Digital Fitness | A Prerequisite for Logistics SuccessXeneta
Growth in global trade has shown an upward trend since the mid-eighties till about 2008 at which time the growth stage flat lined creating stagnation for the industry. This stagnation has affected all players in the industry alike – shipping lines, 3PL/4PL service providers, ship-owners etc. Now what?
Digital Fitness | A Prerequisite for Logistics SuccessXeneta
Growth in global trade has shown an upward trend since the mid-eighties till about 2008 at which time the growth stage flat lined creating stagnation for the industry. This stagnation has affected all players in the industry alike – shipping lines, 3PL/4PL service providers, ship-owners etc. Now what?
Klingbeil, R., 2011. UN General Assembly Resolution 63/124 - "The law of transboundary aquifers“: Status and Recent Developments. Presentation at the Second Intergovernmental Consultative Meeting on the Draft Legal Framework for Shared Groundwater Resources in the Arab Region, 13-14 December 2011, Beirut, Lebanon.
Klingbeil, R. & Nasr, G.J., 2013. Guide on Climate Change Negotiations for Representatives and Negotiators from Arab Countries - Negotiation Guidelines. Presentation at the ESCWA - LAS "Regional Training Workshop on Capacity Development for Climate Change Negotiations for the Arab Countries", Amman, Jordan, 22-24 Oct 2013.
Klingbeil, R., 2011. Water, Scarcity, Climate Change in the Middle East - Some Considerations. Presentation at the BMZ-GIZ-Conference Water and Climate Change in the MENA-Region: Adaptation, Mitigation, and Best Practices. 28-29 April 2011, Berlin, Germany.
Klingbeil, R., 2011. Water, Scarcity, Climate Change in the Middle East: Challenges to Water Management. Presentation at the International Workshop on Hydrology: Nature & Engineering and the World Water Day celebration. 20-22 March 2011, Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), Muscat, Oman.
Klingbeil, R. & Sabran, A., 2013. Water and Sustainable Development in the Tourism Industry: Examples from the Region. Presentation at the Oman Water Society (OWS) "Seminar on Water for Sustainable Tourism Industry", Nizwa, Oman, 24-25 Sep 2013.
Klingbeil, R., 2014. State of Water, Resources and Use, Trust Building and Dialogues as Basis for Enhancing Cooperation. Presentation at the LAS, AWC, CEDARE, UN ESCWA Workshop “Advancing Hydro-Diplomacy Skills for Shared Water Resources Negotiations”, 3rd Arab Water Forum, Cairo, Egypt, 12 Dec 2014.
Klingbeil, R., 2011. Boron Concentrations in Desalinated Water: A Real Threat? Review of Health Issues, Technical Aspects and International Guidelines. Presentation at the WHO IWA PAEW Regional Water Safety Plan Conference - Middle East and North Africa Region, 10-12 October 2012, Muscat, Oman.
Klingbeil, R., 2012. Groundwater and Water Management Issues in the Middle East. Presentation as part of the Water Resources Management Program / Desert and Arid Zones Sciences Program / Environmental Management Program, 08 November 2012, Arabian Gulf University, Salmaniyah, Bahrain.
Klingbeil, R., 2013. Managed Aquifer Recharge - MAR and Aquifer Storage Recovery - ASR with Examples from the Region. Presentation at the KISR workshop on ASR. KISR, Kuwait, 02 Apr 2013.
Klingbeil, R., 2011. UN General Assembly Resolution 63/124 - "The law of transboundary aquifers“: Status and Recent Developments. Presentation at the Second Intergovernmental Consultative Meeting on the Draft Legal Framework for Shared Groundwater Resources in the Arab Region, 13-14 December 2011, Beirut, Lebanon.
Klingbeil, R. & Nasr, G.J., 2013. Guide on Climate Change Negotiations for Representatives and Negotiators from Arab Countries - Negotiation Guidelines. Presentation at the ESCWA - LAS "Regional Training Workshop on Capacity Development for Climate Change Negotiations for the Arab Countries", Amman, Jordan, 22-24 Oct 2013.
Klingbeil, R., 2011. Water, Scarcity, Climate Change in the Middle East - Some Considerations. Presentation at the BMZ-GIZ-Conference Water and Climate Change in the MENA-Region: Adaptation, Mitigation, and Best Practices. 28-29 April 2011, Berlin, Germany.
Klingbeil, R., 2011. Water, Scarcity, Climate Change in the Middle East: Challenges to Water Management. Presentation at the International Workshop on Hydrology: Nature & Engineering and the World Water Day celebration. 20-22 March 2011, Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), Muscat, Oman.
Klingbeil, R. & Sabran, A., 2013. Water and Sustainable Development in the Tourism Industry: Examples from the Region. Presentation at the Oman Water Society (OWS) "Seminar on Water for Sustainable Tourism Industry", Nizwa, Oman, 24-25 Sep 2013.
Klingbeil, R., 2014. State of Water, Resources and Use, Trust Building and Dialogues as Basis for Enhancing Cooperation. Presentation at the LAS, AWC, CEDARE, UN ESCWA Workshop “Advancing Hydro-Diplomacy Skills for Shared Water Resources Negotiations”, 3rd Arab Water Forum, Cairo, Egypt, 12 Dec 2014.
Klingbeil, R., 2011. Boron Concentrations in Desalinated Water: A Real Threat? Review of Health Issues, Technical Aspects and International Guidelines. Presentation at the WHO IWA PAEW Regional Water Safety Plan Conference - Middle East and North Africa Region, 10-12 October 2012, Muscat, Oman.
Klingbeil, R., 2012. Groundwater and Water Management Issues in the Middle East. Presentation as part of the Water Resources Management Program / Desert and Arid Zones Sciences Program / Environmental Management Program, 08 November 2012, Arabian Gulf University, Salmaniyah, Bahrain.
Klingbeil, R., 2013. Managed Aquifer Recharge - MAR and Aquifer Storage Recovery - ASR with Examples from the Region. Presentation at the KISR workshop on ASR. KISR, Kuwait, 02 Apr 2013.
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Electronic business, popularly known as e-business or e-commerce, makes use of information and communication technologies to facilitate online business between individuals, groups and other businesses.
4-1Chapter 41Electronic Business E-Commerce and E.docxtamicawaysmith
4-1
Chapter 4
1
Electronic Business: E-Commerce and E-Government
Describe different business models used to compete in cyberspace as well as different forms of electronic government.
Business-to-Consumer E-Commerce
Describe business-to-consumer electronic commerce strategies.
Understand the keys to successful electronic commerce Web sites, and explain the different forms of Internet marketing.
Electronic Commerce Websites and Internet Marketing
Mobile Commerce, Consumer-to-Consumer EC, and Consumer-to-Business EC
Describe mobile commerce, consumer-to-consumer electronic commerce, and consumer-to-business electronic commerce.
Managing Finances and Navigating Legal Issues in EC
Describe how to conduct financial transactions and navigate the legal issues of electronic commerce.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Electronic Commerce Defined
Most Common Types of E-Commerce
E-Government
1-2
Electronic Commerce Defined
Electronic Commerce
“the exchange of goods, services, and money among firms, between firms and their customers, and between customers, supported by communication technologies and, in particular, the Internet”
Electronic Commerce occurs when any aspect of the transaction is facilitated by Electronic Communication Technologies.
We typically think of the Internet, which is where the vast majority of Electronic Commerce takes place.
Exchanges can involve consumer, businesses, and the government where any of these can be the buyer, the seller, or both.
3
Most Common Types of E-Commerce
4-4Type of ECDescriptionBusiness-to-consumer (B2C)Transactions between businesses
and their customersBusiness-to-business (B2B)Transactions among businessesConsumer-to-business (C2B)Transactions between customers
and businessesConsumer-to-consumer (C2C)Transactions between people not
necessarily working togetherGovernment-to-citizen (G2C)Transactions between a
government and its citizensGovernment-to-business (G2B)Transactions between a
government and businessesGovernment-to-government (G2G)Transactions among governments
There are many types of Electronic Commerce, based on who is interacting or selling to whom.
Business to Consumer is Businesses selling to Consumers; Consumer to Business is Consumers selling to Businesses.
E-Government
4-5
Government-to-Citizens
Government-to-Business
Government-to-Government
Governments use e-Government to increase efficiency and effectiveness much like businesses do.
By reducing paperwork and allowing for the electronic dissemination of information and the automated processing of transactions, governments can significantly reduce operating costs while increasing services.
Examples of this might include the electronic filing of income tax returns, the online filing of business license applications, or the ability to share data electronically between different law enforcement agencies.
4-6
Chapter 4
6
Electronic Business: E-Commerce and E-Government
Descr ...
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1. EN VES DE LOS CUADRITOS VAN ESTRELAS PORQUE ES LA LUNA Y LAS
ESTRELLAS LISTOOPP
E-
COMMERCE
Often deal with
hundreds or even
thousands of other
businesses, either as
customers or
suppliers.
Provides vast
competitive
advantages over
traditional
methods.
Is often faster, cheaper
and more convenient
than the traditional
methods of bartering
goods and services.
2. E-commerce deals with hundreds or even thousands of other
businesses, either as customers or suppliers.
This provides significant competitive advantage, it is faster, cheaper and
more convenient than traditional methods of bartering goods and
services.
Provides a cost
effective
method for
companies to
set up multiple,
ad-hoc links.
Has also led to the
development of
electronic marketplaces
where suppliers and
potential customers are
brought together to
conduct mutually
beneficial trade.
E-COMMERCE
3. E-commerce also offers a cost effective method for companies to
establish multiple connections free, this in turn has led to the
development of electronic markets where customers and suppliers to
transact mutual benefit.
