" and can be seen as an integrator for various content, applications and information systems. The most widely used blockchain modelling system, by abstract representation, description and definition of structure, processes, information and resources, is the enterprises modelling. Enterprise modelling uses domain ontologies by model representation languages.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.19062.24642
This document provides a literature review of blockchain-based solutions for issues in the Internet of Things (IoT). It first discusses features of IoT and issues it faces related to security, privacy, and centralized control. Blockchain is proposed as a technology that can address these issues due to its decentralized, immutable, and traceable nature. The review then outlines features of blockchain like decentralization, immutability, and traceability that make it suitable for addressing IoT issues. Specific issues in IoT that could benefit from blockchain solutions are also discussed. Finally, potential issues with implementing blockchain in IoT are acknowledged.
This document discusses using MongoDB as the core database for building enterprise-grade blockchain applications. It begins by providing background on blockchain technology and how it removes friction along axes of control, trust, and value. It then examines four potential blockchain database deployment scenarios depending on whether the blockchain is within an enterprise or consortium and whether the data is operational or not. The key benefits of using MongoDB are that it can provide the querying, scaling, and operational capabilities required of databases while also supporting the decentralized, immutable, and asset-based nature of blockchains.
Critical Analysis of Technology Law in India with Reference to Foreign Mechanismijtsrd
During the past few decades, we have witness some of the most exponential growth in our field of technology, whether it is a matter of law, social framework, economic or any other manner in which it has intersected various disciplines. Starting from the UN General Assembly Resolution leading to the approval of the Information Technology Act, further leading to the enactment of the Modern Electronic Trade Law. In reference to which we observed that how the right to privacy modified by the growth of information technology, and after which the technology has changed its contents for the protection of their legal interests. In this technologically evolved world, data is the new currency. As India, has no comprehensive data protection legislation and privacy legislation. The existing policies and laws are, in essence, sectoral in nature. These Sectoral Laws pertain to the IT Law, 2000. It is also observed that how the amendment to the Information Technology Act which entered into force in February 2009 with the presidential assent, has made a crucial impact in India in reference to the IT Laws, stated that information confidentiality constitutes as a part of our privacy right and stated that confidentiality included the right to preserve the personal identify. Jyotirmoy Banerjee | Pooja Banerjee "Critical Analysis of Technology Law in India with Reference to Foreign Mechanism" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49462.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/49462/critical-analysis-of-technology-law-in-india-with-reference-to-foreign-mechanism/jyotirmoy-banerjee
Evaluación de t-MOOC universitario sobre competencias digitales docentes medi...eraser Juan José Calderón
Evaluación de t-MOOC universitario sobre competencias
digitales docentes mediante juicio de expertos
según el Marco DigCompEdu.
Julio Cabero-Almenara
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
cabero@us.es
Julio Barroso--‐Osuna
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
jbarroso@us.es
Antonio Palacios--‐Rodríguez
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
aprodriguez@us.es
Carmen Llorente--‐Cejudo
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
karen@us.es
This document announces a special issue of the journal "Comunicar" on hate speech in communication. It provides details such as the issue date, submission deadline, thematic editors, and scope. The scope describes hate speech and calls for research analyzing hate speech messages, backgrounds, and intervention strategies. The document lists descriptive keywords and questions to guide submitted papers. It introduces the three thematic editors and provides their backgrounds and research interests related to communication, media, and online environments. Submission guidelines and relevant website links are also included.
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Blockchain Technology and Decentralized Governance: Is the State Still Necess...eraser Juan José Calderón
Blockchain Technology and Decentralized Governance: Is the State Still Necessary?
Marcella Atzori, Ph. D.*
ABSTRACT
The core technology of Bitcoin, the blockchain, has recently emerged as a disruptive innovation with a wide range of applications, potentially able to redesign our interactions in business, politics and society at large. Although scholarly interest in this subject is growing, a comprehensive analysis of blockchain applications from a political perspective is severely lacking to date. This paper aims to fill this gap and it discusses the key points of blockchain-based decentralized governance, which challenges to varying degrees the traditional mechanisms of State authority, citizenship and democracy. In particular, the paper verifies to which extent blockchain and decentralized platforms can be considered as hyper-political tools, capable to manage social interactions on large scale and dismiss traditional central authorities. The analysis highlights risks related to a dominant position of private powers in distributed ecosystems, which may lead to a general disempowerment of citizens and to the emergence of a stateless global society. While technological utopians urge the demise of any centralized institution, this paper advocates the role of the State as a necessary central point of coordination in society, showing that decentralization through algorithm-based consensus is an organizational theory, not a stand-alone political theory.
Keywords: Bitcoin, blockchain, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations, decentralization, democracy, Ethereum, encryption, governance, politics, State, peer-to-peer networks
This research focuses on the assessment of blockchain technology readiness level of banking
industry. Firstly, blockchain technology is defined and its specifications have been highlighted. Secondly the
answer for the question how the domains of information systems integration are related to the areas of adoption
of blockchain technology is researched.
Transhuman Crypto Cloudminds
Melanie Swan, Technology Theorist, Philosophy Department, Purdue University USA, Founder, Institute for Blockchain .
Studies and DIYgenomics.
Abstract
Considering the mutual benefits of blockchain and transhumanism, this essay
proposes crypto cloudminds as a safe mechanism by which the human mind might
transcend its unitary limitations by permissioning partial resources to join a multiparty mind (comprised of human and machine minds) in a cloud-based
environment. Cloudminds could have diverse purposes including problem solving
(addressing future-of-work issues with Maslow Smart Contracts), learning,
experience, exploration, innovation, artistic expression, and other personal
development activities. Crypto cloudminds could be multicurrency, operating with
payment remuneration, security, and (especially) ideas as the denominations of
measure. For thriving in the future, mind node peers could enter “Yes-and”
Payment Channels with one another for collaborative idea development. For
surviving in the future, good-player behavior could be game-theoretically enforced
with the simultaneous privacy-transparency property of blockchains, together with
the immutable peer-confirmed consensus algorithm and audit-log checks and
balances system. Overall, blockchains might serve as an institutional technology
that is the basis for treaties and progress in a multi-species society of human,
algorithm, and machine, guiding the way to positive transhuman futures.
In this article, I review recent studies on blockchains, crypto currencies, and initial coin offerings. I organize the research into two broad categories on the economics of decentralized ledger technologies and their impacts on the real economy. I also outline promising directions for future research in this area.
State features are affected by the connection with digital coins. Social systems create their own limits and remain alive according to their internal logic, which does not derive from the system environment. So, social systems are operationally and autonomously closed - interacting with their environment and there is a general increase in entropy, but individual systems work to maintain and preserve their internal order. Autopoietic systems (like the state, with the tendency to maintain the inner order with a remarkable degree of independence from the outside world) may contrast with allopoietic ones. It results in a state with a finite influence area, but recently troubled by the new forms of digital money and the corresponding infrastructure.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.28007.80803
Visibility and digital art: Blockchain as an ownership layer on the Interneteraser Juan José Calderón
Visibility and digital art: Blockchain as an ownership layer on the Internet, de Masha McConaghy | Greg McMullen | Glenn Parry | Trent McConaghy | David Holtzman.
DOI: 10.1002/jsc.2146
Blockchain technology for e-governance by Dzmitry MarkusheuskiDigiComNet
Blockchain technology can be used for e-governance by creating a transparent distributed database to record all interactions between citizens and government agencies. The data is interlinked and stored by all participants in the system, ensuring accuracy. Users act as collective notaries to certify the data and guard against abuse. This facilitates agreement without intermediaries and creates a foundation for decentralized governance based on consensus. Blockchain also incentivizes following rules to maintain fairness. However, challenges include scalability, bandwidth, and centralization tendencies as validation becomes more resource-intensive. Thorough assessment of impacts is needed before deploying new technologies in governance.
The article is devoted to the research of the possibilities of cooperation between the European
Union (EU) and Ukraine in the use of blockchain technologies. The transition to the blockchain
allows to minimise costs and maximise the results of economic activity. The experience of using
blockchain technologies by world corporations is analysed. The subject of the research in the
article is the potential of economic cooperation between the EU and Ukraine in the field of
implementation and use of blockchain technologies. The purpose of the article is to find out the
economic prospects of cooperation between the EU and Ukraine in the use of blockchain
technologies. Tasks: researching of tendencies of development of blockchain technologies and
possible variants of their implantation in activity of the Ukraine’s enterprises, searching for
benefits from cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the field of use of blockchain
technologies. General scientific used research methods: analysis – to determine the peculiarities
of the use of blockchain technologies in the EU, synthesis – to find opportunities for cooperation
between Ukraine and the EU in the use of blockchain technologies. The obtained results: based
on the analysis of the dynamics of changes in the field of enterprise technology, problematic
aspects are identified and the main advantages of the transition from the traditional management
model to blockchain platforms are identified, and the economic benefits of locating mining farms
in Ukraine compared to some EU countries are calculated. Conclusions: using of blockchain
technologies by modern enterprises gives them a number of competitive advantages, including saving on labor costs, increased information security, reduced costs for quality control of
products/services, etc. Blockchain allows to promote more sustainable cooperation between EU
and Ukrainian companies not only in trade, but also in industry, finance and energy. By
implementing joint blockchain systems with the EU, Ukraine can provide mining with low costs
for electricity and wages.
Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for educationeraser Juan José Calderón
Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for education
Guang Chen1,2, Bing Xu1
, Manli Lu1 and Nian-Shing Chen3*
Abstract
Blockchain is the core technology used to create the cryptocurrencies, like bitcoin. As part of the fourth industrial revolution since the invention of steam engine, electricity, and information technology, blockchain technology has been
applied in many areas such as finance, judiciary, and commerce. The current paper focused on its potential educational applications and explored how blockchain technology can be used to solve some education problems. This article first introduced the features and advantages of blockchain technology following by exploring some of the current blockchain applications for education. Some innovative applications of using blockchain technology were proposed, and the benefits and challenges of using blockchain technology for education were also discussed.
Keywords: Blockchain, Educational evaluation, Instructional design, Learning is earning
The document proposes a Decentralised Learning Ledger (DLL) that uses blockchain technology to track, register, and certify acquired learning assets. It discusses how blockchain, the internet of things, and the concept of "knowledge procurement" provide the building blocks for a DLL. The DLL would allow acknowledgement and utilization of learning credits earned from various educational experiences, offering a proof-of-learning solution.
From Cryptocurrencies to Smart Contracts: The Evolution and Impact of Blockch...IRJTAE
The emergence of blockchain technology has spurred significant advancements in various domains, ranging from
cryptocurrencies to smart contracts, reshaping traditional systems and introducing novel approaches to
decentralized transactions. This research paper delves into the evolution and profound impact of blockchain
technology, tracing its trajectory from the inception of cryptocurrencies, typified by Bitcoin, to the development
of sophisticated smart contract platforms such as Ethereum. Through a comprehensive review of literature and
case studies, this paper examines the underlying principles of blockchain technology, elucidating its potential to
revolutionize financial transactions, supply chain management, identity verification, and beyond. Furthermore,
it analyses the challenges and opportunities associated with blockchain adoption, including scalability issues,
regulatory considerations, and interoperability concerns.
The paper also explores the transformative potential of smart contracts, programmable self-executing contracts
that automate and streamline business processes, offering unprecedented levels of transparency, efficiency, and
security. By evaluating real-world applications and future prospects, this research elucidates the evolving
landscape of blockchain technology and its implications for industries, governance systems, and societal
structures.
World Economic Forum Realizing the Potential of Blockchainmustafa sarac
This white paper discusses governance challenges around blockchain technology and proposes a multistakeholder approach. It outlines three levels of governance needs: at the platform level to address issues like scalability and energy use; at the application level to oversee development and ensure usability; and at the ecosystem level to establish standards and coordinate regulation. It analyzes eight stakeholder groups and proposes addressing governance through seven types of global networks, such as for standards, knowledge sharing, and advocacy. The goal is to steward blockchain responsibly and realize its potential to disrupt industries and foster global inclusion through open and decentralized systems.
WEF Realizing the Potential of BlockchainIan Beckett
This document discusses governance challenges for blockchain technology and proposes a multistakeholder approach. It begins by describing blockchain as a new global resource that could transform industries in the way the internet has. However, proper stewardship is needed to realize its full potential. The internet provides a model of governance through multistakeholder networks rather than top-down control. The document analyzes governance needs at the levels of blockchain platforms, applications, and the overall ecosystem. It identifies stakeholders and applies a framework of "global solution networks" to discuss how standards, knowledge sharing, advocacy, and other functions could be coordinated in a distributed way. The goal is to preserve this emerging technology and resource for broad benefit.
Determining the impact of global-local transformations of property on the for...Igor Britchenko
The object of research is the relationship between the processes of formation of the information-network society and the global-local transformation of property relations at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries. The problem has been identified that the limitations of theoretical approaches to explain the content and interrelation of property relations and the social meaning of high-tech development have led to an increase in general socio-economic instability. To solve the problem, the definition of the institution of property as an economic good is provided. A three-level traditional model of public management has been highlighted. It is shown that the existing triple structure of the public sector of economy should acquire a different value content. The new model in the dynamic unity of markets of pure public benefits, public goods, private goods harmonizes public interests, strengthens relations of trust. This model forms the foundations for the formation of nanoeconomics in a broad sense as the forerunner of harmonious institutional architectonics of the economy. Nanoeconomics, as part of baby economics, human economics, and economics of nanotechnology, is based on the principles of rational behavior in making economic decisions within the limits of power. In the depths of baby economics, skills and competencies are formed in handling property. The human economy ensures the proper implementation of property functions. Within the experimental part of the study, a mathematical model of multifactor regression is constructed. The model confirmed the presence of dense dependence (0.9076) of the growth of GDP per capita on the state of distribution of property rights in the national economy. The area of practical use of the results is the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine's economy through the activation of its domestic business potential.
When Ostrom Meets Blockchain: Exploring the Potentials of Blockchain for Comm...eraser Juan José Calderón
When Ostrom Meets Blockchain: Exploring the Potentials of Blockchain for Commons Governance by David Rozas (drozas@ucm.es), Antonio Tenorio-Fornés (antoniotenorio@ucm.es), Silvia
1 2
Díaz-Molina (smdmolina@ucm.es), and Samer Hassan (shassan@cyber.harvard.edu)
An Overview: The future of Blockchain Technology in Education. Khadija Mansou...eraser Juan José Calderón
- Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger or database that records digital transactions in a way that is secure, transparent, and permanent. It has the potential to disrupt many industries by reducing costs and the need for intermediaries.
- Some potential applications of blockchain technology include financial transactions, education, cloud storage, healthcare, transportation, legal services, digital currency, and public records management. It allows for more efficient and secure transfer of assets, data, and records.
- Challenges that led to the development of blockchain include overreliance on centralization and third parties in transactions. Blockchain addresses this through decentralization, transparency, cryptography, and incentivizing contribution to the network through a consensus mechanism.
Ontology engineering, along with semantic Web technologies, allow the semantic development and modeling of the operational flow required for blockchain design. The semantic Web, in accordance with W3C, "provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries" and can be seen as an integrator for various content, applications and information systems. The most widely used blockchain modelling system, by abstract representation, description and definition of structure, processes, information and resources, is the enterprises modelling. Enterprise modelling uses domain ontologies by model representation languages.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.19062.24642
This document provides a literature review of blockchain-based solutions for issues in the Internet of Things (IoT). It first discusses features of IoT and issues it faces related to security, privacy, and centralized control. Blockchain is proposed as a technology that can address these issues due to its decentralized, immutable, and traceable nature. The review then outlines features of blockchain like decentralization, immutability, and traceability that make it suitable for addressing IoT issues. Specific issues in IoT that could benefit from blockchain solutions are also discussed. Finally, potential issues with implementing blockchain in IoT are acknowledged.
This document discusses using MongoDB as the core database for building enterprise-grade blockchain applications. It begins by providing background on blockchain technology and how it removes friction along axes of control, trust, and value. It then examines four potential blockchain database deployment scenarios depending on whether the blockchain is within an enterprise or consortium and whether the data is operational or not. The key benefits of using MongoDB are that it can provide the querying, scaling, and operational capabilities required of databases while also supporting the decentralized, immutable, and asset-based nature of blockchains.
Critical Analysis of Technology Law in India with Reference to Foreign Mechanismijtsrd
During the past few decades, we have witness some of the most exponential growth in our field of technology, whether it is a matter of law, social framework, economic or any other manner in which it has intersected various disciplines. Starting from the UN General Assembly Resolution leading to the approval of the Information Technology Act, further leading to the enactment of the Modern Electronic Trade Law. In reference to which we observed that how the right to privacy modified by the growth of information technology, and after which the technology has changed its contents for the protection of their legal interests. In this technologically evolved world, data is the new currency. As India, has no comprehensive data protection legislation and privacy legislation. The existing policies and laws are, in essence, sectoral in nature. These Sectoral Laws pertain to the IT Law, 2000. It is also observed that how the amendment to the Information Technology Act which entered into force in February 2009 with the presidential assent, has made a crucial impact in India in reference to the IT Laws, stated that information confidentiality constitutes as a part of our privacy right and stated that confidentiality included the right to preserve the personal identify. Jyotirmoy Banerjee | Pooja Banerjee "Critical Analysis of Technology Law in India with Reference to Foreign Mechanism" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49462.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/49462/critical-analysis-of-technology-law-in-india-with-reference-to-foreign-mechanism/jyotirmoy-banerjee
Similar to Impact of Technological Blockchain Paradigm on the Movement of Intellectual Property in the Digital Space T.V. Shatkovskaya & others (20)
Evaluación de t-MOOC universitario sobre competencias digitales docentes medi...eraser Juan José Calderón
Evaluación de t-MOOC universitario sobre competencias
digitales docentes mediante juicio de expertos
según el Marco DigCompEdu.
Julio Cabero-Almenara
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
cabero@us.es
Julio Barroso--‐Osuna
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
jbarroso@us.es
Antonio Palacios--‐Rodríguez
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
aprodriguez@us.es
Carmen Llorente--‐Cejudo
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
karen@us.es
This document announces a special issue of the journal "Comunicar" on hate speech in communication. It provides details such as the issue date, submission deadline, thematic editors, and scope. The scope describes hate speech and calls for research analyzing hate speech messages, backgrounds, and intervention strategies. The document lists descriptive keywords and questions to guide submitted papers. It introduces the three thematic editors and provides their backgrounds and research interests related to communication, media, and online environments. Submission guidelines and relevant website links are also included.
REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL LAYING DOWN HARMONIS...eraser Juan José Calderón
Proposal for a
REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
LAYING DOWN HARMONISED RULES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACT) AND AMENDING CERTAIN UNION
LEGISLATIVE ACTS
Predicting Big Data Adoption in Companies With an Explanatory and Predictive ...eraser Juan José Calderón
Predicting Big Data Adoption in Companies With an Explanatory and Predictive Model
Predecir la adopción de Big Data en empresas con un modelo explicativo y predictivo. @currovillarejo @jpcabrera71 @gutiker y @fliebc
Innovar con blockchain en las ciudades: Ideas para lograrlo, casos de uso y a...eraser Juan José Calderón
La jornada analizó casos reales de uso de blockchain y sus posibilidades en Las Rozas a través de varias mesas redondas. Se presentó el proyecto DeConfianza que usa blockchain para dar transparencia a la compra de viviendas. También se discutió el potencial de la identidad digital soberana basada en blockchain y algunas aplicaciones posibles en Las Rozas como la gestión energética. Las Rozas fue elogiado como un espacio para probar innovaciones como blockchain.
Ética y Revolución Digital
Revista Diecisiete nº 4 2021. Investigación Interdisciplinar para los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.
PANORAMA
Ética y Derecho en la Revolución Digital
Txetxu Ausín y Margarita Robles Carrillo
artículoS
¿Cuarta Revolución Industrial? El reto de la digitalización y sus consecuencias ambientales y antropológicas
Joaquín Fernández Mateo
Hacia una ética del ecosistema híbrido del espacio físico y el ciberespacio
Ángel Gómez de Ágreda y Claudio Feijóo
Aprendizaje-Servicio y Agenda 2030 en la formación de ingenieros de la tecnología inteligente
Angeles Manjarrés y Simon Pickin
Tecnología Humanitaria como catalizadora de una nueva arquitectura de Acción Exterior en España: Horizonte 2030
Raquel Esther Jorge Ricart
Revolución digital, tecnooptimismo y educación
Ricardo Riaza
Desafíos éticos en la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial a los sistemas de defensa
Juan A. Moliner González
notas y colaboraciones
Hacerse viral: las actividades artísticas y su respuesta ante los retos que impone la transformación digital
Marta Pérez Ibáñez
Salud digital: una oportunidad y un imperativo ético
Joan Bigorra Llosas y Laura Sampietro-Colom
El futuro digital del sector energético
Beatriz Crisóstomo Merino y María Luz Cruz Aparicio
Innovación y transformación digital en las ONG. La visión de Acción contra el Hambre
Víctor Giménez Sánchez de la Blanca
El impacto de la inteligencia artificial en la Sociedad y su aplicación en el sector financiero
María Asunción Gilsanz Muñoz
La ética en los estudios de ingeniería
Rafael Miñano Rubio y Gonzalo Génova Fuster
An ethical and sustainable future of work
David Pastor-Escuredo, Gianni Giacomelli, Julio Lumbreras y Juan Garbajosa
Los datos en una administración pública digital - Perspectiva Uruguay
María Laura Rodríguez Mendaro
Ciudades y digitalización: construyendo desde la ética
David Pastor-Escuredo, Celia Fernandez-Aller, Jesus Salgado, Leticia Izquierdo y María Ángeles Huerta
#StopBigTechGoverningBigTech . More than 170 Civil Society Groups Worldwide O...eraser Juan José Calderón
#StopBigTechGoverningBigTech: More than 170 Civil Society Groups Worldwide Oppose Plans for a
Big Tech Dominated Body for Global Digital Governance.
Not only in developing countries but also in the US and EU, calls for stronger regulation of Big Tech
are rising. At the precise point when we should be shaping global norms to regulate Big Tech, plans
have emerged for an ‘empowered’ global digital governance body that will evidently be dominated
by Big Tech. Adding vastly to its already overweening power, this new Body would help Big Tech
resist effective regulation, globally and at national levels. Indeed, we face the unbelievable prospect
of ‘a Big Tech led body for Global Governance of Big Tech’.
Este documento presenta un pacto por la ciencia y la innovación en España. Propone aumentar la inversión pública en I+D+I gradualmente hasta alcanzar el 1.25% del PIB en 2030 para alcanzar los niveles de inversión de la UE. También compromete dotar de autonomía a las entidades financiadoras de I+D+I y consolidar una carrera pública estable para los investigadores.
The document announces the expert panel members of the European Blockchain Observatory and Forum. It lists over 100 experts from academia and industry across Europe who will advise on strengthening the European blockchain ecosystem. The experts come from a variety of backgrounds including law, technology, finance, government, and consulting.
Desigualdades educativas derivadas del COVID-19 desde una perspectiva feminis...eraser Juan José Calderón
Desigualdades educativas derivadas del COVID-19 desde una perspectiva feminista. Análisis de los discursos de profesionales de la educación madrileña.
Melani Penna Tosso * Mercedes Sánchez SáinzCristina Mateos CasadoUniversidad Complutense de Madrid, España
Objetivos: Especificar las principales dificultades percibidas por las profesoras y los departamentos y equipos de orientación en relación con la atención a las diversidades en la actual situación de pandemia generada por el COVID-19. Exponer las prácticas educativas implementadas por dichas profesionales para disminuir las desigualdades. Visibilizar desigualdades de género que se dan en el ámbito educativo, relacionadas con la situación de pandemia entre el alumnado, el profesorado y las familias, desde una perspectiva feminista. Analizar las propuestas de cambio que proponen estas profesionales de la educación ante posibles repeticiones de situaciones de emergencia similares.
Resultados: Los docentes se han visto sobrecargados por el trabajo en confinamiento, en general el tiempo de trabajo ha tomado las casas, los espacios familiares, el tiempo libre y los fines de semana. Las profesionales entrevistadas se ven obligadas a una conexión permanente, sin limitación horaria y con horarios condicionados por las familias del alumnado. Se distinguen dos períodos bien diferenciados, en que los objetivos pasaron de ser emocionales a académicos. Como problemática general surge la falta de coordinación dentro los centros educativos.
Método: Análisis de entrevistas semiestructuradas a través de la metodología de análisis crítico de discurso.
Fuente de datos: Entrevistas
Autores: Melani Penna Tosso, Mercedes Sánchez Sáinz y Cristina Mateos Casado
Año: 2020
Institución: Universidad Complutense de Madrid
País al que refiere el análisis: España
Tipo de publicación: Revista arbitrada
"Experiencias booktuber: Más allá del libro y de la pantalla"
Maria Del Mar Suárez
Cristina Alcaraz Andreu
University of Barcelona
2020, R. Roig-Vila (Coord.), J. M. Antolí Martínez & R. Díez Ros (Eds.), XARXES-INNOVAESTIC 2020. Llibre d’actes / REDES-INNOVAESTIC 2020. Libro de actas (pp. 479-480). Alacant: Universitat d'Alacant. ISBN: 978-84-09-20651-3.
Recursos educativos abiertos (REA) en las universidades españolas. Open educational resources (OER) in the Spanish universities. Gema Santos-Hermosa; Eva Estupinyà; Brigit Nonó-Rius; Lidón París-Folch; Jordi Prats-Prat
El modelo flipped classroom: un reto para una enseñanza centrada en el alumnoeraser Juan José Calderón
Este documento presenta el índice del número 391 de la Revista de Educación, correspondiente a enero-marzo de 2021. La revista es un medio de difusión de investigaciones y avances en educación publicado por el Ministerio de Educación de España. El número presentado es monotemático y se centra en el modelo de enseñanza conocido como "flipped classroom". Incluye 7 artículos en la sección monográfica sobre este tema y una sección de investigaciones.
Pensamiento propio e integración transdisciplinaria en la epistémica social. ...eraser Juan José Calderón
This document discusses using one's own thinking as a pedagogical strategy to promote critical thinking, leadership, and humanism in university students. It describes teaching an epistemology course where collaborative dynamics and transdisciplinary integration were used to develop students' cognitive abilities and social construction of knowledge. The strategy began with collaborative practice in the classroom and concluded with students publishing a reflective journal.
Escuela de Robótica de Misiones. Un modelo de educación disruptiva. 2019, Ed21. Fundación Santillana.
Carola Aideé Silvero
María Aurelia Escalada
Colaboradores:
Alejandro Piscitelli
Flavia Morales
Julio Alonso
La Universidad española Frente a la pandemia. Actuaciones de Crue Universidad...eraser Juan José Calderón
Este documento resume el contexto internacional de la pandemia de COVID-19 y sus efectos en la educación superior a nivel mundial. Se cerraron universidades en 185 países, afectando al 90% de los estudiantes. Las instituciones tuvieron que adaptar rápidamente la enseñanza a la modalidad online. Organismos internacionales como la UNESCO y el Banco Mundial publicaron recomendaciones para garantizar la continuidad educativa y mitigar los impactos sociales y económicos a corto y largo plazo. Además, asociaciones
Covid-19 and IoT: Some Perspectives on the Use of IoT Technologies in Prevent...eraser Juan José Calderón
Covid-19 and IoT: Some Perspectives on the Use of
IoT Technologies in Preventing and Monitoring
COVID-19 Like Infectious Diseases & Lessons
Learned and Impact of Pandemic on IoT
CRYPTOCURRENCY REVOLUTIONIZING THE FINANCIAL LANDSCAPE AND SHAPING THE FUTURE...itsfaizankhan091
Cryptocurrency, a digital or virtual form of currency that uses cryptography for security, has revolutionized the financial landscape. Originating with Bitcoin's inception in 2009 by the pseudonymous Satoshi Nakamoto, cryptocurrencies have grown from niche curiosities to mainstream financial instruments, reshaping how we think about money, transactions, and the global economy.
The birth of Bitcoin marked the beginning of the cryptocurrency era. Unlike traditional currencies issued by governments and controlled by central banks, Bitcoin operates on a decentralized network using blockchain technology. This technology ensures transparency, security, and immutability of transactions, fundamentally challenging the centralized financial systems that have dominated for centuries.
Bitcoin was conceived as a peer-to-peer electronic cash system, aimed at providing an alternative to the traditional banking system plagued by inefficiencies, high fees, and lack of transparency. The underlying blockchain technology, a distributed ledger maintained by a network of nodes, ensures that every transaction is recorded and cannot be altered, thus providing a secure and transparent financial system.
June 20, 2024
CRYPTOCURRENCY: REVOLUTIONIZING THE FINANCIAL LANDSCAPE AND SHAPING THE FUTURE
Cryptocurrency: Revolutionizing the Financial Landscape and Shaping the Future
Cryptocurrency, a digital or virtual form of currency that uses cryptography for security, has revolutionized the financial landscape. Originating with Bitcoin's inception in 2009 by the pseudonymous Satoshi Nakamoto, cryptocurrencies have grown from niche curiosities to mainstream financial instruments, reshaping how we think about money, transactions, and the global economy.
#### The Genesis of Cryptocurrency
The birth of Bitcoin marked the beginning of the cryptocurrency era. Unlike traditional currencies issued by governments and controlled by central banks, Bitcoin operates on a decentralized network using blockchain technology. This technology ensures transparency, security, and immutability of transactions, fundamentally challenging the centralized financial systems that have dominated for centuries.
Bitcoin was conceived as a peer-to-peer electronic cash system, aimed at providing an alternative to the traditional banking system plagued by inefficiencies, high fees, and lack of transparency. The underlying blockchain technology, a distributed ledger maintained by a network of nodes, ensures that every transaction is recorded and cannot be altered, thus providing a secure and transparent financial system.
#### The Proliferation of Altcoins
Following Bitcoin's success, thousands of alternative cryptocurrencies, or altcoins, have emerged. Each of these altcoins aims to improve upon Bitcoin or serve specific purposes within the digital economy. Notable examples include Ethereum, which introduced smart contracts – self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement
“Amidst Tempered Optimism” Main economic trends in May 2024 based on the results of the New Monthly Enterprises Survey, #NRES
On 12 June 2024 the Institute for Economic Research and Policy Consulting (IER) held an online event “Economic Trends from a Business Perspective (May 2024)”.
During the event, the results of the 25-th monthly survey of business executives “Ukrainian Business during the war”, which was conducted in May 2024, were presented.
The field stage of the 25-th wave lasted from May 20 to May 31, 2024. In May, 532 companies were surveyed.
The enterprise managers compared the work results in May 2024 with April, assessed the indicators at the time of the survey (May 2024), and gave forecasts for the next two, three, or six months, depending on the question. In certain issues (where indicated), the work results were compared with the pre-war period (before February 24, 2022).
✅ More survey results in the presentation.
✅ Video presentation: https://youtu.be/4ZvsSKd1MzE
PFMS, India's Public Financial Management System, revolutionizes fund tracking and distribution, ensuring transparency and efficiency. It enables real-time monitoring, direct benefit transfers, and comprehensive reporting, significantly improving financial management and reducing fraud across government schemes.
13 Jun 24 ILC Retirement Income Summit - slides.pptxILC- UK
ILC's Retirement Income Summit was hosted by M&G and supported by Canada Life. The event brought together key policymakers, influencers and experts to help identify policy priorities for the next Government and ensure more of us have access to a decent income in retirement.
Contributors included:
Jo Blanden, Professor in Economics, University of Surrey
Clive Bolton, CEO, Life Insurance M&G Plc
Jim Boyd, CEO, Equity Release Council
Molly Broome, Economist, Resolution Foundation
Nida Broughton, Co-Director of Economic Policy, Behavioural Insights Team
Jonathan Cribb, Associate Director and Head of Retirement, Savings, and Ageing, Institute for Fiscal Studies
Joanna Elson CBE, Chief Executive Officer, Independent Age
Tom Evans, Managing Director of Retirement, Canada Life
Steve Groves, Chair, Key Retirement Group
Tish Hanifan, Founder and Joint Chair of the Society of Later life Advisers
Sue Lewis, ILC Trustee
Siobhan Lough, Senior Consultant, Hymans Robertson
Mick McAteer, Co-Director, The Financial Inclusion Centre
Stuart McDonald MBE, Head of Longevity and Democratic Insights, LCP
Anusha Mittal, Managing Director, Individual Life and Pensions, M&G Life
Shelley Morris, Senior Project Manager, Living Pension, Living Wage Foundation
Sarah O'Grady, Journalist
Will Sherlock, Head of External Relations, M&G Plc
Daniela Silcock, Head of Policy Research, Pensions Policy Institute
David Sinclair, Chief Executive, ILC
Jordi Skilbeck, Senior Policy Advisor, Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association
Rt Hon Sir Stephen Timms, former Chair, Work & Pensions Committee
Nigel Waterson, ILC Trustee
Jackie Wells, Strategy and Policy Consultant, ILC Strategic Advisory Board
ITES KPO BPO IT sector in the country has increased at an incredible rate o...yashwanthkumar517728
ites KPO and BPO,IT sector in the country has increased at an incredible rate of 35% per year for the last 10 years reinforces the view that India is world class in IT
The IT sector is one of the largest employers of women, and therefore, can play a crucial role in women empowerment and the reduction of gender inequalities.
Introduction to Metro in India by cosmo soil.pptxcosmo-soil
The metro system in India is a vital part of urban mobility, providing eco-friendly, efficient, and affordable transportation. This article explores its history, benefits, and future developments, highlighting how metros enhance quality of life and drive urban development.
Impact of Technological Blockchain Paradigm on the Movement of Intellectual Property in the Digital Space T.V. Shatkovskaya & others
1. European Research Studies Journal
Volume XXI, Special Issue 1, 2018
pp. 397-406
Impact of Technological Blockchain Paradigm on the
Movement of Intellectual Property in the Digital Space
T.V. Shatkovskaya1
, A.B. Shumilina2
, G.G. Nebratenko3
,
Ju.I. Isakova4
, E.Yu. Sapozhnikova5
Abstract:
The article is dedicated to investigate the problem of influence of cutting edge digital
technology on the virtual and real legal relations, related to the movement and the turnover
of intellectual property.
Using the method of analyzing modern definitions of blockchain, and relying on the political-
economic theory of social redistribution of wealth, authors define the term blockchain and its
principles as a technological paradigm.
Authors conclude the fact that blockchain can be used to guarantee intellectual property
rights and it should be accepted at the national level.
As a mechanism of a trusted environment, blockchain allows to reduce transaction costs and
increase the level of commercialization of intellectual property.
Keywords: Blockchain, intellectual property, paradigm, smart contracts, digital civil
transfer, digital economy.
1
D.Sc., in Law, Professor, The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and
Public Administration, Rostov-on-Don, e-mail: shatkovskaya.tv@gmail.com
2
Ph.D., in Law, Associate Professor of the Department "Commercial and Entrepreneurial
Law" of the Don State Technical University, e-mail: nahum82@mail.ru
3
D.Sc., in Law, Professor, Department of Theory of State and Law, Rostov Law Institute of
the Interior of the Russian Federation, e-mail: gennady@nebratenko.ru
4
Ph.D., in Law, D.Sc. in Sociology, Dean of the Faculty of Law, Head of the Department
“Criminal law and Criminalistics”, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, e-mail:
isakova.pravo@bk.ru
5
Ph.D., in Economics, Head of the Chair «Commercial and Business Law», Don State
Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, e-mail: sekunovak@mail.ru
2. Impact of Technological Blockchain Paradigm on the Movement of Intellectual
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1. Introduction
The 21st
century has become the epoch of technological revolutions, which have led
to the paradigm transformation in the ways rights and legal provisions of socio-
economic phenomena are approached, which is explained by the wide-spread use of
information technology. Blockchain and other digital technology set the new
paradigm of human existence, disrupting the traditional hierarchical systems and
forming new physical dimensions (Japparova and Rupeika-Apoga, 2017).
The emergence of civil digital transfer and blockchain transactions with results of
intellectual activity, require the necessary information collection and analysis
regarding the character of changing rights and obligations of parties, impacting their
interest regarding the deal, which in turn increases the value of intellectual products
and stimulates the formation of values (Saksonova and Kuzmina-Merlino, 2017).
The topic is very relevant, especially given all the mention given to the digital
economy in legislation, presentations by leaders of the IT industry, are in one way or
another connected to the universe on non-material assets and their “tockenisation”
with the use of blockchain. Experts in different fields, competent enough to discuss
and hypothesize regarding the topic of blockchain, have diverging points of view.
Some believe that blockchain is a new method of trust. Others associate blockchain
with bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Lawyers are more pragmatic in defining
blockchain. They define blockchain as an electronic book of in-out transactions,
storage of information about rights, automated business process. Obviously, the
views about new technology and its potential are so basic and reflects reality, similar
to the flight equipment that Icarus used when compared to the high-speed aircrafts.
Therefore let us define blockchain at first, as the expression used by Walter (1988)
regarding the need to agree on the definitions given the conditions of paradigm and
mental changes that we talk about is highly relevant.
2. Methodological approach toward understanding blockchain
Organizational and technological composition of blockchain can be associated with
a data base or some sort of register. However, such comparison is only applicable if
we compare the shape. In a sense, the system of blocks is significantly different
from any traditional data base.
First of all, the subjects forming the system are equal and interact on the principals
of social consensus, trust and self-interest. Secondly, blockchain registers may not
only be used for storage, but also to determine and transfer synchronized, automated,
coded information about any property. It is also widely used and consumed. Thirdly,
the presence of technological capabilities to transfer and exchange electronic code
between the right holder and consumer creates the price for the object, defined by
the agreement between parties, demand, expressed by the number of users of the
code. And finally, active data based of non-material assets require the presence of
3. T.V. Shatkovskaya, A.B. Shumilina, G.G. Nebratenko, Ju.I. Isakova, E.Yu. Sapozhnikova
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one party, responsible for the actualization and the preservation of data. Therefore,
any operations by right holders regarding the objects in the register need to be
delivered to the administrating subject (for example, the use of agreements for
EVM, invention, industrial sample, trademark, selective achievement). Such
organization implies the trust from the right holders to the subject, that is
administrating the register or other data bases.
The content of blockchain is related to the problem of social benefits redistribution
with or without government involvement, which has been carefully investigated
since Aristotle. He related the meaning of fairness and equality with the approach of
redistributing priviliges and material benefits in society (Vovchenko et al., 2017).
The epoch of industrial revolution and development of money exchange relations,
has given the opportunity to formulate the main principles of redistribution, and the
problem of social redistribution of national wealth has become the subject of special
research amongst the representatives of political economy (A. Smith, D. Ricardo, K.
Marx and others). Thus, according to A. Smith (1935), the development of wealth of
nations is directly related to the means of exchange and income distribution within
the society. Radical changes in the view on redistribution is related to the social
nature of redistribution. In the framework of this approach the problems of public
income distribution between social groups has been investigated, discovering the
main tendencies to change the distribution shares (Albekov et al., 2017).
Finally, in the 19th
century, the representatives of the theory of social redistribution
have proven, that redistribution is not regulated by economic laws, but by legal
norms and customs, depending on the political organization in the society. Thus, E.
During (1893) devotes a special role to the social-legal factor as a necessary
requirement for economic redistribution in various historical periods.
Smith’s (1935) idea that normal functioning of the public system doesn’t need the
centralized government regulation, was accepted and developed by the economists
in the 20th
century. For example, H. Demsetz (1973) investigated such means of
coordinating the economic system, as technology, consumer preferences and price
manipulation. In turn, R. Couse (2007) has proven the impossibility of successful
centralized economic management. He has explained the theory of transaction costs
as the barrier for exchange development and agreement between individuals
regarding the use of imperfect information. Blockchain technology is in fact the
method to reduce transaction costs. It simplifies contract composition and distributes
resources via price mechanism.
The working of R. Couse (2007) firstly presented in the 30s, may serve as an
instruction to ensure profitability and stability of blockchain startups. We suppose,
that he has explained the reasons for a short lifespan amongst these firms. In fact, he
mentioned, that the inventions and other innovations, that simplify and improve the
management techniques lead to firm growth. Larger firm size in turn produces more
4. Impact of Technological Blockchain Paradigm on the Movement of Intellectual
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transactions, which is the reason for decreasing effectiveness of the company, due to
the misbalance of organizational costs within the firm and marketing costs, which
disrupt the balance between initiatives and management.
Therefore, blockchain is a new technological paradigm, that establishes the physical
environemtn for scientific and applied sphere of human activity, related to extraction
of cumulative value, transformation into the digital form and transfer via the
automated exchange without third parties.
3. Applications of blockchain in the sphere of intellectual property
The use of blockchain technology has been simplified for the user to the maximum
level. Digital image of intellectual property is registered by the rights holder in the
journal. Attestation services of the platform ensure the legitimacy of the statement
about ownership of non-material assets. These attestation service use hashing or
time intervals.
Hashing in a sense is a method of coding the exact content of the initial file, via a
mathematical algorithm of data synchronization. The result of the process is a hash,
a line of 64 symbols, that serve as a unique identification of the file. The small size
of hash makes it possible to integrate it as text into any blockchain transaction,
thereby creating a mark, that is protected from any changes over time. Thus,
blockchain becomes a register of approved digital objects.
Non-material assets are registered in register-journals and are managed by those,
possessing secret key. The sale of the asset is performed via the use of smart-
contracts (works as a trading platform), eliminating human factor and performed
automatically, which is accompanied by the transfer of the secret key to the
purchasing customer. The principles of blockchain functioning are established by the
decentralized system of digital image distribution of material and non-material
assets, as well as forms of the distributed register, based on the third generation of IT
technology. These include:
- All the participants have information access, however no one has control over
the information;
- The system doesn’t have a hierarchy, amongst the many blockchain nodes,
there is no dominant node;
- System of transactions is transparent and pure, each operation is available to
everyone, who has access to the system;
- Trust for the system is defined by the number of users.
Record of all transactions is unchanged and with the help of hash (electronic code) it
is possible to compare and verify the real object and image of the initial information,
which was the basis for the code.
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Full range of capabilities of application of blockchain in the intellectual property
sphere cannot be forecasted today, that’s why we decide to focus on the current
projects. The problem of forming the registers of intellectual property results, used
in the digital ecosystem has a number of interrelated aspects. Above all,
digitalization of intellectual property has resulted in mass breaching of rights of non-
material asset owners. Partly, the situation is explained by the absence of available
legal ways of intellectual resources transfer in the Internet network, that are both
beneficial for the owner and the user.
In the sphere of copyright object use, the use of blockchain is actualized via the
emergence of author rights in the majority of participants of the Bern Convention
without any registration. Platfroms that are currently active, based on blockchain can
be grouped based on the type of the service provided. A range of platforms like
“Proof of Existence” (2017) allows the creators of art, EVM programs and other
objects, that are easily transformed into digital form to easily prove author right and
the dates of documentation. Cryptographical operation of hash creation is performed
on the client side, which is in turn included into the transaction, that in turn is
included into the block.
The use of platforms of Blockai type allows the right holders to control the transfer
of results of intellectual property in the Internet and agree on terms with third
parties. After the registration, the creator is issued with a digital certificate of
legitimacy, that allows third parties to identify the author of the object or any other
right holder.
The breakthrough in the sphere of digital Internet property protection and
commercialization are the projects that are similar to Monegraf, Ascribe (2017) that
perform the registration of intellectual property rights and contain instruments of
automatic protection of published multimedia objects, such as internet websites,
computer games, virtual museums and libraries and etc. Wide spreading of various
cryptocurrencies creates the economic system of registration, storage, approval and
transfer of exclusive rights.
The most important principles of blockchain functioning are “if you don’t pay – you
will not get it” and high “hacking resistance” attract attention of the market
participants. Based on the blockchain, almost all of the streaming services have been
tested in order to eliminate piracy. This problem hasn’t been solved, despite
implementation of hard-line laws and severe punishments in all the courts around
the world. Now the legal methods have given space to high technology.
Blockchain can serve as a guarantor for the intellectual rights. An example of this is
the project by Ujo in cooperation with the singer Imogen Heap, which has made
possible to overcome the inefficient music industry with the use of blockchain. The
singer has released a song “Tiny Human” on the blockchain platform and users were
able to buy the licenses for download, transfer, remix and synchronization via smart-
6. Impact of Technological Blockchain Paradigm on the Movement of Intellectual
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contracts. Each payment has been automatically broken down into the block-chain
and was sent to Imogen Heap. This example demonstrates, that authors can use
blockchain for better control and use of their artwork, improvement of collaboration
and fair rewards. New systems of distribution of audio-visual content can also
interest authors due to different reasons. It allows them to stop paying for the
services of recording studios, distributors and other rights protecting organizations.
The need for all these services will disappear.
The sphere of patent rights contains different solutions for protection of risks and the
opportunity to prove the uniqueness if the invention, software or artwork at any
time. The most “safe” way – is to provide a copy, certified by the notary. This is a
complicated procedure, especially for the companies, that create something every
day, or lines of code that require protection. A modern solution has been offered by
the Bernstein company, which is the notary services based on blockchain, in order to
establich the right for the innovation. The document uploaded to the platform
remains confidential, however it can later be proven, that it existed on the date of its
upload and hasn’t been changed. It is also possible to claim the publication of this
document if required, and use it for protection, in order to prevent third party
patenting it after the publication. Platform is available since April 2017.
In order to stop patent trolling, the Ministry of Digital Commerce in Great Britain
has created a Blockchain Intellectual Property Council (BIPC) in 2017. The aim of
BIPC is the development of global patent protective strategy, that will block patent
trolling in its embryonic stage. The members of BIPC are the companies, active
blockchain users Chain, Digital Asset, IMB, Microsoft, CoinDesk, Blockstream,
Bloq, Civic, Cognizant, Deloitte, Digital Currency Group, Ernst&Young, Gem,
Medici Ventures, T0.com, TMX and Wipfli. Despite the creation of patent
information storage, related to block chain, BIPC will study various models for its
protection.
The number of patent filings and trademarks, related to blockchain is rapidly
increasing. At the moment the data base of Europatent contains 65 filings, that
contain the word “blockchain” and 69, which mention “bitcoin”. Couple of years
ahead and these disruptive patents can become extremely valuable. Millions of lines
of code can also represent a highly valuable IP-address.
Proteciton of intellectual property and material assets – is one of the most rapidly
developing directions (Blockchain authentification for detecting fake products). At
the moment there is a number of applications, that have been developed to track and
identify such products, as diamonds or fashionable products and preventing their
duplication, such as Blockverify, Everledger and VeChain. The latter represents the
solution for chain management, which can be used to track any element of deal with
intellectual IP-network. Smart blocking contracts will improve the reliability of
digital systems in the interest of Intellectual Property rights holders and interested
parties.
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Agrello based in Estonia, has currently made a lot of noise. The company accepts the
requests for processing legally binding intellectual contracts, which are produced
with the help of digital technology and are reflected in the public block chain.
Therefore, technologies, that implement block chains, solve many problems related
to transaction, for example confidentiality, security, completeness, reduction of
transaction costs, automatic registration of smart contracts, payments, collaboration
and etc. The most important problem with the activity of modern blockchain
platforms is the inability to check the rights of ownership for the digital object from
the client. However, this problems will be resolved after the introduction of digital
face identification, performing the hashing of the document.
4. Potential of Blockchain in Transforming the Intellectual Property
Transfer in Russia
We consider important to focus on the factor, impacting the development of use of
blockchain technology related to the government and other regulating entities
regarding exchange transactions in the sphere of digital economy. The attitude of
government towards legalization of legal rights and obligations resulting from
blockchain transactions (not centralized regulation) will determine the quality of
development of innovation projects and investment climate in the digital sphere.
After negative and passive-spectating attitude from the government towards the
digital commercialization of intellectual property in the last couple of years, last year
has been notable for the emergence of a number of international and government
organizations regarding digitalization of the system of government control, with
wide-spread use of technology for decentralized register and information storage
about material and non-material assets (Estonia, Switzerland).
Standardization of blockchain technology on the international level is implemented
by the international technical committee targetting blockchain standardization
(Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies), which includes 35 countries.
The turn of Russian government towards digitalization has started in 2015, when the
President of the Russian Federation has announced the revolutionary significance of
new technology. In fact, V.V. Putin has rejected the view that the presence of rich
material resources gives Russia the opportunity not to engage in technically
demanding and complex digital technologies. President has pointed, that stone age
has finished, but not because there were no more stones left. He believes that the use
of blockchain will allow the country to make a breakthrough into the future. It is
hard to disagree, which is why in the modern world, things lose value very quickly.
Information becomes more valuable than money. Obviously, it is about the
information that contains value, and satisfies the standards of digital property. That’s
why the modern society is becoming the society of authors – creators of technology
and other non-material assets.
8. Impact of Technological Blockchain Paradigm on the Movement of Intellectual
Property in the Digital Space
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In 2017 a number of state blockchain projects have emerged in Russia, that are
related to property register, state and city portals and services. In order to coordinate
these projects, at the end of September, the State Duma has established the Expert
Council in blockchain technology and digital economy. For development and
integration of state projects, the Center for practical implementation of blockchain
technology “The Orbit”. Overall, according to TAdviser (2017a), last year 38 (out of
50) legal parties have been created. These relate their activity to blockchain
technologies, software development for EVM, legal activity, scientific development
in the sphere of biotechnology, renting out intellectual property and etc.
With support from the Ministry of Education in the October 2017, an initiative has
been created in order to create and integrate blockchain platforms for knowledge
transfer and author rights management. It is expected, that the platform will become
the environment for production and transfer of exclusive rights. According to the
Ministry of Education, the platform will contribute towards quicker establishment of
author rights on scientific-technological objects, as well as the creation of a fair
model of exclusive rights transfer, and will simplify and make cheaper (due to
elimination of third parties and brokers) the access to copyright.
We suppose, that a serious threat for the state-initiated startups in the sphere of
commercialization of intellectual property is the centralized approach towards
implementation of blockchain projects and prioritized development of closed
distribution systems; the absence of legislative basis for the deals closure in the
digital space and acceptance of civil transfer; legal fragility of the sphere of
utilization and data analysis, order of data access and responsibility for non-
sanctioned use; inability to legitimately describe the results of intellectual activity in
the form of digital models.
5. Discussion and results
Therefore, modern digital transformation of socio-economic state of human lifestyle
has once again made the problem of scarce and valuable resource distribution,
relevant. Modern order of agreement setting results in significant costs for parties, as
it requires preliminary communication, agreement preparation, presence of
mediators and others. As a result, the majority of the deals become so expensive that
there is no point of agreement. Redistributions of non-material assets, using
blockchain technology is based on the market principles, minimizing transaction
costs, resulting in increasing value of intellectual property results. However, initial
separation of legal rights of subjects, affects the effectiveness of the system of non-
material assets redistribution on the basis of blockchain. The absence of legislative
acceptance of rights of blockchain transaction participants will result in inability to
implement optimal rights distribution.
We regard intellectual contracts as a natural way of digital economic transition. The
forms of agreements are never accepted by forever, and smart-contracts allow to use
9. T.V. Shatkovskaya, A.B. Shumilina, G.G. Nebratenko, Ju.I. Isakova, E.Yu. Sapozhnikova
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non-material and material assets with a greater return, and hence smaller costs. The
anxiety related to the difficulties of establishing intellectual contracts, due to the
inability of parties to agree on the conditions of mutual benefit distribution and
uncertainty of results are vague, as intellectual contracts represent the ready-made
solutions, accounting for the necessary transformations in case of change of the legal
disposition.
Rephrasing the Couse theorem, (2007) let’s conclude, that the owner of the
intellectual product who the contract needs to agree with, is defined by state law,
and the value of the products and the effectiveness of their use depends on the ways
of distribution and social costs which arise as a result.
Blockchain technology allows to reduce transaction costs of intellectual property
significantly and hence, improve the level of commercialization. Given this, the aim
of government legal regulation remains the legalization of digital transfer of
intellectual property and provision of balance between private interest of right
holders and users, as well as public benefit in the sense of availability of free
transfer of results of intellectual activity, which is of humanitarian significance.
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