2. Origin and meaning of the term humanism
• It was first employed (as humanismus) by 19th-century German
scholars to designate the Renaissance emphasis on Classical
studies in education.
• These studies were pursued and endorsed by educators known,
as early as the late 15th century, as umanisti—that is, professors
or students of Classical literature.
• The word umanisti derives from the studia humanitatis, a course
of Classical studies that, in the early 15th century, consisted of
grammar, poetry, rhetoric, history, and moral philosophy.
3. • Humanism is a rational philosophy
informed by science, inspired by art, and
motivated by compassion. Affirming the
dignity of each human being, it supports
the maximization of individual liberty and
opportunity consonant with social and
planetary responsibility.
6. Abraham Maslow
was born on April 1, 1908 and died
1970, in Brooklyn, New York, where
he grew up the first of seven children
born to his Jewish parents who
emigrated from Russia. Maslow later
described his early childhood as
unhappy and lonely. He spent much
of his time in the library immersed in
books.
7. Abraham Maslow's Humanistic Theories
• Humanistic Psychology
Maslow became one of the founders and driving
forces behind the school of thought known as
humanistic psychology.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in
psychology comprising a five-tier model of human
needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a
pyramid.
8.
9. Physiological needs - these are biological
requirements for human survival, e.g., air, food,
drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, and sleep.
Safety needs – people want to experience order,
predictability, and control in their lives.
Love and belongingness needs – belongingness
refers to a human emotional need for interpersonal
relationships, affiliating, connectedness, and being
part of a group.
Esteem needs- are the fourth level in Maslow’s
hierarchy and include self-worth, accomplishment, and
respect.
Self-actualization- needs are the highest level in
Maslow’s hierarchy, and refer to the realization of a
person’s potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal
growth, and peak experiences.
10. Background
• Psychologist/educator who began his academic
career as a teacher of biological sciences and a
school psychologist in the public schools of
Alliance, OH (1935-1941).
• He earned a Master's degree in School Counseling
at Ohio State University (1941) and entered the
doctoral program in Clinical Psychology at that
institution, where Carl Rogers served as a teacher
and mentor. He completed his Ph.D. in 1945.
Arthur Wright Combs (1912-1999)
11. • "Perceptual Psychology" articulates a point of view that lies
at the heart of philosophy, religion, education, jurisprudence,
psychotherapy and political thought when these return to the
basic idea that what determines our behavior and thus the
form of human institutions, are the values, beliefs and
attitudes shaping our view of ourselves and the world.
• "Perceptual Psychology" describes a theory for
understanding a person which has considerable historical
as well as contemporary significance.
13. Student choice
Fostering engagement to inspire students to
become self-motivated to learn.
The importance of self-evaluation.
Feelings and knowledge are both important to the
learning process and should not be separated
according to humanistic psychology.
A safe learning environment.
14.
15. Humanism - believe that the desire to
learn is innate and aimed towards the
ultimate goal of self-actualization, and
perception towards individual
viewpoints.
16. REFERENCES
Magnuson, S. (2012, April 1). Arthur Wright Combs: A Humanistic Pioneer. The Journal of Humanistic
Counseling; Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1939.2012.00004.x
MSEd, K. C. (2023, March 14). Biography of Abraham Maslow (1908-1970). Verywell Mind.
https://www.verywellmind.com/biography-of-abraham-maslow-1908-1970-27955244
Gandhi, M. H. (2023, July 17). Learning Theories. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562189/#:~:text=Humanistic%20learning%20theory%20emphasi
zes%20the,the%20knowledge%20by%20the%20learner.
Humanism | Definition, Principles, History, & Influence. (2023, August 28). Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/humanism/Coluccio-Salutati
