This document provides definitions and examples for common English idioms:
- ASAP means immediately or without delay. Other idioms described include "blow a fuse" meaning to become very angry, "bored to tears" meaning feeling very bored, "break out in a cold sweat" meaning becoming nervous, "can't believe my eyes" meaning feeling shocked, and "cost an arm and a leg" meaning being very expensive.
- Additional idioms explained are "cut it out" meaning stop doing something, "drives me crazy" meaning something that is very annoying, "eat a horse" meaning being extremely hungry, and "frog in my throat" meaning having a slight cough or hoarseness. Having a
The document contains greetings and responses for common greeting situations in both Arabic and English. It provides model dialogues for introductions, asking about health, taking leave in conversations, and other social situations. Examples are given for greetings in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Responses are provided for asking how someone is feeling in different contexts like visiting someone in the hospital. The document also contains verb tenses like the present simple and present continuous tenses in English with examples.
The document presents a multiple choice question asking how many languages are spoken in the United States according to the US Census, with answer options of 457, 329, 275, 203, and 162 languages.
Kareem is cleaning up the music room. He asks Mona for help lifting the heavy bass. When Mona tries to lift it, she says "Look out!" and warns Kareem that there is a box behind him. They are getting ready for an upcoming school music ceremony. Kareem will play the flute and his friend Ahmed will play the piano at the ceremony. Kareem's parents will come to the school to see him perform.
The document contains definitions and examples for several English words:
- Above is defined as an adverb or preposition meaning higher than, more than, or at a level greater than. Examples include "The kettle was above the fire."
- At all is defined as an adverb meaning in any way or of any type. Examples include "I don’t like him at all" and "He’s had no food at all."
- Last is defined as final or at last meaning finally. An example is "He tried hard and at last he could solve the problem."
The document provides part of speech, definitions, transliterations and examples for each word defined. It appears to
Prim4 term1مستر محمود ابو غنيمة بعد التعديلأمنية وجدى
The document provides instructions on English grammar and punctuation for primary 4 students. It covers topics like capitalization of words, punctuation marks including periods, commas, question marks and apostrophes. Examples are given of how to capitalize different types of words and use punctuation correctly in sentences. Grammar forms like questions and negatives are also explained. Various vocabulary words are introduced related to animals and phonics. Sample conversations are provided to demonstrate dialogue and asking/answering questions.
This document provides an overview of phonemes in American English pronunciation. It explains that a phoneme is the smallest linguistic unit that can change meaning. American English has 44 phonemes, including 19 vowels divided into monophthongs, diphthongs and triphthongs, and 25 consonants. The document then gives examples of how to pronounce each consonant phoneme, and provides numerous word examples to demonstrate different phonemes. The purpose is to teach learners about phonemes as the basic units of pronunciation in American English.
Llicència d'Estudis 'Material de llengua anglesa per a l'alumnat amb necessitats educatives especials: metodologia de treball dins l'aula ordinària. Imma Verdaguer i Gironès. UNITAT 6.
This document provides examples of punctuation rules in Arabic, including capitalizing the first letter of certain words like names, days of the week, and months. It also lists punctuation marks used in Arabic like periods, question marks, and commas. It then provides exercises practicing these rules by rewriting sentences with proper punctuation. The document further lists important words from the second term and provides a short dialogue example using some of these words between two children asking to play outside and their father reminding them to do homework first.
The document contains greetings and responses for common greeting situations in both Arabic and English. It provides model dialogues for introductions, asking about health, taking leave in conversations, and other social situations. Examples are given for greetings in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Responses are provided for asking how someone is feeling in different contexts like visiting someone in the hospital. The document also contains verb tenses like the present simple and present continuous tenses in English with examples.
The document presents a multiple choice question asking how many languages are spoken in the United States according to the US Census, with answer options of 457, 329, 275, 203, and 162 languages.
Kareem is cleaning up the music room. He asks Mona for help lifting the heavy bass. When Mona tries to lift it, she says "Look out!" and warns Kareem that there is a box behind him. They are getting ready for an upcoming school music ceremony. Kareem will play the flute and his friend Ahmed will play the piano at the ceremony. Kareem's parents will come to the school to see him perform.
The document contains definitions and examples for several English words:
- Above is defined as an adverb or preposition meaning higher than, more than, or at a level greater than. Examples include "The kettle was above the fire."
- At all is defined as an adverb meaning in any way or of any type. Examples include "I don’t like him at all" and "He’s had no food at all."
- Last is defined as final or at last meaning finally. An example is "He tried hard and at last he could solve the problem."
The document provides part of speech, definitions, transliterations and examples for each word defined. It appears to
Prim4 term1مستر محمود ابو غنيمة بعد التعديلأمنية وجدى
The document provides instructions on English grammar and punctuation for primary 4 students. It covers topics like capitalization of words, punctuation marks including periods, commas, question marks and apostrophes. Examples are given of how to capitalize different types of words and use punctuation correctly in sentences. Grammar forms like questions and negatives are also explained. Various vocabulary words are introduced related to animals and phonics. Sample conversations are provided to demonstrate dialogue and asking/answering questions.
This document provides an overview of phonemes in American English pronunciation. It explains that a phoneme is the smallest linguistic unit that can change meaning. American English has 44 phonemes, including 19 vowels divided into monophthongs, diphthongs and triphthongs, and 25 consonants. The document then gives examples of how to pronounce each consonant phoneme, and provides numerous word examples to demonstrate different phonemes. The purpose is to teach learners about phonemes as the basic units of pronunciation in American English.
Llicència d'Estudis 'Material de llengua anglesa per a l'alumnat amb necessitats educatives especials: metodologia de treball dins l'aula ordinària. Imma Verdaguer i Gironès. UNITAT 6.
This document provides examples of punctuation rules in Arabic, including capitalizing the first letter of certain words like names, days of the week, and months. It also lists punctuation marks used in Arabic like periods, question marks, and commas. It then provides exercises practicing these rules by rewriting sentences with proper punctuation. The document further lists important words from the second term and provides a short dialogue example using some of these words between two children asking to play outside and their father reminding them to do homework first.
This document discusses English verb tenses and their uses. It outlines the simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous tenses in the past, present, and future. The simple tense is used to indicate completed past actions or present habits. The continuous tense indicates uncompleted or ongoing actions. The perfect tense signifies completed past actions, and the perfect continuous tense refers to ongoing past actions that began before and continued up until another time. Examples are provided for each tense and its typical uses.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document provides a detailed overview of English verb tenses, including the tense name, common signal words used with each tense, the verb forms for affirmative, negative and interrogative examples, and typical uses of each tense. It covers 12 tenses - simple present, present continuous, simple past, past continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, simple past perfect, past perfect continuous, future, future continuous, future perfect, and future perfect continuous. Examples are provided to illustrate the verb forms for each tense. Conditional and passive voice tenses are also briefly addressed.
The story describes the fairy tale of Sleeping Beauty. At her christening, a spiteful fairy curses the infant princess Briar-Rose to prick her finger on a spindle and die on her 15th birthday. A kind fairy modifies the curse so that the princess will instead fall into a deep sleep for 100 years. On her 15th birthday, Briar-Rose finds an old woman spinning and pricks her finger, falling into a deep sleep along with the entire kingdom. A hundred years later, a brave prince hacks through the briar rose hedge surrounding the sleeping palace, awakens Briar-Rose with a kiss, and they live happily ever after.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help regulate emotions and stress levels.
The document provides pronunciation lessons and tips for pronouncing words ending in certain suffixes like "-fully", "-cial", "-ssion", and "-tion" with the correct vowel sounds. It gives examples of words with these suffixes and their phonetic transcriptions. It also provides lessons on spoken English skills like expressing likes and dislikes, using smart expressions involving verbs like "give", and using expressions involving location words like "there is/are". The document is aimed at improving pronunciation and spoken English skills.
English grammar-for-beginners-130122001217-phpapp01Nita Adiyati
The document provides rules for spelling and verb conjugation in English grammar. It lists common English verbs and their forms in the simple present, past, and past participle tenses. Examples of verbs and their inflected forms are grouped according to spelling rules. The document also discusses the uses and formation of English verb tenses including the simple present, present continuous, present perfect, and others. Multiple choice questions related to verb usage in the simple present tense are provided at the end.
The document provides rules for spelling and verb conjugation in English grammar. It lists common English verbs and their forms in the simple present, past, and past participle tenses. Examples of verbs and their inflected forms are grouped according to spelling rules. The document also discusses the uses and formation of English verb tenses including the simple present, present continuous, present perfect, and others. Multiple choice questions related to verb usage in the simple present tense are provided at the end.
The document presents expressions that are commonly used in real spoken English among native speakers, especially teenagers, to help students learn more natural language. It organizes expressions into categories like greetings, agreeing, disagreeing, playing, and more. The purpose is to expose students to language beyond formal textbooks and help them sound more natural when speaking with natives. Teachers should incorporate these expressions regardless of students' level to better prepare them for real communication situations.
This document provides examples of expressing various emotions and qualities through language. It includes sections on expressing happiness, sadness, gratitude, anger, and more. Discussion questions are also provided to prompt conversation around different feelings and experiences. Vocabulary words are given for emotions like thrilled, delighted, miserable, heartbroken, and appreciative. Phrases for saying thank you or apologizing are listed as well. The document aims to expand one's emotional vocabulary.
The document discusses idioms, which are phrases that mean something other than their literal meaning. Some examples of idioms provided are "it's raining cats and dogs" meaning it's raining very hard, and "skeletons in your closet" meaning secrets. The document explains common idioms and their real meanings, provides examples of idioms involving food, and tests the reader's understanding with sentences using idioms.
No texto, o verbo "to be" está sendo usado para indicar localização, e não estado ou existência.
Quando diz "I wasn’t at home last night" significa que eu não estava no meu lar na noite passada.
Quando diz "my parents were" significa que meus pais estavam em casa na noite passada.
Portanto, neste contexto, "to be" está sendo usado para indicar localização - onde as pessoas estavam na noite passada.
The document provides information about the present perfect and simple past tenses in English. It notes that the present perfect connects an action in the past to the present, while the simple past situates an action solely in the past. Examples are given of each tense. The document also discusses using adjectives and adverbs, how to form adverbs from adjectives, and examples of common adverbs. It provides exercises for learners to practice using verbs in the correct tense.
The document provides guidance on neutralizing one's accent when speaking English. It recommends dropping the tune of one's native language and listening to newsreaders as ways to start neutralizing. Additional tips include using a dictionary to learn phonetic pronunciations, focusing on diction and articulation, and practicing vowel and consonant sounds that are unfamiliar to Filipino speakers. Regular practice listening to native English and putting the techniques into use are emphasized as ways to effectively learn a more neutral accent over time.
This document provides information about different grammatical structures used to discuss the future in English, including future simple, be going to, present continuous, and present simple. It defines each structure and provides examples of their typical usages. Key points covered include using future simple for on-the-spot decisions and promises, be going to for plans and predictions based on present evidence, present continuous for pre-arranged future events, and present simple for timetables and schedules. The document concludes with exercises for students to practice using these future tense forms.
The document discusses various idioms related to colors. It provides examples of common idiomatic phrases involving colors like "the black sheep," "the pot calling the kettle black," and "in black and white." It then presents exercises for learners to match idioms with their meanings based on short contexts. These include filling in blanks in sentences with appropriate color idioms and translating idioms between English and Spanish. The document aims to help learners expand their knowledge of idiomatic expressions involving different colors.
This document provides examples and explanations of grammatical structures in English including fronting, inversion, conditional sentences, wishes, and regrets. It discusses transforming statements from active to passive voice and different tenses used in conditional sentences. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like inversion, fronting, backshifting, and transforming wishes and regrets. Vocabulary words are also defined.
This document provides a summary of an English improvement guide for aptitude tests by Dr. T.K. Jain. It recommends developing skills like language ability and analytical skills through constant practice over time in a positive spirit. It also encourages spreading knowledge and social entrepreneurship ideas to help people.
The document discusses the difference between adjectives ending in "-ed" and "-ing". Adjectives ending in "-ed" describe one's own feelings, while adjectives ending in "-ing" describe something or someone that causes those feelings. It provides examples of sentences using adjectives like "bored", "boring", "interested", "interesting" correctly. It then has a short quiz to test understanding of when to use "-ed" vs. "-ing" adjectives in sentences.
This document discusses English verb tenses and their uses. It outlines the simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous tenses in the past, present, and future. The simple tense is used to indicate completed past actions or present habits. The continuous tense indicates uncompleted or ongoing actions. The perfect tense signifies completed past actions, and the perfect continuous tense refers to ongoing past actions that began before and continued up until another time. Examples are provided for each tense and its typical uses.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document provides a detailed overview of English verb tenses, including the tense name, common signal words used with each tense, the verb forms for affirmative, negative and interrogative examples, and typical uses of each tense. It covers 12 tenses - simple present, present continuous, simple past, past continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, simple past perfect, past perfect continuous, future, future continuous, future perfect, and future perfect continuous. Examples are provided to illustrate the verb forms for each tense. Conditional and passive voice tenses are also briefly addressed.
The story describes the fairy tale of Sleeping Beauty. At her christening, a spiteful fairy curses the infant princess Briar-Rose to prick her finger on a spindle and die on her 15th birthday. A kind fairy modifies the curse so that the princess will instead fall into a deep sleep for 100 years. On her 15th birthday, Briar-Rose finds an old woman spinning and pricks her finger, falling into a deep sleep along with the entire kingdom. A hundred years later, a brave prince hacks through the briar rose hedge surrounding the sleeping palace, awakens Briar-Rose with a kiss, and they live happily ever after.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help regulate emotions and stress levels.
The document provides pronunciation lessons and tips for pronouncing words ending in certain suffixes like "-fully", "-cial", "-ssion", and "-tion" with the correct vowel sounds. It gives examples of words with these suffixes and their phonetic transcriptions. It also provides lessons on spoken English skills like expressing likes and dislikes, using smart expressions involving verbs like "give", and using expressions involving location words like "there is/are". The document is aimed at improving pronunciation and spoken English skills.
English grammar-for-beginners-130122001217-phpapp01Nita Adiyati
The document provides rules for spelling and verb conjugation in English grammar. It lists common English verbs and their forms in the simple present, past, and past participle tenses. Examples of verbs and their inflected forms are grouped according to spelling rules. The document also discusses the uses and formation of English verb tenses including the simple present, present continuous, present perfect, and others. Multiple choice questions related to verb usage in the simple present tense are provided at the end.
The document provides rules for spelling and verb conjugation in English grammar. It lists common English verbs and their forms in the simple present, past, and past participle tenses. Examples of verbs and their inflected forms are grouped according to spelling rules. The document also discusses the uses and formation of English verb tenses including the simple present, present continuous, present perfect, and others. Multiple choice questions related to verb usage in the simple present tense are provided at the end.
The document presents expressions that are commonly used in real spoken English among native speakers, especially teenagers, to help students learn more natural language. It organizes expressions into categories like greetings, agreeing, disagreeing, playing, and more. The purpose is to expose students to language beyond formal textbooks and help them sound more natural when speaking with natives. Teachers should incorporate these expressions regardless of students' level to better prepare them for real communication situations.
This document provides examples of expressing various emotions and qualities through language. It includes sections on expressing happiness, sadness, gratitude, anger, and more. Discussion questions are also provided to prompt conversation around different feelings and experiences. Vocabulary words are given for emotions like thrilled, delighted, miserable, heartbroken, and appreciative. Phrases for saying thank you or apologizing are listed as well. The document aims to expand one's emotional vocabulary.
The document discusses idioms, which are phrases that mean something other than their literal meaning. Some examples of idioms provided are "it's raining cats and dogs" meaning it's raining very hard, and "skeletons in your closet" meaning secrets. The document explains common idioms and their real meanings, provides examples of idioms involving food, and tests the reader's understanding with sentences using idioms.
No texto, o verbo "to be" está sendo usado para indicar localização, e não estado ou existência.
Quando diz "I wasn’t at home last night" significa que eu não estava no meu lar na noite passada.
Quando diz "my parents were" significa que meus pais estavam em casa na noite passada.
Portanto, neste contexto, "to be" está sendo usado para indicar localização - onde as pessoas estavam na noite passada.
The document provides information about the present perfect and simple past tenses in English. It notes that the present perfect connects an action in the past to the present, while the simple past situates an action solely in the past. Examples are given of each tense. The document also discusses using adjectives and adverbs, how to form adverbs from adjectives, and examples of common adverbs. It provides exercises for learners to practice using verbs in the correct tense.
The document provides guidance on neutralizing one's accent when speaking English. It recommends dropping the tune of one's native language and listening to newsreaders as ways to start neutralizing. Additional tips include using a dictionary to learn phonetic pronunciations, focusing on diction and articulation, and practicing vowel and consonant sounds that are unfamiliar to Filipino speakers. Regular practice listening to native English and putting the techniques into use are emphasized as ways to effectively learn a more neutral accent over time.
This document provides information about different grammatical structures used to discuss the future in English, including future simple, be going to, present continuous, and present simple. It defines each structure and provides examples of their typical usages. Key points covered include using future simple for on-the-spot decisions and promises, be going to for plans and predictions based on present evidence, present continuous for pre-arranged future events, and present simple for timetables and schedules. The document concludes with exercises for students to practice using these future tense forms.
The document discusses various idioms related to colors. It provides examples of common idiomatic phrases involving colors like "the black sheep," "the pot calling the kettle black," and "in black and white." It then presents exercises for learners to match idioms with their meanings based on short contexts. These include filling in blanks in sentences with appropriate color idioms and translating idioms between English and Spanish. The document aims to help learners expand their knowledge of idiomatic expressions involving different colors.
This document provides examples and explanations of grammatical structures in English including fronting, inversion, conditional sentences, wishes, and regrets. It discusses transforming statements from active to passive voice and different tenses used in conditional sentences. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like inversion, fronting, backshifting, and transforming wishes and regrets. Vocabulary words are also defined.
This document provides a summary of an English improvement guide for aptitude tests by Dr. T.K. Jain. It recommends developing skills like language ability and analytical skills through constant practice over time in a positive spirit. It also encourages spreading knowledge and social entrepreneurship ideas to help people.
The document discusses the difference between adjectives ending in "-ed" and "-ing". Adjectives ending in "-ed" describe one's own feelings, while adjectives ending in "-ing" describe something or someone that causes those feelings. It provides examples of sentences using adjectives like "bored", "boring", "interested", "interesting" correctly. It then has a short quiz to test understanding of when to use "-ed" vs. "-ing" adjectives in sentences.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
1. 1
IDIOMS
ASAP........................................................................................................................................................ 2
Blow a fuse............................................................................................................................................... 2
Bored to tears ..........................................................................................................................................2
Break outin a cold sweat.......................................................................................................................... 3
Can't believe myeyes ............................................................................................................................... 3
Cost an arm and a leg................................................................................................................................ 3
Cut it out!................................................................................................................................................ 4
Drives me crazy........................................................................................................................................4
Eat a horse............................................................................................................................................... 4
Frog in my throat......................................................................................................................................5
Green thumb............................................................................................................................................ 5
Hang in there ........................................................................................................................................... 5
Happy-go-lucky.........................................................................................................................................5
Holy cow.................................................................................................................................................. 6
In the red................................................................................................................................................. 6
Music to my ears......................................................................................................................................6
Pass with flying colours............................................................................................................................. 6
Run down................................................................................................................................................. 7
See eye toeye..........................................................................................................................................7
2. 2
ASAP
Some more examples:
(A) Mr. Smith,I want the new sales report finished ASAP!
(B) Yes sir.
- That cut looks very serious! You should go see a doctor ASAP!
- My class starts soon. I need to do my homework ASAP.
Similar meaning:
immediately; promptly; right away; straight
away; urgently; without delay
Opposite meaning:
eventually; later
Blow a fuse
Some more examples:
(A) What happened when you told Mr. Perkins the bad news?
(B) He blew a fuse.
- If I go home really late, my Dad will blow a fuse.
- Calm down! You don't have to blow a fuse! We can fix the problem.
Similar meaning:
to become: enraged; furious; outraged; very
angry
Opposite meaning:
to be: calm; relaxed
Bored to tears
Some more examples:
(A) What's wrong? You don't look very happy.
(B) My computer and my cell phone are both broken, so I don't have anything to do. I'm bored to
tears.
His new professor bores him to tears!
I hate long flights! They bore me to tears.
They always find something to do when they're bored to tears
Similar meaning to 'boring':
dull, tiring
Opposite meaning to 'bored':
energized, enthusiastic, excited, interested
3. 3
Break out in a cold sweat
(A) How did you feel on your wedding day? (B) I broke out in a cold sweat!
Some people get really nervous before an exam and break out in a cold sweat.
I was going to ask my boss for a raise, but I just couldn't do it. I broke out in a cold sweat and ran
away!
Similar meaning:
to become: apprehensive; nervous; scared;
timid; uneasy; worried
Opposite meaning:
to be: brave; calm; confident; courageous;
fearless; unafraid
Can't believe my eyes
(A) What do you think about the new sports car I bought?
(B) It's amazing! I can't believe my eyes!
- I can't believe my eyes! This hotel room is terrible!
- I couldn't believe my eyes when I saw the UFO land in my back yard!
Similar meaning:
amazing; wonderful; shocking; stunning;
surprising; unexpected
Opposite meaning:
boring; expected; nothing special; ordinary
Cost an arm and a leg
(A) I like your new home. Was it expensive? (B) Yes ... it cost an arm and a leg!
- Airplane tickets nowadays cost an arm and a leg!
- A meal at that restaurant will cost you an arm and a leg.
Similar meaning:
costly; expensive; pricey; overpriced
Opposite meaning:
affordable; cheap; economical; low-priced
4. 4
Cut it out!
(A) Stop teasing me! Cut it out! (B) Sorry.
Why do you always arrive 5 minutes late?
Cut it out!
You shouldn't do that! Cut it out, or I'll tell Mom!
Similar meaning:
finish (doing something); put a stop to (doing
something); stop (doing something)
Opposite meaning:
begin (doing something); continue (doing
something); start (doing something)
Drives me crazy
(A) Your little brother is very noisy! (B) I know! He drives me crazy sometimes!
Let's go inside. These flies are starting to drive me crazy!
All of these exams are driving me crazy! I need a holiday!
Similar meaning:
annoying; discouraging; distressing;
irritating; troubling; unpleasant; upsetting
Opposite meaning:
calming; comforting; encouraging; pleasant;
relaxing
Eat a horse
Some more examples:
(A) Are you hungry? (B) Are you kidding? I'm so hungry I could eat
a horse!
- I didn't have time to eat breakfast. Now, I'm so hungry I could eat a horse!
- The food on the menu looks great! And I'm so hungry I could eat a horse!
Similar meaning:
hungry; famished; starving
Opposite meaning:
full; stuffed
5. 5
Frog in my throat
(A) Are you okay? (B) I'm alright ... I just have a frog in my throat.
Excuse me. I have a frog in my throat.
It sounds like you have a frog in your throat. I'll get you a cup of water!
Similar meaning:
a slight cough; a temporary hoarseness; a
tickle in my throat; unable to speak clearly
Opposite meaning:
a clear voice; speak clearly
Green thumb
(A) Do you know how to take care of plants? (B) Of course I do! I've got a green thumb!
My sister can grow anything! She's got a green thumb.
I couldn't get any of my flowers to grow well. But my friend John could. I guess he just has a
green thumb.
Similar meaning:
skilled at gardening
Opposite meaning:
brown thumb
Hang in there
(A) My boss just fired me! (B) Hang in there! I know you can find
another job.
If you want to be the best, you have to hang in there and not give up!
I give up! I can't hang in there any longer.
Similar meaning:
fight; hold out; stand up to; withstand
Opposite meaning:
admit defeat; give up; submit
Happy-go-lucky
(A) What kind of person is he? (B) He's a very happy-go-lucky person.
I like Thomas because he's very happy-go-lucky. Kids are often like that.
You should stop being so happy-go-lucky and start thinking more about your future!
Similar meaning:
carefree, casual, easygoing, laid-back, lighthearted,
nonchalant, untroubled, unworried
Opposite meaning:
discontented, dissatisfied, distressed, stressed,
troubled, worried, upset
6. 6
Holy cow
(A) Luke Skywalker ... I'm your father! (B) Holy cow!
Holy cow! Look at that giant spider!
Holy cow! It's snowing ... in August!
Similar meaning:
I can't believe it!; Oh, wow!; That's amazing!;
That's incredible!; That's shocking!; That's
unbelievable!
Opposite meaning:
believable; ordinary; plausible
In the red
(A) How's your company doing? (B) Terrible! It's in the red!
Don't invest your money in that company ... it's in the red.
Last year my business was in the red, but now it's in the black.
Similar meaning:
in debt; owe money
Opposite meaning:
in the black; profitable
Music to my ears
(A) Would you like more apple pie? (B) Okay! That's music to my ears!
My teacher told me that I passed the exam. That was music to my ears!
Mom says that I can stay up late to watch the movie. That's music to my ears!
Similar meaning:
good news; wonderful news
Opposite meaning:
bad news; terrible news
Pass with flying colours
(A) How did you do on the test? (B) Great! I passed with flying colors!
I failed my last exam, but this time I passed with flying colors!
I hope you pass with flying colors on your final exam!
Similar meaning:
to: be successful; be outstanding; do great;
get high grades
Opposite meaning:
to: do poorly; do terribly; fail; flop
7. 7
Run down
(A) You look like you need a holiday. (B) Yes ... I am starting to feel a little run
down, lately.
Make sure you get enough rest and healthy food. Don't let yourself get run down.
Last month I was tired and run down, but now I feel a lot better.
Similar meaning:
exhausted; tired; weak; weary; worn out
Opposite meaning:
active; energized; strong
See eye to eye
(A) Are you and Sarah still arguing about what color to paint the living room?
(B) No, now we see eye to eye.
My friend and I see eye to eye on many issues.
Unfortunately, we don't see eye to eye on many things.
Similar meaning:
agree; be of the same mind; concur
Opposite meaning:
disagree; oppose