This document describes the design and development of a microcontroller-based system for measuring blood glucose levels. The system uses an amperometric method that relies on glucose oxidase enzymes and a mediator compound to transfer electrons from blood glucose to an electrode, generating an electrical signal. A PIC 18F4520 microcontroller processes, amplifies and converts the signal to a display on an LCD module. The system is intended to be low-cost, portable, and provide frequent blood glucose monitoring to help control diabetes and reduce complications. It works by measuring the current produced from the reaction of blood glucose with glucose oxidase and a mediator compound.
Design and Development of a Single Channel Analyzer with Microcontroller Base...IJAEMSJORNAL
Single Channel Analyzer (SCA) is a most common device used in today’s nuclear world. Therefore, A SCA with microcontroller based controlled output has been proposed in this article. The system comprises of Lower Level Discriminator (LLD), Upper Level Discriminator (ULD), wide dynamic range, Fast Processing and Hysteresis. The Comparator LM339N used as the key component that performs the main function of the proposed nuclear module. The multi-turn potentiometers have been used as LLD and ULD for the incoming linear pulses from shaping amplifier. The system has also employ the Hysteresis facilities so that oscillations due to stray feedback are not possible. A lower pin and less housing PIC microcontroller (P16F676) has been used to control the width and time delay of the output pulses.
A Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Device using Red Laser LightIRJET Journal
This document describes a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring device that uses red laser light. The device passes a 650nm wavelength red laser through a human finger to analyze the transmitted and absorbed blood samples to determine glucose level without drawing blood. The hardware implementation includes a laser transmitter, phototransistor receiver, and microcontroller to calculate glucose levels from the voltage output and display results. Testing showed a relationship between glucose concentration levels and voltage values. The non-invasive method provides pain-free glucose measurement but has lower accuracy compared to invasive techniques.
IRJET- Development of Portable Device for Measurement of Blood Glucose, T...IRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a portable device that can measure blood glucose, temperature, and pulse oximeter readings using an Arduino. It consists of four main parts: a near-infrared system to measure blood glucose levels non-invasively, an Arduino board to analyze sensor signals, an LCD display to show results, and wireless transmission of data to a laptop for storage. Sensors measure blood oxygen, temperature, and glucose levels. Arduino processes the signals and displays results on the LCD. Data is also transmitted to a laptop and stored in MATLAB for further analysis. The system aims to provide convenient, non-invasive monitoring of important health metrics for diabetic patients.
IRJET- Development of Portable Device for Measurement of Blood Glucose, Tempe...IRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a portable device that can measure blood glucose, temperature, and pulse oximeter readings using an Arduino. The device uses near-infrared light to non-invasively measure blood glucose levels. It also contains sensors to measure body temperature and blood oxygen levels. The Arduino processes the sensor signals and displays the measurement results on an LCD screen. The data can also be transmitted to a laptop for storage. The goal is to help diabetic patients conveniently monitor their health vitals.
Tuning of digital PID controller for blood glucose level of diabetic patientIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a digital PID controller to regulate the blood glucose level of diabetic patients. It first presents the mathematical model of blood glucose level as a transfer function. Then, it tunes the PID controller parameters using two methods: Ziegler-Nichols and Cohen-Coon. The Ziegler-Nichols method results in a faster rise time but more overshoot, while the Cohen-Coon method provides a response with less settling time, zero steady state error, and quicker output. Simulation results comparing the step responses and bode plots of each tuning method are presented, showing that the Cohen-Coon approach provides better control performance for regulating blood glucose levels.
Unified Smart Utility System For Monitoring Climatic ConditionsIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and implementation of a unified smart utility system that uses various sensors and a microcontroller to monitor climatic conditions such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, and carbon monoxide levels. The system allows the user to choose which parameters to monitor for different applications. When sensor readings exceed thresholds, the microcontroller activates actuators like fans, lights, or alarms to take corrective action and maintain optimal climatic conditions.
IRJET - Non Poking Method for Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease PatientsIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed non-invasive method to detect chronic kidney disease (CKD) using an affordable breath analyzer. CKD patients have higher levels of ammonia in their breath due to the kidneys' inability to remove urea from the bloodstream. The proposed method uses an ammonia gas sensor to measure breath ammonia levels in healthy individuals and CKD patients. The sensor outputs analog voltage readings correlated to ammonia concentration that are processed by an Arduino board and displayed on an LCD screen. Threshold levels can distinguish normal (<1.2ppm) from CKD patients (1.2-6.5ppm) to diagnose kidney impairment non-invasively and at low cost, helping patients access treatment
Design and Development of a Single Channel Analyzer with Microcontroller Base...IJAEMSJORNAL
Single Channel Analyzer (SCA) is a most common device used in today’s nuclear world. Therefore, A SCA with microcontroller based controlled output has been proposed in this article. The system comprises of Lower Level Discriminator (LLD), Upper Level Discriminator (ULD), wide dynamic range, Fast Processing and Hysteresis. The Comparator LM339N used as the key component that performs the main function of the proposed nuclear module. The multi-turn potentiometers have been used as LLD and ULD for the incoming linear pulses from shaping amplifier. The system has also employ the Hysteresis facilities so that oscillations due to stray feedback are not possible. A lower pin and less housing PIC microcontroller (P16F676) has been used to control the width and time delay of the output pulses.
A Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Device using Red Laser LightIRJET Journal
This document describes a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring device that uses red laser light. The device passes a 650nm wavelength red laser through a human finger to analyze the transmitted and absorbed blood samples to determine glucose level without drawing blood. The hardware implementation includes a laser transmitter, phototransistor receiver, and microcontroller to calculate glucose levels from the voltage output and display results. Testing showed a relationship between glucose concentration levels and voltage values. The non-invasive method provides pain-free glucose measurement but has lower accuracy compared to invasive techniques.
IRJET- Development of Portable Device for Measurement of Blood Glucose, T...IRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a portable device that can measure blood glucose, temperature, and pulse oximeter readings using an Arduino. It consists of four main parts: a near-infrared system to measure blood glucose levels non-invasively, an Arduino board to analyze sensor signals, an LCD display to show results, and wireless transmission of data to a laptop for storage. Sensors measure blood oxygen, temperature, and glucose levels. Arduino processes the signals and displays results on the LCD. Data is also transmitted to a laptop and stored in MATLAB for further analysis. The system aims to provide convenient, non-invasive monitoring of important health metrics for diabetic patients.
IRJET- Development of Portable Device for Measurement of Blood Glucose, Tempe...IRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a portable device that can measure blood glucose, temperature, and pulse oximeter readings using an Arduino. The device uses near-infrared light to non-invasively measure blood glucose levels. It also contains sensors to measure body temperature and blood oxygen levels. The Arduino processes the sensor signals and displays the measurement results on an LCD screen. The data can also be transmitted to a laptop for storage. The goal is to help diabetic patients conveniently monitor their health vitals.
Tuning of digital PID controller for blood glucose level of diabetic patientIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a digital PID controller to regulate the blood glucose level of diabetic patients. It first presents the mathematical model of blood glucose level as a transfer function. Then, it tunes the PID controller parameters using two methods: Ziegler-Nichols and Cohen-Coon. The Ziegler-Nichols method results in a faster rise time but more overshoot, while the Cohen-Coon method provides a response with less settling time, zero steady state error, and quicker output. Simulation results comparing the step responses and bode plots of each tuning method are presented, showing that the Cohen-Coon approach provides better control performance for regulating blood glucose levels.
Unified Smart Utility System For Monitoring Climatic ConditionsIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and implementation of a unified smart utility system that uses various sensors and a microcontroller to monitor climatic conditions such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, and carbon monoxide levels. The system allows the user to choose which parameters to monitor for different applications. When sensor readings exceed thresholds, the microcontroller activates actuators like fans, lights, or alarms to take corrective action and maintain optimal climatic conditions.
IRJET - Non Poking Method for Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease PatientsIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed non-invasive method to detect chronic kidney disease (CKD) using an affordable breath analyzer. CKD patients have higher levels of ammonia in their breath due to the kidneys' inability to remove urea from the bloodstream. The proposed method uses an ammonia gas sensor to measure breath ammonia levels in healthy individuals and CKD patients. The sensor outputs analog voltage readings correlated to ammonia concentration that are processed by an Arduino board and displayed on an LCD screen. Threshold levels can distinguish normal (<1.2ppm) from CKD patients (1.2-6.5ppm) to diagnose kidney impairment non-invasively and at low cost, helping patients access treatment
SOLAR ENERGY MEASUREMENT USING PIC MICROCONTROLLERIRJET Journal
This document describes a solar energy measurement system that uses a PIC microcontroller and various sensors. The system measures parameters like voltage, current, temperature, and light intensity of solar panels. It uses sensors like an LDR sensor to measure light intensity, voltage is measured using a voltage divider circuit, current is measured using a series resistor, and temperature is measured with a temperature sensor. The data collected from the sensors is displayed on a 16x2 LCD screen connected to the PIC microcontroller and sent to a remote PC via 2.4GHz serial communication. The system aims to provide continuous monitoring of conditions affecting solar energy generation for applications like evaluating solar energy potential of sites and monitoring performance of existing solar installations.
IRJET- Patient Health Monitoring System using Can ProtocolIRJET Journal
This document describes a patient health monitoring system that uses CAN protocol to measure the heart rate and body temperature of one or more patients in real-time. The system includes sensors to detect heart rate and temperature, microcontrollers, and CAN transceivers to transmit the sensor data via CAN bus to a display. This allows doctors to monitor multiple patients' vital signs from a single display. The system aims to reduce monitoring time and increase flexibility compared to only being able to measure one patient at a time.
IRJET- Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigation Automation in Medical TreatmentIRJET Journal
This document describes an automated system for controlling sodium hypochlorite irrigation in medical treatments. Sodium hypochlorite is commonly used as an irrigating solution in root canals and bone surgeries, but can cause complications if it comes into contact with soft tissues. The proposed system uses a PIC microcontroller to monitor the temperature of the sodium hypochlorite solution and control DC motors that automatically irrigate the solution at a rate of 2mL/minute. The system aims to avoid complications by providing accurate control over the flow of the sodium hypochlorite solution during medical procedures.
IRJET- Smart Aqua Meter with Live Usage Monitoring and Automatic Leakage Dete...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a smart water meter system that can monitor water usage live, detect leaks automatically, and terminate water flow if bills are unpaid. The system uses a digital water meter with a paddle wheel flow sensor that sends pulse data to an AVR microcontroller. An ESP8266 WiFi module then transmits the data wirelessly to a cloud server. This allows live monitoring of usage on a webpage or app. It can also detect open taps, no flow, and send SMS alerts. If bills are unpaid, a solenoid valve will terminate the water flow to that house. This provides more accurate monitoring and leak detection than traditional mechanical meters, helping to reduce water consumption and save this important resource.
A first response microcontroller basedIJCI JOURNAL
This paper presents the microcontroller based advanced technique to design and development of a portable
radiation survey meter to measure low level gamma radiation using NAI(T1) scintillation detector. A
scintillation detector was used as radiation detector and a microcontroller PIC16F876 was used to control
the function of the developed system. The microcontroller generated square wave frequency at specified
pulse width to produce high voltage (+1200V) and regulates it. The high voltage was required to activate
the scintillation detector. Preamplifier and amplifier were designed to make the detector signal for the
further amplification. Microcontroller senses the pulses from the amplifier output and processes data by
software and displays the results. The microcontroller was programmed using a high level programming
language ‘C’ with PCWH compiler.
Design and development of programmable controller for air sampling machineeSAT Journals
Abstract A programmable Controller is designed and developed for time pedestal controlling of Air Sampling Machine. The major purpose of the designed system is to reduce filter damage of Air Sampling Machine. The main function of the controller is to automatically switching the Air Sampling Machine with predefined On-Off time interval for 24 hours operation. This is a low cost system which is designed using locally available components and user friendly. The controlling operation is maintained by ATMEL AT89C52 microcontroller. A programmable real time clock PCF8583 is used to produce timing control signal for automatic switching of the Air Sampling Machine. Control signals generated by real time clock operate opto-isolator and an electromechanical relay for switching the Air Sampling Machine. EEPROM (M24C64) is used to store necessary data. The instruction firmware for the designed controller has been developed in BASIC platform using BASCOM-8051 software. The designed system is functioning properly and serving the purpose of the design. Keywords: Programmable Controller, AT89C52 microcontroller, RTC, EEPROM, I2C Protocol, BASCOM-8051 IDE
This document describes the development of a low-cost and portable ECG monitoring system for rural areas of Bangladesh. It proposes a complete solution for ECG monitoring from signal recording to report generation. The system uses inexpensive hardware including electrodes, voltage regulators, an instrumentation amplifier, filter, and clamper circuit interfaced with an Arduino and laptop. ECG signals are recorded, digitally filtered in MATLAB to remove noise, and analyzed to calculate diagnostic parameters. Real-time monitoring is also possible. Such an affordable portable system could improve cardiac healthcare access in remote areas.
IRJET- Distant Monitoring and Controlling of Gated Dams using PLC and SCADAIRJET Journal
This document describes a system for the distant monitoring and control of gated dams using a programmable logic controller (PLC) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) software. It aims to automate the process of opening and closing dam gates based on water level readings from sensors, in order to safely control water flow and minimize human error or time delays compared to a manual system. The system uses water level sensors connected to a PLC which analyzes the signals and controls an actuator to open and close the gates. SCADA software allows real-time monitoring of water levels and gate positions from a remote location. Diagrams show the hardware setup and circuitry, and results demonstrate the automated operation of opening gates when
A Review of Physiological Parameters Monitoring SystemsIRJET Journal
This document reviews various existing physiological parameter monitoring systems. It discusses systems that monitor parameters such as temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, ECG, and respiratory rate using wearable, contact-free, and contact-less devices. The technologies used include sensors, microcontrollers, wireless transmission protocols like Bluetooth and Zigbee, and machine learning techniques like neural networks. The review covers systems that transmit data to remote monitoring stations and notify doctors if parameters exceed thresholds. Overall, the document examines different approaches to physiological monitoring and sensing vital signs.
Milk Analyser Display using 7-segment LEDsIRJET Journal
This document describes a system that uses 7-segment LED displays to display the results from a milk analyzer. The milk analyzer measures parameters like fat content, solid not fat (SNF), temperature, and water content of a milk sample. However, the built-in LCD display on the analyzer is small and difficult to read from a distance. The system addresses this by connecting the analyzer to a microcontroller using RS-232 serial communication. The microcontroller then drives 7-segment LED displays to show the measurement results. This allows users to easily view the readings from longer distances compared to the built-in LCD. The system aims to help dairies and individuals more accurately measure milk quality parameters.
Design and Implementation of Real Time Remote Supervisory SystemIJERA Editor
In today’s fast growing communication environment and rapid exchange of data in networking field has triggered us to develop a home based remote supervisory monitoring system. In the present paper the physiological parameters of the patient such as body temperature, ECG, Pulse rate and Oxygen Saturation is displayed in MATLAB graphical user interface which is processed using ARM7 LPC2138. In case any emergency persist and parameters goes abnormal over the optimum level then a buzzer will ring to alert the caretaker. And the vital parameters will be displayed on the patient side computer and an automatic SMS will be sent to the doctor using GSM interface.
Automatic and low cost saline level monitoring system using wireless bluetoot...eSAT Journals
This document summarizes an automatic and low cost saline level monitoring system that uses wireless Bluetooth and CC2500 transreceiver modules. The system aims to provide reliable and automatic monitoring of saline levels in hospitals without continuous observation by nurses or doctors. It uses IR sensors to detect saline levels in bottles and sends wireless notifications to nurses' phones and computers when the level drops below a critical point. The system is designed to be low cost by using a microcontroller, wireless modules, and can be reused for multiple saline bottles. It provides a more convenient way to monitor saline levels compared to traditional manual methods.
IRJET - Automatic Battery Health Analysis and Monitoring using with Arudi...IRJET Journal
This document presents a system for automatic battery health analysis and monitoring using an Arduino controller and IoT. The system monitors key battery parameters like voltage, current, temperature and state of charge for lead-acid batteries in real-time. Sensors measure these parameters which are sent to an Arduino microcontroller. The data is analyzed and alerts are sent via an IoT module if any batteries malfunction. This allows remote monitoring of battery health on a cloud platform. The system aims to ensure uninterrupted power by early detection of unhealthy batteries.
NON INVASIVE GLUCOMETER (IR LED MODULE (TCRT 5000))IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed non-invasive glucose meter that uses an IR LED module to monitor blood glucose levels without drawing blood. The system aims to provide accurate, convenient glucose monitoring. It uses a TCRT 5000 sensor to detect blood glucose levels through infrared light absorption. The sensor is connected to an Arduino UNO microcontroller along with other hardware components like an LCD display, battery, and wires. The methodology involves using near-infrared spectroscopy to illuminate the skin and measure absorbed light to determine glucose levels in a painless, needle-free way. The system has potential for use in remote patient monitoring through integration with IoT technologies.
In this paper, an ATmega16 based system for vital signs recording using GSM is developed to measure patient’s
Heart Rate, Blood oxygen saturation percentage ,Body Temperature & also records ECG in real time. Nowadays people
are dying because of various health problems so a device will be designed to keep track on patient which should be easy
to use, portable, light weighted, small size so that it gives freedom of mobility for patient. The system is for home use by
patients that are not in critical condition but need to be periodically monitored by clinician. At any critical condition the
SMS is send to the doctor so that quick services can be provided.
A cost effective solar charge controllereSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper contains the design, construction and implementation of an efficient solar charge controller at low cost. The charge controller is implemented using an inexpensive PIC microcontroller with the help of solar panel and battery. It is also simulated by using Proteus ISIS ® Professional package for different PV cell and battery voltage levels. This solar charge controller (SCC) has the properties to disconnect as well as reconnect the battery during battery overcharging condition or under discharging condition. LCD is used here as the battery voltage level indicator and to display load connection and disconnection status. LED is used to show the condition of the charge controller. This charge controller deals with the PIC16F73 microcontroller and MOSFET to control the system and coordinate with the activity in the SCC. The source code for the PIC16F73 microcontroller is written in the professional programming language Proton IDE to obtain very accurate and effective connecting or disconnecting action automatically. The low cost construction and practical implementation of this smart solar charge controller indicates that it functions properly .
Keywords: Microcontroller, Solar Charge Controller, MOSFET, SCC, Low cost etc…
HUMAN HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM IN ABNORMAL CONDITION USING MSP 430 TO REMOTE...ijiert bestjournal
In hospital during the treatment of patient,doctor should have to monitor patient�s physiological information. Like,Physiological signal such as Heart beats,Blood s ugar (glucose),Body Temperature. Different chronic diseases like di abetes,congestive heart failure and also other diseases required to monitor physiological signa l of patient. Because we are not able to completely cure this chronicle diseases only to way to cure this diseases is to keep monitoring signals related to this di seases and control them. In this paper,proposed system in which different sensors are us ed to collect the physiological signals from patient and transfer this physiological measuremen t signals to pers onal computer of doctor or other paramedical staff. So this way patient can be analyzed by doctors from central observation canter. In this system we are taki ng three physiological si gnals from like Blood sugar (glucose),Body Temperature,Heart rate and transfer this physiological signals using communication module to the personal computer of observation center. Thus it reduce doctor work load and give more accurate result.
Microcontroller Based Room Temperature and Humidity Measurement Systemijtsrd
The objective of this paper is to achieve a functional system in terms of hardware and software, to measure temperature and humidity. In this paper, we use a microcontroller based DHT11 sensor was designed developed to measure the value of temperature and humidity at room temperature. A microcontroller PIC16F877A was used to control the developed system's function. The system was measuring the temperature from 0ºC to 50ºCand the humidity RH from 20 to 90.the reading was displayed in a liquid Crystal Display. MikroC language program was developed to control the microcontroller. Ya Min Thaw Dar Aung | Cho Cho Myint "Microcontroller Based Room Temperature and Humidity Measurement System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26438.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/engineering-physics/26438/microcontroller-based-room-temperature-and-humidity-measurement-system/ya-min-thaw-dar-aung
This document describes the development of a low-cost and portable ECG monitoring system for rural/remote areas of Bangladesh. An ECG circuit was designed using inexpensive components like electrodes, voltage regulators, an instrumentation amplifier, low-pass filter, and clamper. The ECG signal was interfaced with an Arduino and sent to a PC/laptop for real-time monitoring and offline analysis using MATLAB. Digital signal processing techniques like filtering were used to remove noise from the ECG signal. An algorithm was then used to detect heartbeats and calculate diagnostic parameters from the ECG recording. The goal is to provide a complete low-cost solution for ECG monitoring and generation of patient reports that can help diagnose cardiac conditions in
IRJET- Microcontroller based Anesthesia InjectorIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a microcontroller-based anesthesia injector system that automatically and precisely administers anesthesia to patients during surgeries based on biomedical sensor readings.
2) The system uses a microcontroller along with sensors for temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate to monitor the patient's condition. Based on the sensor values, the microcontroller controls a DC motor and syringe pump to administer the correct amount of anesthesia.
3) The automatic system aims to overcome issues with manual administration of anesthesia by ensuring the proper amount is delivered at the necessary intervals throughout long surgeries, avoiding risks to patients from human error or oversight.
SOLAR ENERGY MEASUREMENT USING PIC MICROCONTROLLERIRJET Journal
This document describes a solar energy measurement system that uses a PIC microcontroller and various sensors. The system measures parameters like voltage, current, temperature, and light intensity of solar panels. It uses sensors like an LDR sensor to measure light intensity, voltage is measured using a voltage divider circuit, current is measured using a series resistor, and temperature is measured with a temperature sensor. The data collected from the sensors is displayed on a 16x2 LCD screen connected to the PIC microcontroller and sent to a remote PC via 2.4GHz serial communication. The system aims to provide continuous monitoring of conditions affecting solar energy generation for applications like evaluating solar energy potential of sites and monitoring performance of existing solar installations.
IRJET- Patient Health Monitoring System using Can ProtocolIRJET Journal
This document describes a patient health monitoring system that uses CAN protocol to measure the heart rate and body temperature of one or more patients in real-time. The system includes sensors to detect heart rate and temperature, microcontrollers, and CAN transceivers to transmit the sensor data via CAN bus to a display. This allows doctors to monitor multiple patients' vital signs from a single display. The system aims to reduce monitoring time and increase flexibility compared to only being able to measure one patient at a time.
IRJET- Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigation Automation in Medical TreatmentIRJET Journal
This document describes an automated system for controlling sodium hypochlorite irrigation in medical treatments. Sodium hypochlorite is commonly used as an irrigating solution in root canals and bone surgeries, but can cause complications if it comes into contact with soft tissues. The proposed system uses a PIC microcontroller to monitor the temperature of the sodium hypochlorite solution and control DC motors that automatically irrigate the solution at a rate of 2mL/minute. The system aims to avoid complications by providing accurate control over the flow of the sodium hypochlorite solution during medical procedures.
IRJET- Smart Aqua Meter with Live Usage Monitoring and Automatic Leakage Dete...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a smart water meter system that can monitor water usage live, detect leaks automatically, and terminate water flow if bills are unpaid. The system uses a digital water meter with a paddle wheel flow sensor that sends pulse data to an AVR microcontroller. An ESP8266 WiFi module then transmits the data wirelessly to a cloud server. This allows live monitoring of usage on a webpage or app. It can also detect open taps, no flow, and send SMS alerts. If bills are unpaid, a solenoid valve will terminate the water flow to that house. This provides more accurate monitoring and leak detection than traditional mechanical meters, helping to reduce water consumption and save this important resource.
A first response microcontroller basedIJCI JOURNAL
This paper presents the microcontroller based advanced technique to design and development of a portable
radiation survey meter to measure low level gamma radiation using NAI(T1) scintillation detector. A
scintillation detector was used as radiation detector and a microcontroller PIC16F876 was used to control
the function of the developed system. The microcontroller generated square wave frequency at specified
pulse width to produce high voltage (+1200V) and regulates it. The high voltage was required to activate
the scintillation detector. Preamplifier and amplifier were designed to make the detector signal for the
further amplification. Microcontroller senses the pulses from the amplifier output and processes data by
software and displays the results. The microcontroller was programmed using a high level programming
language ‘C’ with PCWH compiler.
Design and development of programmable controller for air sampling machineeSAT Journals
Abstract A programmable Controller is designed and developed for time pedestal controlling of Air Sampling Machine. The major purpose of the designed system is to reduce filter damage of Air Sampling Machine. The main function of the controller is to automatically switching the Air Sampling Machine with predefined On-Off time interval for 24 hours operation. This is a low cost system which is designed using locally available components and user friendly. The controlling operation is maintained by ATMEL AT89C52 microcontroller. A programmable real time clock PCF8583 is used to produce timing control signal for automatic switching of the Air Sampling Machine. Control signals generated by real time clock operate opto-isolator and an electromechanical relay for switching the Air Sampling Machine. EEPROM (M24C64) is used to store necessary data. The instruction firmware for the designed controller has been developed in BASIC platform using BASCOM-8051 software. The designed system is functioning properly and serving the purpose of the design. Keywords: Programmable Controller, AT89C52 microcontroller, RTC, EEPROM, I2C Protocol, BASCOM-8051 IDE
This document describes the development of a low-cost and portable ECG monitoring system for rural areas of Bangladesh. It proposes a complete solution for ECG monitoring from signal recording to report generation. The system uses inexpensive hardware including electrodes, voltage regulators, an instrumentation amplifier, filter, and clamper circuit interfaced with an Arduino and laptop. ECG signals are recorded, digitally filtered in MATLAB to remove noise, and analyzed to calculate diagnostic parameters. Real-time monitoring is also possible. Such an affordable portable system could improve cardiac healthcare access in remote areas.
IRJET- Distant Monitoring and Controlling of Gated Dams using PLC and SCADAIRJET Journal
This document describes a system for the distant monitoring and control of gated dams using a programmable logic controller (PLC) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) software. It aims to automate the process of opening and closing dam gates based on water level readings from sensors, in order to safely control water flow and minimize human error or time delays compared to a manual system. The system uses water level sensors connected to a PLC which analyzes the signals and controls an actuator to open and close the gates. SCADA software allows real-time monitoring of water levels and gate positions from a remote location. Diagrams show the hardware setup and circuitry, and results demonstrate the automated operation of opening gates when
A Review of Physiological Parameters Monitoring SystemsIRJET Journal
This document reviews various existing physiological parameter monitoring systems. It discusses systems that monitor parameters such as temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, ECG, and respiratory rate using wearable, contact-free, and contact-less devices. The technologies used include sensors, microcontrollers, wireless transmission protocols like Bluetooth and Zigbee, and machine learning techniques like neural networks. The review covers systems that transmit data to remote monitoring stations and notify doctors if parameters exceed thresholds. Overall, the document examines different approaches to physiological monitoring and sensing vital signs.
Milk Analyser Display using 7-segment LEDsIRJET Journal
This document describes a system that uses 7-segment LED displays to display the results from a milk analyzer. The milk analyzer measures parameters like fat content, solid not fat (SNF), temperature, and water content of a milk sample. However, the built-in LCD display on the analyzer is small and difficult to read from a distance. The system addresses this by connecting the analyzer to a microcontroller using RS-232 serial communication. The microcontroller then drives 7-segment LED displays to show the measurement results. This allows users to easily view the readings from longer distances compared to the built-in LCD. The system aims to help dairies and individuals more accurately measure milk quality parameters.
Design and Implementation of Real Time Remote Supervisory SystemIJERA Editor
In today’s fast growing communication environment and rapid exchange of data in networking field has triggered us to develop a home based remote supervisory monitoring system. In the present paper the physiological parameters of the patient such as body temperature, ECG, Pulse rate and Oxygen Saturation is displayed in MATLAB graphical user interface which is processed using ARM7 LPC2138. In case any emergency persist and parameters goes abnormal over the optimum level then a buzzer will ring to alert the caretaker. And the vital parameters will be displayed on the patient side computer and an automatic SMS will be sent to the doctor using GSM interface.
Automatic and low cost saline level monitoring system using wireless bluetoot...eSAT Journals
This document summarizes an automatic and low cost saline level monitoring system that uses wireless Bluetooth and CC2500 transreceiver modules. The system aims to provide reliable and automatic monitoring of saline levels in hospitals without continuous observation by nurses or doctors. It uses IR sensors to detect saline levels in bottles and sends wireless notifications to nurses' phones and computers when the level drops below a critical point. The system is designed to be low cost by using a microcontroller, wireless modules, and can be reused for multiple saline bottles. It provides a more convenient way to monitor saline levels compared to traditional manual methods.
IRJET - Automatic Battery Health Analysis and Monitoring using with Arudi...IRJET Journal
This document presents a system for automatic battery health analysis and monitoring using an Arduino controller and IoT. The system monitors key battery parameters like voltage, current, temperature and state of charge for lead-acid batteries in real-time. Sensors measure these parameters which are sent to an Arduino microcontroller. The data is analyzed and alerts are sent via an IoT module if any batteries malfunction. This allows remote monitoring of battery health on a cloud platform. The system aims to ensure uninterrupted power by early detection of unhealthy batteries.
NON INVASIVE GLUCOMETER (IR LED MODULE (TCRT 5000))IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed non-invasive glucose meter that uses an IR LED module to monitor blood glucose levels without drawing blood. The system aims to provide accurate, convenient glucose monitoring. It uses a TCRT 5000 sensor to detect blood glucose levels through infrared light absorption. The sensor is connected to an Arduino UNO microcontroller along with other hardware components like an LCD display, battery, and wires. The methodology involves using near-infrared spectroscopy to illuminate the skin and measure absorbed light to determine glucose levels in a painless, needle-free way. The system has potential for use in remote patient monitoring through integration with IoT technologies.
In this paper, an ATmega16 based system for vital signs recording using GSM is developed to measure patient’s
Heart Rate, Blood oxygen saturation percentage ,Body Temperature & also records ECG in real time. Nowadays people
are dying because of various health problems so a device will be designed to keep track on patient which should be easy
to use, portable, light weighted, small size so that it gives freedom of mobility for patient. The system is for home use by
patients that are not in critical condition but need to be periodically monitored by clinician. At any critical condition the
SMS is send to the doctor so that quick services can be provided.
A cost effective solar charge controllereSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper contains the design, construction and implementation of an efficient solar charge controller at low cost. The charge controller is implemented using an inexpensive PIC microcontroller with the help of solar panel and battery. It is also simulated by using Proteus ISIS ® Professional package for different PV cell and battery voltage levels. This solar charge controller (SCC) has the properties to disconnect as well as reconnect the battery during battery overcharging condition or under discharging condition. LCD is used here as the battery voltage level indicator and to display load connection and disconnection status. LED is used to show the condition of the charge controller. This charge controller deals with the PIC16F73 microcontroller and MOSFET to control the system and coordinate with the activity in the SCC. The source code for the PIC16F73 microcontroller is written in the professional programming language Proton IDE to obtain very accurate and effective connecting or disconnecting action automatically. The low cost construction and practical implementation of this smart solar charge controller indicates that it functions properly .
Keywords: Microcontroller, Solar Charge Controller, MOSFET, SCC, Low cost etc…
HUMAN HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM IN ABNORMAL CONDITION USING MSP 430 TO REMOTE...ijiert bestjournal
In hospital during the treatment of patient,doctor should have to monitor patient�s physiological information. Like,Physiological signal such as Heart beats,Blood s ugar (glucose),Body Temperature. Different chronic diseases like di abetes,congestive heart failure and also other diseases required to monitor physiological signa l of patient. Because we are not able to completely cure this chronicle diseases only to way to cure this diseases is to keep monitoring signals related to this di seases and control them. In this paper,proposed system in which different sensors are us ed to collect the physiological signals from patient and transfer this physiological measuremen t signals to pers onal computer of doctor or other paramedical staff. So this way patient can be analyzed by doctors from central observation canter. In this system we are taki ng three physiological si gnals from like Blood sugar (glucose),Body Temperature,Heart rate and transfer this physiological signals using communication module to the personal computer of observation center. Thus it reduce doctor work load and give more accurate result.
Microcontroller Based Room Temperature and Humidity Measurement Systemijtsrd
The objective of this paper is to achieve a functional system in terms of hardware and software, to measure temperature and humidity. In this paper, we use a microcontroller based DHT11 sensor was designed developed to measure the value of temperature and humidity at room temperature. A microcontroller PIC16F877A was used to control the developed system's function. The system was measuring the temperature from 0ºC to 50ºCand the humidity RH from 20 to 90.the reading was displayed in a liquid Crystal Display. MikroC language program was developed to control the microcontroller. Ya Min Thaw Dar Aung | Cho Cho Myint "Microcontroller Based Room Temperature and Humidity Measurement System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26438.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/engineering-physics/26438/microcontroller-based-room-temperature-and-humidity-measurement-system/ya-min-thaw-dar-aung
This document describes the development of a low-cost and portable ECG monitoring system for rural/remote areas of Bangladesh. An ECG circuit was designed using inexpensive components like electrodes, voltage regulators, an instrumentation amplifier, low-pass filter, and clamper. The ECG signal was interfaced with an Arduino and sent to a PC/laptop for real-time monitoring and offline analysis using MATLAB. Digital signal processing techniques like filtering were used to remove noise from the ECG signal. An algorithm was then used to detect heartbeats and calculate diagnostic parameters from the ECG recording. The goal is to provide a complete low-cost solution for ECG monitoring and generation of patient reports that can help diagnose cardiac conditions in
IRJET- Microcontroller based Anesthesia InjectorIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a microcontroller-based anesthesia injector system that automatically and precisely administers anesthesia to patients during surgeries based on biomedical sensor readings.
2) The system uses a microcontroller along with sensors for temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate to monitor the patient's condition. Based on the sensor values, the microcontroller controls a DC motor and syringe pump to administer the correct amount of anesthesia.
3) The automatic system aims to overcome issues with manual administration of anesthesia by ensuring the proper amount is delivered at the necessary intervals throughout long surgeries, avoiding risks to patients from human error or oversight.
1. N. Anju Latha, B. Rama Murthy, U. Sunitha / International Journal of Engineering Research
and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.1440-1444
Design And Development Of A Microcontroller Based System For
The Measurement Of Blood Glucose
N. Anju Latha1*, B. Rama Murthy1, U. Sunitha2,
1. Department of Instrumentation, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, A.P., INDIA
2. Department of Electronics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, A.P., INDIA
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic diabetes, so lifelong treatment is the only alternative
diseases characterized by high blood sugar with continuous monitoring with diet control. Blood
(glucose) levels which results from defects in glucose of a person has also been routinely
insulin secretion. In the present study, a measured at medical checkups. There are different
microcontroller based system for the methods of in blood glucose measurement,
measurement of blood glucose is designed and Amperometric method, Spectroscopic method,
developed. It is based on the Amperometric Calorimetric method. In self measurement blood
method. A PIC 18F4520 microcontroller is used Glucose meters amperometric method is mainly
in the present study. LCD module is used to used [6]. Glucose measurement technique used
display measured values of blood glucose oxidation method. The whole operation is
glucose.The MAX232 is a dual line very simple with enzymes oxidation, which transfers
driver/receiver, converts signals from an RS- electrons to electrodes.
232 serial port to TTL compatible signals is There is evidence that the chorionic
interfaced with the microcontroller. Software is complications of diabetes are related to the duration
developed in C language using MPLAB IDE for and severity of hyperglycemia (diabetes control and
the Microchip Technology, due to the inherent complications Trial Research group 1993, UK
language flexibility, the extent of support and its prospective diabetes study group 1998). However
potential for portability across a wide range of good diabetic control is very difficult to achieve in
hardware. The instrument is tested and results many diabetic patients and frequent blood glucose
are found to be satisfactory. The instrument is testing is needed to detect hyper and
handheld, rugged, low cost, low energy hyperglycemia[7]. The most investigated technology
consumption, wearable and cost effective for in vivo glucose monitoring is based on
compared to the other commercially available. implanted Amperometric enzyme electrodes [2]
(Mastrototaro, 2000, sachedina and Pick up, 2003).
Keywords: Blood glucose measurement,
Amperometric method, PIC 18F4520 Tight control of blood glucose levels
microcontroller, RS232 level translator and achieved through frequent blood glucose monitoring
MPLAB embedded workbench IDE for microchip. has been shown to be effective in reducting
complicatins such as Retinopathy, Nephropathy and
I. INTRODUCTION Neuropathy [3,4]
The blood glucose is an important criterion
to discriminate the health condition of patients in Principle:
clinical field. Blood glucose of a patient is measured In the present paper, we measure the blood
3-4 times per a day in constant timer interval. glucose based on Amperometic method. The
Diabetes is a disease where the body doesn‟t glucose sensor [5] is an electrochemical diagnostic
properly use or produce insulin [1]. Insulin is a strip which used glucose oxidase enzymes. When
hormone produced in the human body which is need blood sample is applied, the enzyme becomes
for the conversion of sugar, starches and other food catalytically active and mediator compound transfer
into energy. Without insulin the body would not be electrons to the electrode. The electrical signal is
able to receive the amount of energy needed to then processed, amplified and converted into display
function, which is why diabetes is such a serious by microcontroller.
disease. There are two types of diabetes Type I and
Type II. Type I diabetes is where an individual‟s Glucose Oxidase
body doesn‟t produce insulin. Type II diabetes is Gluconic
where an individual body doesn‟t properly use Glucose + acid +
insulin combined with a relative insulin shortage O2 + H2O H2O2
within the body. Type II diabetes is the more GOD
common type with about 90% of people with
diabetes having this form. There is no cure for
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2. N. Anju Latha, B. Rama Murthy, U. Sunitha / International Journal of Engineering Research
and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.1440-1444
II Experimental
A. Hardware Design
The block diagram of the microcontroller
based system for the measurement of blood glucose
is shown in fig 1. An Illustrative schematic diagram
is shown in fig2.
Liquid Crystal Display
Glucose Test Glucose detection Personal
Stripe circuit Computer
PIC 18F4520
Micro
Controller
Filter circuit MAX 232
A/D conversion
Fig1: Block Diagram of Design and Development of Microcontroller based system for the measurement of
Blood Glucose.
R1 R2
22K 1K
R3 -5V
LM358 VCC
R4
1 100K +5V X2
1 2 2K 1 8 1
2 3 2 1 8 7 U1
MAX232 6
11
32
4 3 3 2 7 6 7 2
5 4 4 3 6 5 2 25 10 T2OUT 7
VDD
VDD
5 -5V 4 5 3 RA0/AN0 RC4/TX 26 9 T2IN 8 3
4 RA0/AN1 RC4/RX R2OUT R2IN C7 8
5 RA0/AN2 R18 1 4
sensor 6 RA0/AN3 1K 2 1 1 9
7 RA0/TCLK 3 2 C+ 3 5
33 RA0/AN5 40 R19 100 4 3 11 C1- 4 C4 10uf
34 RB0/INT RB7/PGD 39 5 4 13 T1IN C2+ 5
35 RB1 RB6/PGC 38 6 5 14 R1IN C2- 2
36 RB2 RB5 19 7 6 12 T1OUT V+ 6 C6
37 RB3/PGM RD0/PSP0 20 8 7 R1OUT V- 10uf
RB4 RD1/PSP1 8 5V
R5 23 21 9
10K 18 RC4/SDI RD2/PSP2 22 10 9 C5
C1 17 RC0/SCK RD3/PSP3 27 11 10 10uf
R9 13 RC0/CCP1 RD4/PSP4 28 12 11 10uf
22K 14 OSC1/CLKIN RD5/PSP5 29 13 12
OSC1/CLKOUT RD6/PSP6 13
5MHz
30 14
R6 C4 C2 1 RD7/PSP7 15 14
1K C7 47nF ~MCLR/VPP 5V 16 15
1UF 24 16
15 RC4/SDO
RC0/TIOS0 8
R7 R10 16 RE0/RD 9
LCD
22K 2.2K RC0/TIOS1 RE1/WR 10
RE2/CS
TL072CP 31
VSS
-5V R8 C6 5V 12
33K 100nF 1 8 VSS
C8 2 1 8 7
3 2 7 6
4 3 6 5
PIC18F4520
4 5
47nF
C3
100nF C5
100nF
+5V
R13 10K
LM358 R11
10K
R12 1 8 R14
2 1 8 7
3 2 7 6
100 4 3 6 5 220
4 5
7486 +5V
14
1 14 13
R15 1K 2 1 13 12
3 2 12 11
4 3 11 10
5 4 10 9
6 5 9 8
+5V R16 1K 7 6 8
7
R17 1K
Figure 2: Schematic diagram of Design and Development of Microcontroller based system for the measurement
of Blood Glucose.
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3. N. Anju Latha, B. Rama Murthy, U. Sunitha / International Journal of Engineering Research
and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.1440-1444
Sensor unit with Biosensor Biosensor is connected to amplifier LM358 and
According to the American diabetes ADC.
Association (ADA) [8], the term diabetes mellitus
describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology Signal conditioning unit
characterized by chronic hyper glycaemia with In general any Instrumentation system
disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein consists of various units staring from sensors to data
metabolism resulting from defects in insulin representation units, among that signal conditioning
secretion, insulin action, or both. The effects of is a vital process. The glucose measurement
diabetes mellitus include long– term damage, originates as a small current generated by the
disfunction and failure of various organs. Diabetes chemical reaction occurring in the test strip. The test
mellitus may present with characteristic symptoms strip contains glucose oxidase, a chemical that binds
such as thirst, polyuria, blurring of vision, and to D-glucose to start a redox reaction. The redox
weight loss. reaction breaks down the glucose and releases
A biosensor is a sensor that makes use of electrons. The flow of electrons is known as current
biological or living material for its sensing function. and is collected by electrodes built-in to the test
There are three main parts of a biosensor: (i) strip. The current is converted to voltage through the
biological detection elements, which recognize the use of a current-to-voltage converter.
substance of interest, (ii) a transducer, which When test stripe is inserted PIC micro
converts the biorecognition event into a measurable controller sense the presence of the strip. The
signal and (iii) a signal processing system, which current output from the glucose test strip is
converts the signal into a workable form. connected to inverting input of the LM358 [9]. The
The basic operation of glucose biosensor is LM358 dual operational amplifier, low power drain,
based on the fact that the enzyme glucose oxidase a common mode input voltage range extending to
(GOD) catalyses the oxidation of glucose to ground/VEE, eliminating the necessity for external
gluconic acid. The enzyme acts as a biorecognition biasing components. The current is converted to a
element, which recognizes glucose molecules. These voltage in LM358.A current-to-voltage converter is
enzyme molecules are located on an electrode simply an op amp with a feedback resistor. The op
surface, which acts as a transducer. As soon as the amp is used as a high impedance source that forces
enzyme recognizes the glucose molecules, it acts as all of the current to flow through the resistor. The
a catalyst to produce gluconic acid and hydrogen average current I produced by the glucose test strip
peroxide from glucose and oxygen from the air. The is 20μA. V is chosen to be 2 volts, then R = 100000
electrode recognizes the number of electron transfer Ohms
due to hydrogen peroxide/oxygen coupling. This The output of LM 358 is given to the filter
electron flow is proportional to the number of circuit. The filter circuit uses a TL072 [10] Low
glucose molecules present in blood. The glucose Noise JFET Input Operational Amplifier and is
sensor is an electrochemical diagnostic strip which configured as a 100 Hz Sallen-Key Low Pass
uses glucose oxidase enzymes in conjunction with Butterworth filter. The glucose measurement is
three electrically conductive electrodes. Two of taken from a single acquisition from the analog-to-
these electrodes are „working‟ electrodes meaning digital converter. When a sample is applied to the
they are the measured electrodes, and the third is a test strip the voltage jumps to a peak value and then
reference electrode as shown in fig 3. begins to decay linearly between 1 and 5 seconds.
The voltage reading is taken after 2 seconds the
sample is applied. Fig 4 shows a typical voltage
curve for glucose.
Fig 4: Glucose voltage curve.
The voltage level is then converted to a
glucose concentration using equation
Concentration = (voltage)
x922.23− 22.9
Fig 3: Schematic layout of a biosensor and test The Micro controller PIC 18F4520 is used
stripe to connect each component of the meter. The
The signals from glucose sensor are transmitted to processor is responsible for the analog-to-digital
next stage of signal condition unit. The output of the conversion, LCD control, user interface, and
communication with a serial device. The
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4. N. Anju Latha, B. Rama Murthy, U. Sunitha / International Journal of Engineering Research
and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.1440-1444
microcontroller uses a 5 MHz clock. The analog-to-
digital converter is configured with two control
registers, ADCON0 and ADCON1. ADCON0 is
used to configure the conversion clock, the input
channel. The analog-to-digital converter is set up to
use an Fosc/8 conversion clock, read channel 0, and
turn the module on. The maximum device frequency
is 5 MHz.
Microcontroller
In the present study, we have used
PIC18F4520 [11] microcontroller for the
measurement of blood glucose. PIC18F4520 is an
Enhanced Flash Microcontroller with Power
Managed Modes. The PIC microcontrollers have
high computational performance with the addition
of high endurance, Enhanced Flash program
memory. The PIC18F4520 introduces design
enhancements that make these microcontrollers a
logical choice for much high performance, power
sensitive applications. it consists of Three
programmable external interrupts, Four input
change interrupts, Enhanced
Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP) module, Master
Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) module supporting
3-wire SPI and I2C Master and Slave Modes,
Enhanced Addressable USART module, 10-bit, 13-
channel Analog-to-Digital Converter module, Dual
analog comparators with input multiplexing, High-
current sink/source 25 mA/25 mA
RS-232 (Recommended Standard 232) is a standard
for serial binary data signals connecting between a
DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) and a DCE (Data
Circuit-terminating Equipment). It is commonly Figure 5: Flowchart for design and development of
used in computer serial ports. Here, we use MAX microcontroller based system for the measurement
232 (RS-232) for serial communication in between of blood glucose.
microcontroller and personal computer [12]. The PC is the standard computing device
for the „C‟ compiler. [14]. to development of C
programs for an PIC18F4520 executing on a PC is
Display unit
now familiar with MPlab IDE for Microchip [15].
The measured Blood Glucose data are
The flowchart of the program is presented in Figure
displayed on the Liquid Crystal display. In present
work we are using LM16200 [13] (16 x 2 character) 5. A software method of digitally sampling the
LCD display. The LCD connects to the concentration of glucose levels is described. The
micro controller program controls the external
microcontroller using 14 pins. There are eight
devices and measures the input signals from the
parallel pins used for data transfer, three pins for
sensor and displays the output. Figures 5 contain the
enable, instruction/register select and read/write
flow chart for the present designed instrument used
control. The data and instructions are sent through
to determine the blood glucose. When we insert a
D0-D7 lines of LCD screen.
glucose test stripe in the meter, the microcontroller
Lcd displays requires less power and it is
used display any alpha-numeric and symbols. The automatically detect the presence of stripe, when we
display has a built in controller with synchronous drop blood sample, it measure the glucose
concentration and display the output blood glucose.
serial and parallel interfaces. The display has a
lifetime of about 10,000hours.
III. RESULTS AND OBSERVATION
B. Software The performance of the microcontroller
„C‟ programme language is used for the based system for the measurement of blood glucose
development of Blood glucose meter. The „C‟ is designed, developed and tested. Blood glucose
programming language is growing in importance values are illustrated on the two lines of the display
and has become the standard high level language for and transfer values to personal computer. Constant
real-time embedded applications. attention has been made on applying blood sample 1
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5. N. Anju Latha, B. Rama Murthy, U. Sunitha / International Journal of Engineering Research
and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.1440-1444
micro liter of blood is the required for testing. The Ilse Milants, R.N., Mona Eerdekens, R.N.,
blood sample is applied correctly in a reaction zone; Pieter J. Wouters, Bart De Moor, and Greet
the enzyme becomes active and mediator compound Van den Berghe, Journal of Diabetes
transfer electrons to the electrode. Low power Science and Technology Volume 2, Issue
consumption, long shelf life, and environmental 6, November 2008
operating characteristics (least affected by 2. “Fluoresence based glucose sensor”, John
temperature, humidity, and pressure), were very .C.Pick up, Faeiza Hussain,Nicholas D
important considerations in component and design Evan, olaf J. Rolinski,David J.S. Birch, Bio
selection. The blood glucose measurements were sensors & Bio electronics, 20 (2005),Pg
tested and the results are shown in Table 1. 2555-2565.
S. Actual Blood ACCU CHEK Present designed 3. The UKDS study group: Intensive blood
No Glucose values blood glucose Blood glucose glucose control with sulphonylueas or
mg/dl meter mg/dl meter mg/dl Insulin compared with conventional
1 93 93 92 treatment and risk of complications in
2 136 134 135 patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS33),
3 213 211 212 Lancet 1998;352:837-853
4 183 182 182 4. The diabetes control and complications
5 149 148 149 trial (DCCT): The effect of intensive
Table 1: Blood Glucose values treatment of diabetes on the development
and progression of long term complications
The results of the present study are in good in insulin dependent diabetes Mellitus: the
agreement with the standard blood glucose meters New England Journal of Medicine 1993;
(ACCU CHEK & One Touch Ultra instruments). In 3299140:977-986
the present study, a microcontroller based system, 5. “Electrochemical biosensors – principles
which converts the glucose concentration in the and applications”, Miroslav Pohanka1, Petr
blood sample into voltages compatible with Skládal2, Journal of APPLIED
microcontroller input requirements. The BIOMEDICINE ,57–64, 2008,ISSN 1214-
microcontroller software determines the validity of 0287
the voltage and analyze. Once the test stripe has 6. Worthington, D. (1990). "Use of models in
inserted in the meter, the glucose concentration the self-management of insulin-dependent
corresponding to the applied blood sample is diabetes mellitus," Computer Methods and
displayed as blood glucose. We got good accuracy Programs in Biomedicine, vol. 32(3-4), pp.
when compared to YSI 2300 glucose analyzer [11]. 233-239.
7. Gabir MM, Hanson RL, Dabelea D,
IV. SUMMARY Imperatore G, Roumain J, Bennett PH,
The hardware and software features of a Knowler WC. Plasma glucose and
microcontroller based system for the measurement rediction of microvascular disease and
of blood glucose are described. The necessary mortality: evaluation of 1997 American
software is developed in C, using MPlab IDE for Diabetes Association and 1999 World
Microchip. The system is quite successful for the Health Organization criteria for diagnosis
measurement of blood glucose with an accuracy of of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000 Aug;
less than ± 2%. Our instrument protects data in the 23(8):1113-1118
event of power loss and does not require periodic 8. Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of
refreshing. This feature would enable the health care Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications,
team to use the recorded data to perform diabetes Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of
mellitus variability studies. In the present paper, we Diabetes Mellitus World Health
used test strips designed for the One Touch Ultra Organization Department of
glucose meter made by Life scan, PIC Noncommunicable Disease Surveillance
microcontroller, RS232 for transferring data to Geneva WHO/NCD/NCS/99.2
personal computer for further processing and LCD 9. LM358 datasheet, www.national.com
to display which operated with Less power and 10. TL072 datasheet, www.ti.com
more bright. These are the novel parts when 11. PIC micro controller 18f4520 datasheet ,
compared to others. http://www.microchip.com(2008)
12. IC MAX 232 datasheet, www.maxim-
Reference ic.com (2006).
1. “Blood Glucose Measurements in Arterial 13. Lcd datasheet www.lampex.com
Blood of Intensive Care Unit Patients 14. RC-51 ANSI-C Compiler for the 8051
Submitted to Tight Glycemic family, “Reference manual” (2005).
Control:Agreement between Bedside 15. Michael J Pont, University of Leicester,
Tests”, Dirk Vlasselaers, Tom Van Herpe, “Embedded C”, Vol 1-2.
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