This document summarizes a study examining the influence of neighbourhood characteristics on individual fear of crime. The study uses a multi-level model to account for the nested nature of individuals within neighbourhoods. Neighbourhoods are defined using Middle Super Output Areas from census data. Factorial ecology is used to characterize neighbourhood differences across multiple social structural variables, which are then included in the model. The model also considers "spillover effects" by including crime and disorder measures from surrounding neighbourhoods. This approach aims to address limitations of previous studies that did not fully capture neighbourhood definitions or spillover influences.
This document discusses various systemic issues within the Canadian criminal justice system that can contribute to wrongful convictions, including tunnel vision, pressure on police to secure convictions, unreliable eyewitness identification, false confessions obtained through coercion, inadequate defense for marginalized groups, and the use of junk science and informants. It provides examples of wrongful conviction cases like Donald Marshall Jr. and Guy Paul Morin to illustrate these problems. The document argues that wrongful convictions harm not only the innocent person convicted but their families, communities, and faith in the justice system. It also mentions the Association in Defense of the Wrongly Convicted, which works to prevent and address wrongful convictions in Canada.
- Crime rates have been dropping and the economy is booming, yet fear of crime remains a major concern that is exploited for political purposes. Politicians push tough-on-crime policies to appeal to voters' fears despite declining crime.
- Budget cuts to social programs have reduced the safety net for the poor and increased homelessness, pushing some youth into crime out of necessity. At the same time, political efforts criminalize poverty and homelessness.
- Crime is sensationalized by media and politicians to foster demand for harsher laws and policies, even when existing laws could address problems. This "moral panic" is used to pass legislation that primarily serves political rather than practical goals.
The document discusses the politics of crime and the emergence of new "moral panics". It argues that while crime rates are dropping, fear of crime is being deliberately fostered and marketed for political gain. Politicians demonize certain groups, like homeless youth, to garner support and pass tough-on-crime laws that have little real impact but satisfy perceptions of wanting more safety and control. The document also summarizes a court case where medical use of marijuana was found to be a constitutionally protected choice.
Marta Murria: Anti-social behaviors and perceived security in catalan victimi...marginproject
The document summarizes findings from the Victimization Survey of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona regarding perceived security and anti-social behaviors. It finds that for the first time, metropolitan cities are perceived as safer than neighborhoods. Neighborhood insecurity is increasing, associated with deteriorating community relations and conflicts over issues like noise, traffic, and squatters. Those with past crime or conflict experiences report higher insecurity. Future challenges include understanding sources of perceived insecurity and promoting conviviality over exclusion and regulation.
David Buil and Angelo Moretti: Small area estimation of worry about crime at ...marginproject
This document summarizes research using small area estimation techniques to map levels of worry about crime across regions in Europe. Small area estimation was used to indirectly estimate worry about crime for regions with small sample sizes by borrowing strength from related regions and auxiliary variables. Models were developed to estimate worry about home burglary and violent crime for NUTS-2 regions across multiple European countries. The estimates produced with small area estimation techniques were found to be more reliable than direct estimates from survey samples alone. Future work could involve mapping categorical measures of worry, estimates for specific countries, and exploring extensions to the small area estimation models.
Beyond Transition- Towards Inclusive Societies (Regional Human Development Re...UNDP Eurasia
The report analyzes social exclusion in countries in the region since 1991 using a multidimensional approach. It develops a methodology to measure social exclusion based on deprivations across economic, social services, and participation dimensions. The report finds that individual characteristics like age, education level, employment status, and where one lives impact social exclusion status. Factors like governance, labor markets, values, and local context like location in a mono-company town also drive exclusion. The report concludes transition to a market economy left some behind and reforms have not always improved lives. Comprehensive policies are needed to address individual vulnerabilities and institutional drivers to break the social exclusion chain. UNDP can help generate and implement projectable regional ideas to promote social inclusion.
This document discusses various systemic issues within the Canadian criminal justice system that can contribute to wrongful convictions, including tunnel vision, pressure on police to secure convictions, unreliable eyewitness identification, false confessions obtained through coercion, inadequate defense for marginalized groups, and the use of junk science and informants. It provides examples of wrongful conviction cases like Donald Marshall Jr. and Guy Paul Morin to illustrate these problems. The document argues that wrongful convictions harm not only the innocent person convicted but their families, communities, and faith in the justice system. It also mentions the Association in Defense of the Wrongly Convicted, which works to prevent and address wrongful convictions in Canada.
- Crime rates have been dropping and the economy is booming, yet fear of crime remains a major concern that is exploited for political purposes. Politicians push tough-on-crime policies to appeal to voters' fears despite declining crime.
- Budget cuts to social programs have reduced the safety net for the poor and increased homelessness, pushing some youth into crime out of necessity. At the same time, political efforts criminalize poverty and homelessness.
- Crime is sensationalized by media and politicians to foster demand for harsher laws and policies, even when existing laws could address problems. This "moral panic" is used to pass legislation that primarily serves political rather than practical goals.
The document discusses the politics of crime and the emergence of new "moral panics". It argues that while crime rates are dropping, fear of crime is being deliberately fostered and marketed for political gain. Politicians demonize certain groups, like homeless youth, to garner support and pass tough-on-crime laws that have little real impact but satisfy perceptions of wanting more safety and control. The document also summarizes a court case where medical use of marijuana was found to be a constitutionally protected choice.
Marta Murria: Anti-social behaviors and perceived security in catalan victimi...marginproject
The document summarizes findings from the Victimization Survey of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona regarding perceived security and anti-social behaviors. It finds that for the first time, metropolitan cities are perceived as safer than neighborhoods. Neighborhood insecurity is increasing, associated with deteriorating community relations and conflicts over issues like noise, traffic, and squatters. Those with past crime or conflict experiences report higher insecurity. Future challenges include understanding sources of perceived insecurity and promoting conviviality over exclusion and regulation.
David Buil and Angelo Moretti: Small area estimation of worry about crime at ...marginproject
This document summarizes research using small area estimation techniques to map levels of worry about crime across regions in Europe. Small area estimation was used to indirectly estimate worry about crime for regions with small sample sizes by borrowing strength from related regions and auxiliary variables. Models were developed to estimate worry about home burglary and violent crime for NUTS-2 regions across multiple European countries. The estimates produced with small area estimation techniques were found to be more reliable than direct estimates from survey samples alone. Future work could involve mapping categorical measures of worry, estimates for specific countries, and exploring extensions to the small area estimation models.
Beyond Transition- Towards Inclusive Societies (Regional Human Development Re...UNDP Eurasia
The report analyzes social exclusion in countries in the region since 1991 using a multidimensional approach. It develops a methodology to measure social exclusion based on deprivations across economic, social services, and participation dimensions. The report finds that individual characteristics like age, education level, employment status, and where one lives impact social exclusion status. Factors like governance, labor markets, values, and local context like location in a mono-company town also drive exclusion. The report concludes transition to a market economy left some behind and reforms have not always improved lives. Comprehensive policies are needed to address individual vulnerabilities and institutional drivers to break the social exclusion chain. UNDP can help generate and implement projectable regional ideas to promote social inclusion.
Beyond Transition- Towards Inclusive Societes (Regional Human Development Rep...denisapapayova
The report analyzes social exclusion in countries in the region since 1991 using a multidimensional approach. It develops a methodology to measure social exclusion based on deprivations across economic, social services, and participation dimensions. The report finds that individual characteristics like age, education level, employment status, and where people live impact social exclusion levels. Factors like governance, labor markets, values, and local context like location in a mono-company town also drive exclusion. The report concludes transition to a market economy left some behind and reforms have not always improved lives. It recommends a comprehensive, preventative approach targeting individual vulnerabilities and institutional drivers to break the social exclusion chain.
Urban Produce Gardens and Maintenance of Nearby Parcels:
Allison M. Krusky, MPH, RD
Justin E. Heinze, PhD
Thomas M. Reischl, PhD
Sophie M. Aiyer, PhD
Susan Franzen, MS
Marc A. Zimmerman, PhD
How can we create organizations and governments that are cooperative, productive, and creative? These questions are especially important right now, because of global competition, environmental challenges, and government failure. The engine that drives this possible revolution is big data: the newly ubiquitous digital data that is becoming available about all aspects of human life. By using these data to build a predictive, computational theory of human behavior we can hope to engineer better social systems. In this talk we will show how to improve companies, cities and societies through a deep understanding of human behaviors and targeted interventions that leverage human connections.
Describes findings of a paper on scenario planning and a holistic approach to studying social-ecological systems; study to be published in Ecology & Society
Written by
Susan L. Cutter, University of South
Carolina ; Bryan J. Boruff , University of South Carolina ;
W . Lynn Shirley, University of South Carolina
This presentation is part of the subject "Advanced theory of regional planning"
Insititute of Urban Innovation, Yokohama National University
The purpose is to understand and summarize articles of theory related to natural disasters.
Multidisciplinary Journal Supported by TETFund. The journals would publish papers covering a wide range of subjects in journal science, management science, educational, agricultural, architectural, accounting and finance, business administration, entrepreneurship, business education, all journals
This document summarizes a study examining the relationship between neighborhood disorder, individual lifestyle risk, and adolescent offending. The study found that (1) lifestyle risk positively affects offending levels, and (2) the effect of lifestyle risk on offending is stronger in neighborhoods with higher levels of disorder and crime. While individual characteristics are major contributors to offending, neighborhood crime levels and disorder should also be considered. Both individual- and neighborhood-level approaches are needed to effectively prevent crime.
The document summarizes a city council goal-setting retreat in Eugene, Oregon. On day three, the council selected 3-5 outcomes for each of their five goals: a safe community, sustainable development, fair financial resources, accessible culture/recreation, and effective government. For the safe community goal, the outcomes were to decrease property crime, increase safety downtown, improve police visibility/accessibility, and better police-community relations. For sustainable development, the outcomes were increased downtown development, decreased unemployment through strategic job creation, and support for small/local businesses.
This document discusses approaches to community-level crime prevention and reduction, including building and strengthening communities, renewing economic bases, and cultivating social cohesion. It also discusses hardening targets through design and increasing enforcement through problem-oriented and anticipatory policing. Community policing is discussed as an approach that emphasizes partnerships between police and communities to solve neighborhood problems and improve public safety. Issues in implementing community policing include challenges in organizational change and replacing traditional performance measures for police.
Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Crime in Annapolis CountyCOGS Presentations
This project analyzed the spatial distribution of property crime in Annapolis County, Nova Scotia in 2013. Property crime data from the RCMP was geocoded and mapped by community, season, time of day, and socioeconomic variables. Statistical analysis found correlations between crime and factors like lone parent households and population density. Hot spot analysis identified clusters of crime. The results can help the RCMP understand crime patterns and allocate resources more efficiently to reduce property crime. Limitations included geocoding accuracy and maintaining data confidentiality.
Gorazd Mesko: A project on local safety and security in slovenia (2016-2018)marginproject
This document summarizes a research project on safety and security in local communities in Slovenia from 2015-2018. The project analyzed legal issues, safety issues, solutions, institutions providing safety and security, and quality of life in local communities. A survey was conducted in Ljubljana that examined police procedural justice, effectiveness, cooperation, attitudes towards immigrants, social processes, and perception of crime and disorder. Preliminary analyses identified factors related to police, social cohesion, and criminal events. Local safety councils were discussed as a way to set evidence-based safety priorities and involve stakeholders. Further research opportunities were also outlined.
This document summarizes a study that examines perceived risk of victimization and avoidance behavior at both the individual and community levels. It introduces the theoretical background of how community characteristics like stability, informal social control, and crime/disorder can impact individuals. The study uses a large Belgian survey dataset to build hierarchical multilevel models to test whether community stability, low informal control, and higher crime/disorder are linked to higher perceived risk, avoidance behavior, and actual victimization, independent of individual characteristics. The results found community stability had independent contextual effects and helped explain differences in perceived risk, avoidance behavior, and crime/disorder between communities. The findings suggest the social context matters and community characteristics leave their mark on individuals above and beyond individual
This document summarizes a case study on the social analysis of an urban community called Judicial Colony. It discusses how urbanization has led to social disorganization and higher crime rates. To address crime issues in 2013, the Judicial Colony administration implemented a security plan including security gates, guards, meetings, lighting, and promoting social cohesion. The study examines residents' satisfaction with security measures and social cohesion through surveys. Results show most residents agree the measures increased safety and social cohesion, though females were slightly more neutral. The study aims to evaluate the security plan and social factors' impact on community satisfaction.
Workshop constructing social exclusion indexMihail Peleah
Mihail PeleahUNDP Bratislava / Istanbul Regional Center
Workshop at CRRC Methodological Conference on Measuring Social Inequality in the South Caucasus and its Neighborhood
Tbilisi, June 24, 2014
This document discusses various topics related to crime control, punishment, and victims. It covers situational crime prevention strategies, environmental crime prevention based on broken windows theory, social and community crime prevention strategies, and different perspectives on victimology including positivist and critical approaches. Key points addressed include evaluating different prevention strategies, their criticisms, emphasizing social conditions that lead to crime, and how victim status is socially constructed.
This document provides an overview of crime prevention basics and strategies. It examines the history of crime prevention from Sir Robert Peel establishing principles of policing in the 19th century to the evolution of proactive, community-focused approaches. The key aspects covered include defining crime prevention, the 10 action principles of prevention, benefits such as cost savings, understanding crime trends, and best practices for home, car, personal and cyber safety. The goal is to help participants understand crime prevention and how to stay safe in different settings.
The document discusses tackling anti-social behavior (ASB) through partnerships. It defines ASB and lists different types, including deliberate, non-deliberate, and environmental. It also lists various tools and powers that can be used to address ASB, such as tenancy restoration, restorative justice, and dispersal orders. Finally, it discusses how partners can help by providing victim support, targeting problem locations and offenders, and using closure notices and injunctions to improve environments and divert individuals from ASB.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Beyond Transition- Towards Inclusive Societes (Regional Human Development Rep...denisapapayova
The report analyzes social exclusion in countries in the region since 1991 using a multidimensional approach. It develops a methodology to measure social exclusion based on deprivations across economic, social services, and participation dimensions. The report finds that individual characteristics like age, education level, employment status, and where people live impact social exclusion levels. Factors like governance, labor markets, values, and local context like location in a mono-company town also drive exclusion. The report concludes transition to a market economy left some behind and reforms have not always improved lives. It recommends a comprehensive, preventative approach targeting individual vulnerabilities and institutional drivers to break the social exclusion chain.
Urban Produce Gardens and Maintenance of Nearby Parcels:
Allison M. Krusky, MPH, RD
Justin E. Heinze, PhD
Thomas M. Reischl, PhD
Sophie M. Aiyer, PhD
Susan Franzen, MS
Marc A. Zimmerman, PhD
How can we create organizations and governments that are cooperative, productive, and creative? These questions are especially important right now, because of global competition, environmental challenges, and government failure. The engine that drives this possible revolution is big data: the newly ubiquitous digital data that is becoming available about all aspects of human life. By using these data to build a predictive, computational theory of human behavior we can hope to engineer better social systems. In this talk we will show how to improve companies, cities and societies through a deep understanding of human behaviors and targeted interventions that leverage human connections.
Describes findings of a paper on scenario planning and a holistic approach to studying social-ecological systems; study to be published in Ecology & Society
Written by
Susan L. Cutter, University of South
Carolina ; Bryan J. Boruff , University of South Carolina ;
W . Lynn Shirley, University of South Carolina
This presentation is part of the subject "Advanced theory of regional planning"
Insititute of Urban Innovation, Yokohama National University
The purpose is to understand and summarize articles of theory related to natural disasters.
Multidisciplinary Journal Supported by TETFund. The journals would publish papers covering a wide range of subjects in journal science, management science, educational, agricultural, architectural, accounting and finance, business administration, entrepreneurship, business education, all journals
This document summarizes a study examining the relationship between neighborhood disorder, individual lifestyle risk, and adolescent offending. The study found that (1) lifestyle risk positively affects offending levels, and (2) the effect of lifestyle risk on offending is stronger in neighborhoods with higher levels of disorder and crime. While individual characteristics are major contributors to offending, neighborhood crime levels and disorder should also be considered. Both individual- and neighborhood-level approaches are needed to effectively prevent crime.
The document summarizes a city council goal-setting retreat in Eugene, Oregon. On day three, the council selected 3-5 outcomes for each of their five goals: a safe community, sustainable development, fair financial resources, accessible culture/recreation, and effective government. For the safe community goal, the outcomes were to decrease property crime, increase safety downtown, improve police visibility/accessibility, and better police-community relations. For sustainable development, the outcomes were increased downtown development, decreased unemployment through strategic job creation, and support for small/local businesses.
This document discusses approaches to community-level crime prevention and reduction, including building and strengthening communities, renewing economic bases, and cultivating social cohesion. It also discusses hardening targets through design and increasing enforcement through problem-oriented and anticipatory policing. Community policing is discussed as an approach that emphasizes partnerships between police and communities to solve neighborhood problems and improve public safety. Issues in implementing community policing include challenges in organizational change and replacing traditional performance measures for police.
Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Crime in Annapolis CountyCOGS Presentations
This project analyzed the spatial distribution of property crime in Annapolis County, Nova Scotia in 2013. Property crime data from the RCMP was geocoded and mapped by community, season, time of day, and socioeconomic variables. Statistical analysis found correlations between crime and factors like lone parent households and population density. Hot spot analysis identified clusters of crime. The results can help the RCMP understand crime patterns and allocate resources more efficiently to reduce property crime. Limitations included geocoding accuracy and maintaining data confidentiality.
Gorazd Mesko: A project on local safety and security in slovenia (2016-2018)marginproject
This document summarizes a research project on safety and security in local communities in Slovenia from 2015-2018. The project analyzed legal issues, safety issues, solutions, institutions providing safety and security, and quality of life in local communities. A survey was conducted in Ljubljana that examined police procedural justice, effectiveness, cooperation, attitudes towards immigrants, social processes, and perception of crime and disorder. Preliminary analyses identified factors related to police, social cohesion, and criminal events. Local safety councils were discussed as a way to set evidence-based safety priorities and involve stakeholders. Further research opportunities were also outlined.
This document summarizes a study that examines perceived risk of victimization and avoidance behavior at both the individual and community levels. It introduces the theoretical background of how community characteristics like stability, informal social control, and crime/disorder can impact individuals. The study uses a large Belgian survey dataset to build hierarchical multilevel models to test whether community stability, low informal control, and higher crime/disorder are linked to higher perceived risk, avoidance behavior, and actual victimization, independent of individual characteristics. The results found community stability had independent contextual effects and helped explain differences in perceived risk, avoidance behavior, and crime/disorder between communities. The findings suggest the social context matters and community characteristics leave their mark on individuals above and beyond individual
This document summarizes a case study on the social analysis of an urban community called Judicial Colony. It discusses how urbanization has led to social disorganization and higher crime rates. To address crime issues in 2013, the Judicial Colony administration implemented a security plan including security gates, guards, meetings, lighting, and promoting social cohesion. The study examines residents' satisfaction with security measures and social cohesion through surveys. Results show most residents agree the measures increased safety and social cohesion, though females were slightly more neutral. The study aims to evaluate the security plan and social factors' impact on community satisfaction.
Workshop constructing social exclusion indexMihail Peleah
Mihail PeleahUNDP Bratislava / Istanbul Regional Center
Workshop at CRRC Methodological Conference on Measuring Social Inequality in the South Caucasus and its Neighborhood
Tbilisi, June 24, 2014
This document discusses various topics related to crime control, punishment, and victims. It covers situational crime prevention strategies, environmental crime prevention based on broken windows theory, social and community crime prevention strategies, and different perspectives on victimology including positivist and critical approaches. Key points addressed include evaluating different prevention strategies, their criticisms, emphasizing social conditions that lead to crime, and how victim status is socially constructed.
This document provides an overview of crime prevention basics and strategies. It examines the history of crime prevention from Sir Robert Peel establishing principles of policing in the 19th century to the evolution of proactive, community-focused approaches. The key aspects covered include defining crime prevention, the 10 action principles of prevention, benefits such as cost savings, understanding crime trends, and best practices for home, car, personal and cyber safety. The goal is to help participants understand crime prevention and how to stay safe in different settings.
The document discusses tackling anti-social behavior (ASB) through partnerships. It defines ASB and lists different types, including deliberate, non-deliberate, and environmental. It also lists various tools and powers that can be used to address ASB, such as tenancy restoration, restorative justice, and dispersal orders. Finally, it discusses how partners can help by providing victim support, targeting problem locations and offenders, and using closure notices and injunctions to improve environments and divert individuals from ASB.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
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2. Motivation
Increasing interest in influence of neighbourhood
on crime and disorder (and public concerns)
Academic – social disorganisation; collective
efficacy, neighbourhood disorder, subcultural
diversity
Policy – community policing, safer
neighbourhoods, reassurance policing, CSOs
But limited understanding of ‘neighbourhood’
and methodological weaknesses 2
3. Our study
The role of neighbourhoods in shaping
individual fear
Key mechanisms, limitations of existing work
Detailed neighbourhood analysis
Defining neighbourhoods,
Composition and dependency
Spillover effects
3
4. 4
Fear of crime
Important component of subjective well-
being and community health
Frequently employed as performance target
for police/government
More important than crime itself?
Safer neighbourhoods scheme
Neighbourhood mechanisms shaping fear
Research inconclusive – ‘paradoxical’ nature of
fear
6. 6
1. Incidence of crime
For several reasons neighbourhoods experience
widely different levels of crime
If individuals respond rationally to objective risk,
expressed fear should be higher in areas where crime
is higher (Lewis and Maxfield, 1980)
But evidence for this relationship is surprisingly
thin/inconsistent
Limitations of existing evidence – spatial scale,
crime measure, metropolitan focus
7. 7
2. Visible signs of disorder
Hunter (1978) – low level disorder serves as
important symbol of victimization risk
Graffiti, litter, teenage gangs, drug-taking
Can be more important than actual incidence of
crime – visibility and scope
‘Broken windows’ theory (Wilson and Kelling
1982); Signal crimes (Innes, 2004)
Existing evidence relies on perception measures
to capture disorder
Systematic social observation finds no clear link
8. 8
3. Social-structural characteristics
Social disorganisation theory (Shaw and Mckay
(1942)
Collective efficacy – (Sampson et al.,)
Residential mobility, ethnic diversity, and
economic disadvantage reduce community
cohesion
which weakens mechanisms of informal control
which leads to an increase in criminal and
disorderly behaviour
which in turn reduces community cohesion
…and so on
9. 9
Key limitations of existing studies
Failure to account for non-independence of
individuals within neighbourhoods
More recent studies using multilevel provide clearer
evidence
Reliance on respondent assessments of
disorder, crime and structural characteristics
(often examined in isolation)
Theoretically weak neighbourhood definitions –
wards, census tracts, regions
Insufficient compositional controls
10. Our analysis
Neighbourhood effects on fear across England
Full range of urban, rural and metropolitan areas
Adjust for dependency using multilevel models
Detailed characterisation of local
neighbourhoods using full range of census and
administrative data
Independent of sample
Spillover effects
10
11. 11
Data
British Crime Survey 2002-2005
Victimization survey of adults 16+ in
private households
Response rate = 74%
12. 12
Defining neighbourhoods
Studies generally rely on available boundaries –
wards, census tracts, PSU, region
Vary widely in size and not very meaningful in terms
of ‘neighbourhood’ (Lupton, 2003)
BCS sample point? = postcode sector
We use Middle Super Output Area (MSOA)
geography created in 2001 by ONS
Still large, but stable and closer to ‘neighbourhood’
13. 13
Middle Layer Super
Output Areas
• 2,000 households
• 7,200 individuals
• Boundaries
determined in
collaboration with
community to
represent ‘local area’
• Sufficient sample
clustering for analysis
(n=20)
Defining neighbourhoods - MSOA
14. The national picture
6,781 MSOA across England
Census and other
administrative data available on
all residents
16. Spatial autocorrelation
Individual assessments of fear also
influenced by surrounding
neighbourhoods
May draw on environmental cues from
surrounding areas
Residents from a number of spatially
proximal areas may all be influenced by a
single crime hotspot
Routine activities
17. 17
Including neighbouring neighbourhoods
• Allow for possibility
that neighbouring
areas also influence
fear
o Spillover effects
o Saliency effects
• Identify all areas that
touch neighbourhood
boundaries
18. 18
• Allow for possibility
that neighbouring
areas also influence
fear
o Spillover effects
o Saliency effects
• Identify all areas that
touch neighbourhood
boundaries
Including neighbouring neighbourhoods
19. 19
• Allow for possibility
that neighbouring
areas also influence
fear
o Spillover effects
o Saliency effects
• Identify all areas that
touch neighbourhood
boundaries
Including neighbouring neighbourhoods
20. 20
• Allow for possibility
that neighbouring
areas also influence
fear
o Spillover effects
o Saliency effects
• Identify all areas that
touch neighbourhood
boundaries
Including neighbouring neighbourhoods
21. 21
• Allow for possibility
that neighbouring
areas also influence
fear
o Spillover effects
o Saliency effects
• Identify all areas that
touch neighbourhood
boundaries
Including neighbouring neighbourhoods
22. 22
• Allow for possibility
that neighbouring
areas also influence
fear
o Spillover effects
o Saliency effects
• Identify all areas that
touch neighbourhood
boundaries
Including neighbouring neighbourhoods
23. 23
• Allow for possibility
that neighbouring
areas also influence
fear
o Spillover effects
o Saliency effects
• Identify all areas that
touch neighbourhood
boundaries
Including neighbouring neighbourhoods
24. The national picture
Generates ‘adjacency matrix’ detailing
surrounding neighbourhoods for each
sampled MSOA
Each surrounding area given equal
weight
Attach area information (crime and
disorder) as ‘weighted average’ across
neighbours
25. The spatially adjusted multilevel
model
vk is the effect of each neighbourhood on its neighbours
zjk is a weight term, equal to 1/nj when neighourhood k is on
the boundary of neighbourhood j, and 0 otherwise
α3
w3k
is surrounding measure of crime/disorder (spatially
lagged variable – weighted sum of all neighbours)
yijk
= β0ijk
+ β1
x1ijk
+ α1
w1jk
+ α2
w1jk
x1ijk
+ α3
w3k
β0ijk
= β0
+ ∑zjkvk + ujk
+ eijk
j≠k
*
*
26. 26
Fear of crime measure
First principal component of:
How worried are you about being mugged or robbed?
How worried are you about being physically attacked
by strangers?
How worried are you about being insulted or pestered
by anybody, while in the street or any other public
place?
‘not at all worried’ (1), to ‘very worried’ (4)
27. Neighbourhood Measure
Working population on income support
Lone parent families
Local authority housing
Working population unemployed
Non-Car owning households
Working in professional/managerial role
Owner occupied housing
Domestic property
Green-space
Population density (per square KM)
Working in agriculture
In migration
Out migration
Single person, non-pensioner households
Commercial property
More than 1.5 people per room
Resident population over 65
Resident population under 16
Terraced housing
Vacant property
Flats
Measuring neighbourhood difference – Social structural
variables
Range of neighbourhood
measures identified to capture
social and organisational
structure
Factorial ecology approach
used to identify key dimensions
of neighbourhood difference
28. Table 1. Rotated Component Loadings from Factorial Ecology
Neighbourhood Measure
Working population on income support 0.89 0.245 0.191 0.138 0.092
Lone parent families 0.847 0.222 0.002 0.263 0.153
Local authority housing 0.846 0.064 -0.009 0.146 -0.168
Working population unemployed 0.843 0.293 0.173 0.118 0.125
Non-Car owning households 0.798 0.417 0.363 -0.01 0.057
Working in professional/managerial role -0.787 0.002 0.153 0.146 -0.368
Owner occupied housing -0.608 -0.249 -0.349 -0.572 0.053
Domestic property 0.104 0.921 0.165 0.052 0.112
Green-space -0.214 -0.902 -0.18 -0.011 -0.043
Population density (per square KM) 0.245 0.824 0.262 0.15 -0.135
Working in agriculture -0.126 -0.663 -0.006 -0.183 -0.03
In migration -0.074 0.102 0.916 0.069 0.071
Out migration -0.019 0.162 0.903 0.119 0.134
Single person, non-pensioner households 0.355 0.364 0.743 0.134 -0.092
Commercial property 0.378 0.432 0.529 0.019 -0.093
More than 1.5 people per room 0.428 0.472 0.507 0.197 -0.326
Resident population over 65 -0.052 -0.21 -0.271 -0.892 -0.021
Resident population under 16 0.427 0.04 -0.464 0.635 0.19
Terraced housing 0.323 0.263 0.102 0.274 0.689
Vacant property 0.319 -0.118 0.485 -0.173 0.53
Flats 0.453 0.359 0.489 0.008 -0.524
Eigen Value 9.3 3.3 1.9 1.4 1.3
Measuring neighbourhood difference – Social structural
variables
29. Table 1. Rotated Component Loadings from Factorial Ecology
Neighbourhood Measure
Socio-economic
disadvantage
Working population on income support 0.89 0.245 0.191 0.138 0.092
Lone parent families 0.847 0.222 0.002 0.263 0.153
Local authority housing 0.846 0.064 -0.009 0.146 -0.168
Working population unemployed 0.843 0.293 0.173 0.118 0.125
Non-Car owning households 0.798 0.417 0.363 -0.01 0.057
Working in professional/managerial role -0.787 0.002 0.153 0.146 -0.368
Owner occupied housing -0.608 -0.249 -0.349 -0.572 0.053
Domestic property 0.104 0.921 0.165 0.052 0.112
Green-space -0.214 -0.902 -0.18 -0.011 -0.043
Population density (per square KM) 0.245 0.824 0.262 0.15 -0.135
Working in agriculture -0.126 -0.663 -0.006 -0.183 -0.03
In migration -0.074 0.102 0.916 0.069 0.071
Out migration -0.019 0.162 0.903 0.119 0.134
Single person, non-pensioner households 0.355 0.364 0.743 0.134 -0.092
Commercial property 0.378 0.432 0.529 0.019 -0.093
More than 1.5 people per room 0.428 0.472 0.507 0.197 -0.326
Resident population over 65 -0.052 -0.21 -0.271 -0.892 -0.021
Resident population under 16 0.427 0.04 -0.464 0.635 0.19
Terraced housing 0.323 0.263 0.102 0.274 0.689
Vacant property 0.319 -0.118 0.485 -0.173 0.53
Flats 0.453 0.359 0.489 0.008 -0.524
Eigen Value 9.3 3.3 1.9 1.4 1.3
Measuring neighbourhood difference – Social structural
variables
30. Table 1. Rotated Component Loadings from Factorial Ecology
Neighbourhood Measure
Socio-economic
disadvantage
Urbanicity
Working population on income support 0.89 0.245 0.191 0.138 0.092
Lone parent families 0.847 0.222 0.002 0.263 0.153
Local authority housing 0.846 0.064 -0.009 0.146 -0.168
Working population unemployed 0.843 0.293 0.173 0.118 0.125
Non-Car owning households 0.798 0.417 0.363 -0.01 0.057
Working in professional/managerial role -0.787 0.002 0.153 0.146 -0.368
Owner occupied housing -0.608 -0.249 -0.349 -0.572 0.053
Domestic property 0.104 0.921 0.165 0.052 0.112
Green-space -0.214 -0.902 -0.18 -0.011 -0.043
Population density (per square KM) 0.245 0.824 0.262 0.15 -0.135
Working in agriculture -0.126 -0.663 -0.006 -0.183 -0.03
In migration -0.074 0.102 0.916 0.069 0.071
Out migration -0.019 0.162 0.903 0.119 0.134
Single person, non-pensioner households 0.355 0.364 0.743 0.134 -0.092
Commercial property 0.378 0.432 0.529 0.019 -0.093
More than 1.5 people per room 0.428 0.472 0.507 0.197 -0.326
Resident population over 65 -0.052 -0.21 -0.271 -0.892 -0.021
Resident population under 16 0.427 0.04 -0.464 0.635 0.19
Terraced housing 0.323 0.263 0.102 0.274 0.689
Vacant property 0.319 -0.118 0.485 -0.173 0.53
Flats 0.453 0.359 0.489 0.008 -0.524
Eigen Value 9.3 3.3 1.9 1.4 1.3
Measuring neighbourhood difference – Social structural
variables
31. Table 1. Rotated Component Loadings from Factorial Ecology
Neighbourhood Measure
Socio-economic
disadvantage
Urbanicity Population
Mobility
Working population on income support 0.89 0.245 0.191 0.138 0.092
Lone parent families 0.847 0.222 0.002 0.263 0.153
Local authority housing 0.846 0.064 -0.009 0.146 -0.168
Working population unemployed 0.843 0.293 0.173 0.118 0.125
Non-Car owning households 0.798 0.417 0.363 -0.01 0.057
Working in professional/managerial role -0.787 0.002 0.153 0.146 -0.368
Owner occupied housing -0.608 -0.249 -0.349 -0.572 0.053
Domestic property 0.104 0.921 0.165 0.052 0.112
Green-space -0.214 -0.902 -0.18 -0.011 -0.043
Population density (per square KM) 0.245 0.824 0.262 0.15 -0.135
Working in agriculture -0.126 -0.663 -0.006 -0.183 -0.03
In migration -0.074 0.102 0.916 0.069 0.071
Out migration -0.019 0.162 0.903 0.119 0.134
Single person, non-pensioner households 0.355 0.364 0.743 0.134 -0.092
Commercial property 0.378 0.432 0.529 0.019 -0.093
More than 1.5 people per room 0.428 0.472 0.507 0.197 -0.326
Resident population over 65 -0.052 -0.21 -0.271 -0.892 -0.021
Resident population under 16 0.427 0.04 -0.464 0.635 0.19
Terraced housing 0.323 0.263 0.102 0.274 0.689
Vacant property 0.319 -0.118 0.485 -0.173 0.53
Flats 0.453 0.359 0.489 0.008 -0.524
Eigen Value 9.3 3.3 1.9 1.4 1.3
Measuring neighbourhood difference – Social structural
variables
32. Table 1. Rotated Component Loadings from Factorial Ecology
Neighbourhood Measure
Socio-economic
disadvantage
Urbanicity Population
Mobility
Age Profile
Working population on income support 0.89 0.245 0.191 0.138 0.092
Lone parent families 0.847 0.222 0.002 0.263 0.153
Local authority housing 0.846 0.064 -0.009 0.146 -0.168
Working population unemployed 0.843 0.293 0.173 0.118 0.125
Non-Car owning households 0.798 0.417 0.363 -0.01 0.057
Working in professional/managerial role -0.787 0.002 0.153 0.146 -0.368
Owner occupied housing -0.608 -0.249 -0.349 -0.572 0.053
Domestic property 0.104 0.921 0.165 0.052 0.112
Green-space -0.214 -0.902 -0.18 -0.011 -0.043
Population density (per square KM) 0.245 0.824 0.262 0.15 -0.135
Working in agriculture -0.126 -0.663 -0.006 -0.183 -0.03
In migration -0.074 0.102 0.916 0.069 0.071
Out migration -0.019 0.162 0.903 0.119 0.134
Single person, non-pensioner households 0.355 0.364 0.743 0.134 -0.092
Commercial property 0.378 0.432 0.529 0.019 -0.093
More than 1.5 people per room 0.428 0.472 0.507 0.197 -0.326
Resident population over 65 -0.052 -0.21 -0.271 -0.892 -0.021
Resident population under 16 0.427 0.04 -0.464 0.635 0.19
Terraced housing 0.323 0.263 0.102 0.274 0.689
Vacant property 0.319 -0.118 0.485 -0.173 0.53
Flats 0.453 0.359 0.489 0.008 -0.524
Eigen Value 9.3 3.3 1.9 1.4 1.3
Measuring neighbourhood difference – Social structural
variables
33. Table 1. Rotated Component Loadings from Factorial Ecology
Neighbourhood Measure
Socio-economic
disadvantage
Urbanicity Population
Mobility
Age Profile Housing
Profile
Working population on income support 0.89 0.245 0.191 0.138 0.092
Lone parent families 0.847 0.222 0.002 0.263 0.153
Local authority housing 0.846 0.064 -0.009 0.146 -0.168
Working population unemployed 0.843 0.293 0.173 0.118 0.125
Non-Car owning households 0.798 0.417 0.363 -0.01 0.057
Working in professional/managerial role -0.787 0.002 0.153 0.146 -0.368
Owner occupied housing -0.608 -0.249 -0.349 -0.572 0.053
Domestic property 0.104 0.921 0.165 0.052 0.112
Green-space -0.214 -0.902 -0.18 -0.011 -0.043
Population density (per square KM) 0.245 0.824 0.262 0.15 -0.135
Working in agriculture -0.126 -0.663 -0.006 -0.183 -0.03
In migration -0.074 0.102 0.916 0.069 0.071
Out migration -0.019 0.162 0.903 0.119 0.134
Single person, non-pensioner households 0.355 0.364 0.743 0.134 -0.092
Commercial property 0.378 0.432 0.529 0.019 -0.093
More than 1.5 people per room 0.428 0.472 0.507 0.197 -0.326
Resident population over 65 -0.052 -0.21 -0.271 -0.892 -0.021
Resident population under 16 0.427 0.04 -0.464 0.635 0.19
Terraced housing 0.323 0.263 0.102 0.274 0.689
Vacant property 0.319 -0.118 0.485 -0.173 0.53
Flats 0.453 0.359 0.489 0.008 -0.524
Eigen Value 9.3 3.3 1.9 1.4 1.3
Measuring neighbourhood difference – Social structural
variables
34. Neighbourhood Measure
Working population on income support
Lone parent families
Local authority housing
Working population unemployed
Non-Car owning households
Working in professional/managerial role
Owner occupied housing
Domestic property
Green-space
Population density (per square KM)
Working in agriculture
In migration
Out migration
Single person, non-pensioner households
Commercial property
More than 1.5 people per room
Resident population over 65
Resident population under 16
Terraced housing
Vacant property
Flats
Measuring neighbourhood difference – Social structural
variables
We also include a measure of
ethnic diversity
White, black, asian, or other
Capturing the degree of
neighbourhood homogeneity
ELF = 1-∑Si
i=1
n
2
35. 35
Visual signs of disorder
Usually derived from survey respondents
Some have used pictures and video recording
which is later coded
We use principal component of interviewer
assessments of level of:
1. litter
2. graffiti & vandalism
3. run-down property
measured on a 4-point scale from ‘not at all
common’ to ‘very common’
High scale reliability (0.93)
36. 36
Recorded crime
Police recorded crime aggregated to
MSOA level
Composite index of 33 different offences
in 4 major categories:
Burglary
Theft
Criminal damage
Violence
38. 38
Individual fixed effects
More fearful groups:
Women, younger people, ethnic minorities,
less educated, previous victimization
experience, tabloid readers, students, those in
poorer health, being married, longer term
residents
Neighbourhood (and surrounding area)
effects – 7.5% of total variation
39. Neighbourhood effects
Table 2. Fear of Crime Across neighbourhoods - adjusting for spatial
autocorrelation1
Model I Model II
NEIGHBOURHOOD FIXED EFFECTS
Neighborhood disadvantage 0.01 0.01
Urbanicity 0.06** 0.06**
Population mobility 0.00 0.00
Age profile 0.01** 0.01**
Housing structure -0.02** -0.02**
Ethnic diversity 0.27** 0.27**
BCS interviewer rating of disorder 0.06** 0.06**
Recorded crime (IMD 2004) 0.07** 0.07**
*Personal crime (once) 0.05**
*Personal crime (multiple) 0.01
Spatial autocorrelation 0.027** 0.027**
Neighborhood variance 0.016** 0.015**
Individual variance 0.811** 0.811**
1
Unweighted data. Base n for all models 102,133
** P < (0.01) * P < (0.05)
Neighbourhood levels of crime and disorder significantly related to
individual fear
42. 42
Table 3. Fear of Crime Across neighbourhoods - adjusting for spatial autocorrelation1
Model III
NEIGHBOURHOOD FIXED EFFECTS
Neighborhood disadvantage 0.01
Urbanicity 0.05**
Population mobility 0.00
Age profile 0.01**
Housing structure -0.02**
Ethnic diversity 0.20**
BCS interviewer rating of disorder 0.06**
Recorded crime (IMD 2004) 0.05**
*Personal crime (once) 0.05**
*Personal crime (multiple) 0.01
SPATIALLY LAGGED EFFECTS
BCS interviewer rating of disorder 0.06**
Recorded crime (IMD 2004) 0.04*
Spatial autocorrelation 0.026**
Neighborhood variance 0.015**
Individual variance 0.811**
1 Unweighted data. Base n for all models 102,133
** P < (0.01) * P < (0.05)
Individuals also influenced by the levels of crime and disorder in the
surrounding area
43. 43
Conclusions
Neighbourhoods matter
Fear of crime survey questions sensitive to variation in
objective risk
Visual signs of disorder magnify crime-related anxiety
Neighbourhood characteristics accentuate the effects
of individual level causes of fear (Brunton-Smith &
Sturgis, 2011)
Residents influenced by surrounding areas (in
addition to their own neighbourhood)
Crime and disorder in surrounding areas important to
assessments of victimisation risk
But MSOA still spatially large – LSOA?
44. 44
Lower Layer Super
Output Areas
• 400 households
(minimum)
• 1,500 individuals
• Suitable individual
level data only
available for London
(Metpas)
Defining neighbourhoods – LSOA?
45. 45
Defining neighbourhoods – LSOA?
Lower Layer Super
Output Areas
• 400 households
(minimum)
• 1,500 individuals
• Suitable individual
level data only
available for London
(Metpas)
46. 46
Defining neighbourhoods – LSOA?
Lower Layer Super
Output Areas
• 400 households
(minimum)
• 1,500 individuals
• Suitable individual
level data only
available for London
(Metpas)
47. 47
Defining neighbourhoods – LSOA?
Lower Layer Super
Output Areas
• 400 households
(minimum)
• 1,500 individuals
• Suitable individual
level data only
available for London
(Metpas)
48. 48
Defining neighbourhoods – LSOA?
Lower Layer Super
Output Areas
• 400 households
(minimum)
• 1,500 individuals
• Suitable individual
level data only
available for London
(Metpas)
49. 49
Defining neighbourhoods – LSOA?
Lower Layer Super
Output Areas
• 400 households
(minimum)
• 1,500 individuals
• Suitable individual
level data only
available for London
(Metpas)