The document discusses the importance of cohesive devices in writing, emphasizing their role in ensuring clarity and flow between ideas, sentences, and paragraphs. It outlines various types of cohesive devices such as conjunctions, adverbials, repetition, and transitional expressions, explaining how they contribute to coherence. Additionally, it includes exercises for practice on identifying and using cohesive devices effectively.

1. COHESIVE DEVICES
INTRODUCTION

3. 1.Writing
2.Essay
3.Grammar
4.Spelling
5.Punctuation
6.Capitalization
7.Organization
8.Result
9.Addition
10.Cohesive device
11.Cohesion
12.Transition
13.Comparison
14.Example
15.sequencing

4. WHAT DO
YOU
THINK
ABOUT
WRITING?

5. writing is .....
FUN
DIFFICUL
T
CONFUSIN
G
EASY
ADDICTIVE
BORING
BORING
IMPORTAN
T
CHALLENGING
INTERESTIN
G

6. COMMON PROBLEM IN WRITING???
•Grammar
•Spelling
•Punctuation
•Capitalization
•Organization
•..................................

7. What do you think about this
paragraph?
I like banana. Banana is sweet.
My parents usually buy it. They
buy it at the nearest market. My
sister does not like it. She likes
Apple. Apple is more expensive.
1

8. What do you think about this
paragraph?
I have two younger brothers. They are
Andrew and Jonathan. They have different
hobbies however they live in the same
house. Andrew likes to play music but he
has become the champion for many music
competitions. Finally, Jonathan dislikes to
play music. Jonathan’s hobby is swimming
or he goes swimming every weekend.
2

9. •Paragraph 1 is grammatically
correct but it sounds boring.
•Paragraph 2 contains
inappropriate connection
words.

10. CONCLUSION
We need to put correct
COHESIVE DEVICES to connect
our ideas in a paragraph/essay.

11. IDENTIFYING AND
USING COHESIVE
DEVICES

12. WHAT ARE COHESIVE DEVICES?
Cohesive devices are words and
phrases that connect ideas.
Some people call them transition
signals or discourse markers.

13. WHY DO WE PUT COHESIVE
DEVICES?
Cohesive devices:
tell the reader what we are doing in a
sentence and help to guide them
through our writing.
signal to the reader what the
relationships are between the different
clauses, sentences and paragraphs.

14. WHEN DO WE NEED TO PUT A COHESIVE DEVISE?
• Make additional information
• Make exemplification
• Make sequencing
• Show result
• Make comparison
• Make contrast
• Show qualifying
• Do reformulation
• Give highlight
• Make transition

39. Cohesive devices
Cohesive devices are like road signs.
They keep the text running smoothly, making it clear which direction to
follow and how different parts are linked.
Some are used to create cohesion within paragraphs and some are used
to create cohesion between paragraphs.
Determiners and Pronouns
Conjunctions
Ellipsis
Adverbials
Repetition

40. Cohesive devices – Conjunctions
Conjunctions can be used as cohesive devices.
Conjunctions link clauses.
The links create cohesion by joining clauses and explaining how they are joined.
Conjunctions can give meaning to the links, to do with…
time place cause condition contrast
when
while
since
as
before
where
wherever
because
so
for
since
if
unless
even if
although
though
whereas
while

41. Cohesive devices – Conjunctions
Whereas a typical school may have 30 children in Year 6 to choose
from, Green Vale must select its team from across KS2 in order to
have enough players.
With conjunctions, a text has more cohesion.
The conjunction creates cohesion by making one sentence. It shows that the first
(subordinate) clause gives additional meaning to the second (main) clause.

42. Cohesive devices -
­
‐
Adverbials
An adverbial modifies a verb or a
clause.
Adverbials can be
a word,
a phrase,
or a clause,
firstly
on initial inspection
when playing other teams When?
Where?
…answering questions
such as,
In what order?
How?

43. Cohesive devices -
­
‐
Adverbials
Adverbials can be used as cohesive devices
On initial inspection, Green Cale’s football pitch is unsuitable for practice.
For the last five years, this village school football team has come top of the
Small Schools’ League.
When?
These adverbials make the ‘setting’ of the paragraphs clear, right from the start.

44. Coherence
is achieved when sentences and ideas are
connected and flow together smoothly.
Coherence allows the reader to move easily throughout the
essay from one idea to the next, from one sentence to the
next, and from one paragraph to the next.
An essay without coherence can inhibit a reader’s
ability to understand the ideas and main points of the
essay.

45. Coherence
Use Repetition to Link Ideas, Sentences, and
Paragraphs
Repeating key words or phrases helps connect
and focus idea(s) throughout the essay.
Repetition also helps the reader remain
focused and headed in the right direction.

46. Example
Example:
Most students are intimidated by the works of
William Shakespeare. They
believe Shakespeare’s sonnets and plays are
far to complicated to read and
understand.

47. Coherence
Use Transitional Expressions to Link Ideas,
Sentences, and Paragraphs
Transitional expressions, such as however, because,
therefore, and in addition, are used to
establish relationships between ideas, sentences,
and paragraphs. They serve as signals to let
the reader know the previous idea, sentence, or
paragraph is connected to what follows.

48. Example
Example:
Many students believe they cannot write a good
essay because they are not writers. However, as
they practice writing and work on developing their
writing skills, most students are able to gain the
needed confidence to start thinking of themselves
writers.

49. Coherence
Use Pronouns to Link Sentences
Pronouns are used to link or connect
sentences by referring to preceding nouns
and pronouns. Pronouns can also help create
paragraphs that are easy to read by
eliminating wordiness and unnecessary
repetition.

50. Example
Example:
Mr. Thompson agreed to meet with
members of the worker’s union before he
signed the contract. He was interested in
hearing their concerns about the new
insurance plan.

51. Coherence
Use Synonyms to Link Ideas and Create
Variety
Synonyms are words that have the same or
nearly the same meaning as another word.
They provide alternative word choices that
can add variety to an essay and can help
eliminate unnecessary repetition.

52. Example
Example:
Teenagers face an enormous amount of
peer pressure from friends and
schoolmates. As a result, many young
adults are exhibiting signs of severe
stress or depression at an early age.

53. Coherence
Use Parallel Structures to Link Ideas,
Sentences, and Paragraphs
Parallelism is the use of matching words, phrases,
clauses, or sentence structures to express similar ideas.
Parallel structures allow the reader to flow smoothly
from one idea, sentence, or paragraph to the next and
to understand the relationships and connections
between ideas.

54. Example
Example:
Usually, the children spend the summer
weekends playing ball in park,
swimming in the neighbor’s pool, eating
ice cream under the tree, or
camping in the backyard.

55. LET’S PRACTICE !

56. Practice 1.
Color the cohesive devices used in the following paragraph.
I personally believe that libraries are among humanity’s most
important institutions for several reasons.
Firstly, most of humanity’s collective knowledge is stored in
libraries. Secondly, libraries protect and preserve this
knowledge. They also classify or group the materials into
logical and easily available divisions. Furthermore, libraries
make the materials available to everyone and even provide
librarians to help us find what we need. Finally, libraries are
our link to the past and our gift to the future.
In conclusion, libraries are important institutions for
humanity.

57. Practice 2.
Combine the sentences below using correct cohesive devices.
1. My brother hates playing badminton. My sister likes
playing badminton.
2. My uncle will visit us next week. He will bring a basket of
apple.
3. Her cat died yesterday. That’s why she is sad now.
4. The children keep playing football. Their parents do not
allow them to play football.
5. Henry’s rabbits look happy. Henry takes care of the rabbits
very well.

58. Practice 3.
Make TWO sentences using correct cohesive
devices .
• Make additional information
• Make exemplification
• Make sequencing
• Show result
• Make comparison
• Make contrast
• Show qualifying
• Do reformulation
• Give highlight
• Make transition

59. Practice 1.
Color the cohesive devices used in the following paragraph.
I personally believe that libraries are among humanity’s most
important institutions for several reasons.
Firstly, most of humanity’s collective knowledge is stored in
libraries. Secondly, libraries protect and preserve this
knowledge. They also classify or group the materials into
logical and easily available divisions. Furthermore, libraries
make the materials available to everyone and even provide
librarians to help us find what we need. Finally, libraries are
our link to the past and our gift to the future.
In conclusion, libraries are important institutions for
humanity.

60. Practice 2.
Combine the sentences below using correct cohesive
devices.
1. My brother hates playing badminton but my sister likes
playing it.
2. My uncle will visit us next week and he will bring a basket
of apple.
3. Her cat died yesterday so/therefore, she is sad now.
4. The children keep playing football even though/although
heir parents do not allow them to play football.
5. Henry’s rabbits look happy because Henry takes care of the
rabbits very well.

61. References
• Beaumont, J. 2006. North Star: Building Skills for the TOEFL Ibt. New Yor
k: Pearson
• https://www.thoughtco.com/cohesion-exercise-combining-sentences-16
92189
• https://www.ieltsadvantage.com/2015/08/12/cohesive-devices/
• https://freeenglishcourse.info/12-contoh-analytical-exposition-terbaik-b
ahasa-inggris/