I a study of general incorporation laws in the Uniled States- Eric Hit.docx
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I a study of general incorporation laws in the Uniled States, Eric Hit of Wellesley College notod, "Prior to the adoption of a generaf statute, a business could only incerporate if the atate sassed a special law granting it a corporate charter." Source: Eric Hilt, "Corporation Law and the Shift toward Open Access in the Antebellum United States," Naomi R. Lamoreaux and Jehn Joseph Wallis, eds., Orgeninatians, Civil Seciety, and the Roots of Development, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017. What are the advantages of general incorporation laws over the prevous system? A. General incorporation laws ensure that owners of corporations have unimited liabinty. B. They allow more firms to experience the benefits of incorporation and ulimatey allow greater compection in the market. c. Firms may be expesed to greater serutiny from the legislature when they try to incorporate. 0. They limit the number of firms that can bocome corporations and thus prevent smaler fems from becoming eorporatons. Are there any disadvantages? A. General incorporation laws reduce the owners' responsbity for the firmis dobte. B. General incorporation laws make it more diflicult for firms to attract investors and raise the funds they need. c. General incorperation taws increase the owner's responsiblity tor the frmis dets. D. There are no disadvantages to general incorporation laws: .
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Citizens United Presentation
Speech to Lincoln MA Town Meeting March 24, 2012 in support of constitutional amendment to eliminate the right of corporations to the rights in the Constitution that belong to "the people."
Business Organizations
There are three main types of business organizations: sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. Sole proprietorships are the most common but provide unlimited liability for the owner. Partnerships make it easier to raise capital than sole proprietorships but partners are responsible for each other's actions. Corporations provide limited liability for shareholders but are more expensive to form and are subject to more government regulations.
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Business constitutional rights are rights afforded to companies formed in the US by the Constitution. The Constitution protects the rights of citizens and the government, and many of these same rights apply to businesses as well. Specifically, the Constitution affects businesses through clauses that guarantee free speech and association, regulate interstate commerce, and provide certain rights to corporations that are similar to those of individuals. The courts ultimately determine how exactly the Constitution's protections apply to businesses operating in the US.
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3 CorporationsiStockThinkstockLearning Objectives.docx
3 Corporations
iStock/Thinkstock
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
• Explain the nature and main features of corporations.
• Discuss the principal ways of punishing corporations.
• Assess the merits of various efforts to create an ethical corporate culture.
• Discuss the main threats to ethical corporate culture and how to combat them.
fie82537_03_c03_067-098.indd 67 10/15/15 11:32 AM
© 2015 Bridgepoint Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Not for resale or redistribution.
68
Chapter Outline
Introduction
3.1 The Nature of Corporations
Corporate Structure
Four Features of Corporations
Shell Corporations
Moral Agency of Corporations
3.2 Punishing Corporations
Six Types of Corporate Punishment
Federal Sentencing Guidelines
Consumer Retaliation
3.3 Ethical Corporate Culture
Stakeholders and Corporate Social Responsibility
Mission Statements and Codes of Ethics
3.4 Threats to Ethical Corporate Culture
The Profit Motive
Strategic Misrepresentation
Groupthink and Organizational Schizophrenia
Conclusion
Introduction
When you think of the word “corporation,” you most likely think of a concept that is relatively
young. But corporations have actually existed for around 2,000 years. By medieval times,
corporations had already been used for establishing churches, universities, and monasteries.
They were also used for creating trade guilds, which were associations of craftspeople, some-
what like modern-day trade unions.
By the 15th century, corporations had become an important tool for funding colonial ven-
tures as well. Establishing colonies in distant lands was a vastly expensive undertaking, but
through the mechanism of incorporation, the investment costs could be covered by a num-
ber of people, not just a single investor. Thus, in 1606, the King of England granted a cor-
porate charter to the Virginia Company to establish settlements along the Atlantic coast in
North America, and investors held stock in that company. Unfortunately, its first settlement,
Jamestown, was a disaster, with all but 61 of its first 500 settlers dying from disease and star-
vation. Thus, after 18 years of struggle, the king revoked the Virginia Company’s corporate
charter and took governmental control of its colonies.
Introduction
fie82537_03_c03_067-098.indd 68 10/15/15 11:32 AM
© 2015 Bridgepoint Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Not for resale or redistribution.
69
Section 3.1 The Nature of Corporations
Many early colonial corporate ventures like the Virginia Company were affiliated with gov-
ernments and were intended to establish territorial monopolies for imports and exports. But
with the movement toward free-market economics in the late 18th century, newer corpora-
tions became less affiliated with guilds and governments and more with private businesses.
This is the model of the corporation that we have today.
Whether large or small, conducting business today typica ...
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1. The 4th Amendment of The Constitution of the United States of America reads, “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall be issued, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describe the place to be searched, and the persons or items to be seized” (Seaquist, 2012, Appendix A).
The 4th amendment protects a person and business from being illegally searched without just cause. Illegal searches protect businesses because it protects their privacy as well as the privacy of employees because personal employee information is linked to company. Businesses do not have to fear unreasonable or illegal searches which could result in negative publicity.
The 4th amendment limits businesses because if there was a company who was illegally conducting business, there would be nothing that could be done about it without a search warrant which could not be issued without probable cause. It could be detrimental to the honest company if the company that was doing business illegally was the competition.
An example that I have encountered at my work is that I had to sign a form stating that if I chose to use my personal phone, for business purposes that the corporation could search my phone and even delete all of the data on it if they deemed it necessary. Most places of employment have employees sign notices that make the employee aware that their work emails, phones, etc. can be searched if deemed necessary. While this may feel like an invasion of privacy, it protects businesses from unlawful conduct of employees. For example, I became aware of an employee playing games on Facebook while at work. As a result, Facebook was blocked from all employee computers.
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1. The 4th Amendment of The Constitution of the United States of A.docx
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The 4th amendment protects a person and business from being illegally searched without just cause. Illegal searches protect businesses because it protects their privacy as well as the privacy of employees because personal employee information is linked to company. Businesses do not have to fear unreasonable or illegal searches which could result in negative publicity.
The 4th amendment limits businesses because if there was a company who was illegally conducting business, there would be nothing that could be done about it without a search warrant which could not be issued without probable cause. It could be detrimental to the honest company if the company that was doing business illegally was the competition.
An example that I have encountered at my work is that I had to sign a form stating that if I chose to use my personal phone, for business purposes that the corporation could search my phone and even delete all of the data on it if they deemed it necessary. Most places of employment have employees sign notices that make the employee aware that their work emails, phones, etc. can be searched if deemed necessary. While this may feel like an invasion of privacy, it protects businesses from unlawful conduct of employees. For example, I became aware of an employee playing games on Facebook while at work. As a result, Facebook was blocked from all employee computers.
2. The power of a nation lies in its people and the beliefs they live out daily. The United States was founded on specific principles that over time was defined and became the very basis for its constitution. This document has withstood the test of time and when it fell short was amended to reflect the conscious of a collective nation. One particular part that rings true to me is “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal and are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This small phrase hints at that every person regardless of socioeconomic backgrounds, ethnicity, or even gender has intrinsic value and worth. Additionally, to further drive this point home the United States constitution developed several amendments that address specific rights. I would like to focus on the 5th Amendment.
The fifth amendment states “No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in.
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3 CorporationsiStockThinkstockLearning Objectives.docx
3 Corporations
iStock/Thinkstock
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
• Explain the nature and main features of corporations.
• Discuss the principal ways of punishing corporations.
• Assess the merits of various efforts to create an ethical corporate culture.
• Discuss the main threats to ethical corporate culture and how to combat them.
fie82537_03_c03_067-098.indd 67 10/15/15 11:32 AM
© 2015 Bridgepoint Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Not for resale or redistribution.
68
Chapter Outline
Introduction
3.1 The Nature of Corporations
Corporate Structure
Four Features of Corporations
Shell Corporations
Moral Agency of Corporations
3.2 Punishing Corporations
Six Types of Corporate Punishment
Federal Sentencing Guidelines
Consumer Retaliation
3.3 Ethical Corporate Culture
Stakeholders and Corporate Social Responsibility
Mission Statements and Codes of Ethics
3.4 Threats to Ethical Corporate Culture
The Profit Motive
Strategic Misrepresentation
Groupthink and Organizational Schizophrenia
Conclusion
Introduction
When you think of the word “corporation,” you most likely think of a concept that is relatively
young. But corporations have actually existed for around 2,000 years. By medieval times,
corporations had already been used for establishing churches, universities, and monasteries.
They were also used for creating trade guilds, which were associations of craftspeople, some-
what like modern-day trade unions.
By the 15th century, corporations had become an important tool for funding colonial ven-
tures as well. Establishing colonies in distant lands was a vastly expensive undertaking, but
through the mechanism of incorporation, the investment costs could be covered by a num-
ber of people, not just a single investor. Thus, in 1606, the King of England granted a cor-
porate charter to the Virginia Company to establish settlements along the Atlantic coast in
North America, and investors held stock in that company. Unfortunately, its first settlement,
Jamestown, was a disaster, with all but 61 of its first 500 settlers dying from disease and star-
vation. Thus, after 18 years of struggle, the king revoked the Virginia Company’s corporate
charter and took governmental control of its colonies.
Introduction
fie82537_03_c03_067-098.indd 68 10/15/15 11:32 AM
© 2015 Bridgepoint Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Not for resale or redistribution.
69
Section 3.1 The Nature of Corporations
Many early colonial corporate ventures like the Virginia Company were affiliated with gov-
ernments and were intended to establish territorial monopolies for imports and exports. But
with the movement toward free-market economics in the late 18th century, newer corpora-
tions became less affiliated with guilds and governments and more with private businesses.
This is the model of the corporation that we have today.
Whether large or small, conducting business today typica ...
COPE Unioin Issues and todays politics
Governor Nikki Haley warned companies against bringing unionized jobs to South Carolina, saying "We don't want you here" after the UAW lost a union election at a Volkswagen plant in Tennessee. The Supreme Court case Harris v. Quinn challenges whether public service workers have a right to unionize and require all workers to pay fees to support collective bargaining. Depending on how the Court rules, it could affect unionization and fair share fees for home care workers in Illinois and other states, or have broader implications for all public sector unions.
1. The 4th Amendment of The Constitution of the United States of A.docx
1. The 4th Amendment of The Constitution of the United States of America reads, “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall be issued, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describe the place to be searched, and the persons or items to be seized” (Seaquist, 2012, Appendix A).
The 4th amendment protects a person and business from being illegally searched without just cause. Illegal searches protect businesses because it protects their privacy as well as the privacy of employees because personal employee information is linked to company. Businesses do not have to fear unreasonable or illegal searches which could result in negative publicity.
The 4th amendment limits businesses because if there was a company who was illegally conducting business, there would be nothing that could be done about it without a search warrant which could not be issued without probable cause. It could be detrimental to the honest company if the company that was doing business illegally was the competition.
An example that I have encountered at my work is that I had to sign a form stating that if I chose to use my personal phone, for business purposes that the corporation could search my phone and even delete all of the data on it if they deemed it necessary. Most places of employment have employees sign notices that make the employee aware that their work emails, phones, etc. can be searched if deemed necessary. While this may feel like an invasion of privacy, it protects businesses from unlawful conduct of employees. For example, I became aware of an employee playing games on Facebook while at work. As a result, Facebook was blocked from all employee computers.
2. The power of a nation lies in its people and the beliefs they live out daily. The United States was founded on specific principles that over time was defined and became the very basis for its constitution. This document has withstood the test of time and when it fell short was amended to reflect the conscious of a collective nation. One particular part that rings true to me is “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal and are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This small phrase hints at that every person regardless of socioeconomic backgrounds, ethnicity, or even gender has intrinsic value and worth. Additionally, to further drive this point home the United States constitution developed several amendments that address specific rights. I would like to focus on the 5th Amendment.
The fifth amendment states “No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in ...
1. The 4th Amendment of The Constitution of the United States of A.docx
1. The 4th Amendment of The Constitution of the United States of America reads, “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall be issued, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describe the place to be searched, and the persons or items to be seized” (Seaquist, 2012, Appendix A).
The 4th amendment protects a person and business from being illegally searched without just cause. Illegal searches protect businesses because it protects their privacy as well as the privacy of employees because personal employee information is linked to company. Businesses do not have to fear unreasonable or illegal searches which could result in negative publicity.
The 4th amendment limits businesses because if there was a company who was illegally conducting business, there would be nothing that could be done about it without a search warrant which could not be issued without probable cause. It could be detrimental to the honest company if the company that was doing business illegally was the competition.
An example that I have encountered at my work is that I had to sign a form stating that if I chose to use my personal phone, for business purposes that the corporation could search my phone and even delete all of the data on it if they deemed it necessary. Most places of employment have employees sign notices that make the employee aware that their work emails, phones, etc. can be searched if deemed necessary. While this may feel like an invasion of privacy, it protects businesses from unlawful conduct of employees. For example, I became aware of an employee playing games on Facebook while at work. As a result, Facebook was blocked from all employee computers.
2. The power of a nation lies in its people and the beliefs they live out daily. The United States was founded on specific principles that over time was defined and became the very basis for its constitution. This document has withstood the test of time and when it fell short was amended to reflect the conscious of a collective nation. One particular part that rings true to me is “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal and are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This small phrase hints at that every person regardless of socioeconomic backgrounds, ethnicity, or even gender has intrinsic value and worth. Additionally, to further drive this point home the United States constitution developed several amendments that address specific rights. I would like to focus on the 5th Amendment.
The fifth amendment states “No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in.
Chapter IntroductionDitty_about_summer Shutterstock.comLe
Chapter Introduction
Ditty_about_summer/ Shutterstock.com
Learning Objectives
The five Learning Objectives below are designed to help improve your understanding. After reading this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions:
1. What are two different views of the role of business in society?
2. How do duty-based ethical standards differ from outcome-based ethical standards?
3. What is short-term profit maximization, and why does it lead to ethical problems?
4. What are the four steps in the IDDR approach to ethical decision making?
5. What ethical issues might arise in the context of global business transactions?
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Respond:
The brokerage firm of E. F. Hutton was charged with federal criminal violations of interstate funds transfers. In reviewing the case, the lawyers for the government discovered internal Memoranda from and between branch managers in several states that outline a process for check kiting (a literal stringing together of checks and deposits) that enabled E. F. Hutton to earn interest on phantom deposits.
In 1985 E. F Hutton was found guilty of check kiting managers of the firm use check kiting technique to obtain legal interest over large sums of money, lawyers of government discovered internal memoranda from an between branch managers in several states that outlined process for check kiting that unableed E. F Hutton to earn interest on phantom deposits. E. F Hutton was charge with federal criminal violations.
The case will be tried in the Federal District Court by the United State Attorney, under the Federal Court System because the Federal District has the jurisdiction that involved cases from different states and also the damage exceeds $75,000. Because is a federal crime it is tried a Federal district.
The obligations of the layer is to draft the documents without a perfume with the complete facts and transaction of the fraud committed. The company’s obligation was to show the correct financial statements, the company have the right to provide the correct documents and financial statements to the court. Company have to take steps in order to avoid any future possibilities of having any more frauds.
EFH manager should not disclosed the documents to the government. Managers need communicate to the directors about the situation and look solutions to find the way to avoid future fraud for happen.
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Should Canadian or American multinationals (MNCs) be held accountable in Canada or the USA for the human rights violations that they commit abroad? Why or why not? Illustrate your answer with examples.
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You have been selected by your colleagues to be the nursing representative on the Hospital Diversity Committee. The annual nursing symposium is coming up, and this year the focus is on contemporary issues in nursing. The members of the committee have asked you to develop an infographic or poster and to represent the group by presenting it at the symposium. Instructions: Your infographic/poster needs to include the following elements: 1. One contemporary cultural issue present in nursing. a. Address at least two implications of the cultural issues on current nursing environments. b. Identify one credible source to provide attendees with more information on the issue. 2. One contemporary social issue present in nursing. a. Appraise how the social issue impacts the consumer within healthcare. b. Identify one credible source to provide attendees with more information on this issue. 3. Two resolution strategies to support each identified cultural and social issue. a. Define what the nurse's role would be in supporting these strategies.
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setcookie('userid', $id, time() + (86400 * 30), "/");
$_SESSION['userid'] = $id;
header('Location: hw1.php');
exit;
} else {
$error = 'Incorrect username or password';
header('Location: hw1login.php');
exit;
}
}
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Login</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Login</h1>
<?php if (isset($error)) { ?>
<p><?php echo $error; ?></p>
<?php } ?>
<form method="post">
<label>Username:</label>
<input type="text" name="username"><br>
<label>Password:</label>
<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="Login">
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</body>
</html>
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I have to submit this assignment after one hour Scope Management Plan.docx
I have to submit this assignment after one hour
Scope Management Plan for Project Selected Case Study Project Scenario Project Scenario 1. You work as a project manager in "Bank of North Atmerical (BoNA)"(fictitious name). The bank is oncof the largest fetail banks in North America. 2. The bank has agreed to partner with "Java Beans Coffee (JBC') (fictitious name) for a project iaitiative. The coffee company is one of the largest coffee companies in North America. 3.The project is for the bank to create a new co-branded loyalty credit card into the marketplace specifically for JBC's customers. 4. The loyaliy portion of the credit card allows JBC customers to get 2% cash back from each purchase they make with the credit card at any JBC coffiee retail store. 5. The work for the project is to start in one month and the desire from JBC is to launch the new credit cand in 10 months. 6.Assume the contract between the 2 companies has not yet been signed, so the project will need to include any activities for the contract work Introduction Scope Management is the collection of processes which ensure that the project includes all the work required to complete it while excluding all work which is not necessary to complete it. The Scope Management Plan details how the project scope will be defined, developed, and verified. It clearly defines who is responsible for managing the projects' seope and acts as a guide for managing and controlling the scope. Project Scope Management follows a five-step process; Collect Requirements. Define Scope, Create WBS, Verify Scope, and Control Scope. 1. Collect Requirements: - This first step is the process by which we define and document the requirements needed to meet all project objectives. - The foundation of this process is the project chaner and stakeholder register. - From these, the team can identify requirements, collectively discuss details associated with meeting each requirement, conduct interviews and follow-on discussion to clarify the requirements, and document the requirements in sufficient detail to measure them once the project begins the execution phase. - This documentation also serves as an input to the next step in the process which is to define scope. 2. Define Scope: - This step is critical to project saccess as it requires the development of a detailed project/product description to include deliverables, assumptions, and constraints and establishes the framework within which project work must be performed Back Assignment - Scope Manage... 3. Create WBS: - This process breaks project deliverables down into progressively smaller and more manageable components which, at the lowest level, are called work packages. This hierarchical structure allows for more simplicity in scheduling, costing, monitoring, and controlling the project. SCOPE MANAGEMENT APPROACH: It is important that the approach to managing the projects' seope be clearly defined and documented in detail. This section provides a summary.
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Learning Objectives
The five Learning Objectives below are designed to help improve your understanding. After reading this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions:
1. What are two different views of the role of business in society?
2. How do duty-based ethical standards differ from outcome-based ethical standards?
3. What is short-term profit maximization, and why does it lead to ethical problems?
4. What are the four steps in the IDDR approach to ethical decision making?
5. What ethical issues might arise in the context of global business transactions?
“New occasions teach new duties.”
James Russell Lowell 1819–1891 (American editor, poet, and diplomat)
One of the most complex issues that businesspersons and corporations face is ethics. Ethics is not as clearly defined as the law, and yet it can substantially impact a firm’s finances and reputation, especially when the firm is involved in a well-publicized scandal. Some scandals arise from conduct that is legal but ethically questionable. At other times, the conduct is both illegal and unethical. Business law and legal environment students must be able to think critically about both legal and ethical issues. As noted in the chapter-opening quotation, “New occasions teach new duties.”
Suppose that Finn Clayborn dropped out of Harvard University to start a company in Silicon Valley that developed and sold finger-prick blood-test kits. Clayborn raised millions from investors by claiming that his new technology would revolutionize blood testing by providing a full range of laboratory tests from a few drops of blood. The kits were marketed as a better alternative to traditional, more expensive lab tests ordered by physicians. They were sold at drugstores for a few dollars each and touted as a way for consumers to test their blood type and monitor their cholesterol, iron, and many other conditions. Within six years, Clayborn and his company were making millions. But complaints started rolling in that the test kits didn’t work and the results were not accurate (because more blood was needed). Numerous consumers, drugstores, and government agencies sued the company for fraudulent and misleading marketing practices. Clayborn’s profitable start-up now faces an uncertain future.
The goal of business ethics is not to stifle innovation. There is nothing unethical about a company selling an idea or technology that is still being developed. In fact, that’s exactly what many successful start-ups do—take a promising idea and develop it into a reality. But businesspersons also need to consider what will happen if new technologies do not work. Do they go ahead with production and sales? What are the ethical problems with putting a product on the market that does not function as advertised? To be sure, there is not always one clear answer to an ethical question. What is clear is that rushing to production and not thinking through ...
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Respond:
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In 1985 E. F Hutton was found guilty of check kiting managers of the firm use check kiting technique to obtain legal interest over large sums of money, lawyers of government discovered internal memoranda from an between branch managers in several states that outlined process for check kiting that unableed E. F Hutton to earn interest on phantom deposits. E. F Hutton was charge with federal criminal violations.
The case will be tried in the Federal District Court by the United State Attorney, under the Federal Court System because the Federal District has the jurisdiction that involved cases from different states and also the damage exceeds $75,000. Because is a federal crime it is tried a Federal district.
The obligations of the layer is to draft the documents without a perfume with the complete facts and transaction of the fraud committed. The company’s obligation was to show the correct financial statements, the company have the right to provide the correct documents and financial statements to the court. Company have to take steps in order to avoid any future possibilities of having any more frauds.
EFH manager should not disclosed the documents to the government. Managers need communicate to the directors about the situation and look solutions to find the way to avoid future fraud for happen.
Respond:
The phrase Stare Decisis comes from Latin and means "let the decision stand". It is a doctrine that allows judges to examine previous cases as examples to make decisions about new cases. Stare Decisis is closely connected to the idea of a precedent. This means that if a Supreme Court has previously made a ruling on a similar case, it will use that precedent as a model for another case. However, following a precedent does not necessarily mean that all similar cases will be decided in the same way. Other factors, such as context or changes in societal views, can also influence whether or not a precedent will be followed.
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I can put it in a infographic or poster if you just help me with all t.docx
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<?php
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<?php
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header('Location: hw1.php');
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<?php if (isset($error)) { ?>
<p><?php echo $error; ?></p>
<?php } ?>
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students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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