This document provides information on four notable individuals from India who have contributed to science and conservation: 1. C.V. Raman, an Indian physicist who won the Nobel Prize for discovering the Raman Effect. He used simple equipment to make this important discovery. 2. M.S. Swaminathan, known as the "Father of the Green Revolution in India." He introduced high-yielding varieties of wheat that helped increase food production. 3. Dr. Salim Ali, known as the "Birdman of India." He conducted early systematic bird surveys and popularized ornithology in India through his books. 4. The document provides background information on each individual's educational background and contributions to

1. ONLINE
ASSIGNMENT

2. TOPIC : RESOURCE PERSONS, EMINENT TEACHERS,
PERONALITIES, SCIENTISTS IN THE LOCAL COMMUNITY
SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
RESHMA THULASI T L ATHULYA V

3. ASST.PRO. IN NATURAL SCIENCE NATUTRAL SCIENCE
FMTC.MYLAPORE FMTC ,MYLAPORE
INDEX
SL.NO CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION

4. 2 CV RAMAN
3 M S SWAMINATHAN
4 DR SALI ALI
5 CONCLUSION
6 REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION

5. HumanResource refer to the individuals or personnel or workforce
within an organizationresponsible for performing the tasks given to
them for the purpose of achievement of goals and objectives of the
organizationwhich is possible only through proper recruitment and
selection, providing proper orientation an induction, training, skill
developments, proper assessment of employees (performance
appraisal), providing appropriate compensation and benefits,
maintaining properlabour relations and ultimatelymaintaining safety,
welfare and health concern of employees, which is process of the
human resource management.Human resources play an important
part of developing and making a company or organization at the
beginning or Making a success at the end.
RESOURCE PERSONS

6. CV RAMAN
One of the most prominent Indian scientists in history, C.V. Raman was the first
Indian person to win the Nobel Prize in science for his illustrious 1930 discovery,
now commonly known as the “Raman Effect”. It is immensely surprising that
Raman used equipment worth merely Rs.200 to make this discovery. The Raman
Effect is now examined with the help of equipment worth almost millions of
rupees.
Early Life:
Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was born at Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu on 7th
November 1888 to a physics teacher. Raman was a very sharp student. After doing
his matriculation at 12, he was supposedto go abroad for higher studies, but after
medical examination, a British surgeon suggested against it. Raman instead

7. attended Presidency College, Madras. After completing his graduation in 1904, and
M.Sc. in Physics in 1907, Raman put through various significant researches in the
field of physics. He studied the diffraction of light and his thesis on the subject was
published in 1906.
Raman was made the Deputy Accountant General in Calcutta in 1907, after a
successfulCivil Service competitive examination. Very much occupied due to his
job, he spent his spare time in the evenings conducting scientific research at the
laboratory of the Indian Association for Cultivation of Sciences. On certain
occasions, he even spent entire nights there. Such was his passionthat in 1917, he
resigned from the position to become the ProfessorofPhysics at Calcutta
University.
Contributions and Achievements:
On a sea voyage to Europe in 1921, Raman curiously noticed the blue color of the
glaciers and the Mediterranean. He was passionate to discover the reason for the
blue color. Once Raman returned to India, he performed many experiments
regarding the scattering of light from water and transparent blocks of ice.
According to the results, he established the scientific explanation for the blue color
of sea-water and sky.
There is a captivating event that served as the inspiration for the discovery of the
Raman Effect. Raman was busy doing some work on a December evening in 1927,
when his student, K.S. Krishnan (who later became the Director of the National
Physical Laboratory, New Delhi), gave him the news that ProfessorComptonhad
won the Nobel Prize on scattering of X-rays. This led Raman to have some
thoughts. He commented that if the ComptonEffect is applicable for X-rays, it
must also be true for light. He carried out some experiments to establish his
opinion.
Raman employed monochromatic light from a mercury arc which penetrated
transparent materials and was allowed to fall on a spectrographto record its
spectrum. During this, Raman detected some new lines in the spectrum which were
later called ‘Raman Lines’. After a few months, Raman put forward his discovery
of ‘Raman Effect’ in a meeting of scientists at Bangalore on March 16, 1928, for
which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.
The ‘Raman Effect’ is considered very significant in analyzing the molecular
structure of chemical compounds. After a decadeof its discovery, the structure of

8. about 2000 compounds had been studied. Thanks to the invention of the laser, the
‘Raman Effect’ has proved to be a very useful tool for scientists.
Some of Raman’s other interests were the physiology of human vision, the optics
of colloids and the electrical and magnetic anisotropy.
Later Life and Death:
Sir C.V. Raman became the Fellow of the Royal
Society of London in 1924. A year later, he set up Raman Research Institute near
Bangalore, where he continued scientific research until his death which was caused
by a strong heart attack on November 21, 1970. His sincere advice to aspiring
scientists was that “scientific research needed independent thinking and hard work,
not equipment.”
M. S.Swaminathan

9. Mankombu SambasivanSwaminathan (born 7 August 1925) is an Indian
geneticist and international administrator, renowned for his leading role in India's
Green Revolution a program under which high-yield varieties of wheat and rice
seedlings were planted in the fields of poorfarmers. Swaminathan is known as
"Indian Father of Green Revolution" for his leadership and success in introducing
and further developing high-yielding varieties of wheat in India. He is the founder
and chairman of the MS Swaminathan Research Foundation.[1] His stated vision is
to rid the world of hunger and poverty.[2] Swaminathan is an advocate of moving
India to sustainable development, especially using environmentally sustainable
agriculture, sustainable food security and the preservation of biodiversity, which he
calls an "evergreen revolution."[3]
From 1972 to 1979 he was director general of the Indian Council of Agricultural
Research. He was Principal Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture from 1979 to 1980.
He served as Director General of the International Rice Research Institute (1982–
88) and became president of the International Union for the Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources in 1988.
In 1999, Time magazine placed him in the 'Time 20' list of most influential Asian
people of the 20th century.[

10. In a time of general mayhemand food shortages, Swaminathan enrolled in the
Coimbatore AgriculturalCollege, this time getting a second bachelor's degree in
agricultural science. During this period he worked in the fields and learned the
most importantlessons of his life. Itwas there that he learned to trust the
judgmentand instincts of the farmers.
The year India gained independence Swaminathan enrolled in the Indian
AgriculturalResearch Institute(IARI) in New Delhi. There he studied genetics and
plant breeding. At the end of the course, he had found his calling. He excelled in
cytogenetics, which is a branch of genetics that is concerned with study of
chromosomes and cell division.
Thereafter Swaminathan became involved with the United Nations Educational
Cultural and Scientific Organization (UNESCO). Hegot a fellowship to further work
on potato genetics, which he had started at IARI. To do this he went to
Wageningen AgriculturalUniversity's Instituteof Genetics in the Netherlands. This
opportunity broughtgreat success in Swaminathan's endeavors. Hemanaged to
chalk out a standard specified procedurefor relocating genes froma wide range
of wild species into the customary cultivated potato.
Swaminathan then went to the School of Agriculture at the University of
Cambridge. Itwas there that he was awarded a doctorate for his thesis titled
''Species Differentiation and the Nature of Polyploidy in Certain Species of the
genum Solanum — section Tuberarium''. His work proved to be very important in
helping to formulateinterrelationships between different species of the genus
Solanum.
After that, he accepted a doctorship at the University of Wisconsin in the
Department of Genetics to help set up a potato research department. He was
eventually offered a permanent position in Wisconsin, which hedeclined. The
main aim behind acquiring experience and technical prowess fromall these places
was to be able to servehis own nation. In 1954 hereturned to India.

11. In 2006 Swaminathan was invited to speak at the Norman E. Borlaug International
Symposiumin Iowa. ThereSwaminathan presented his paper titled ''The Green
Revolution Redux: Can wereplicate the single greatest period of food production
in human history?''He made an attempt to circumventthe causes and effects of
the green revolution in India and the respectiveroles of the various socio-political
leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, who called for rigorous action for relief from
poverty and hunger. He also attempted to charta series of interconnections
between the lives of Mahatma Gandhiand George Washington Carver, the great
scientist fromIowa.
For the significanceof the work hehas accomplished throughouthis career
Swaminathan has been honored with numerous awards and prizes, such as the
Four Freedoms Award and the Planet and Humanity medal of the International
GeographicalUnion. Swaminathan, moreoften than not, used the prize money to
forward his research.
Due to the international nature of his scholarship, Swaminathan has also been
praised by many international organizations for spreading thebenefits of his
research work across geographicalboundaries.
Dr Salim Ali

12. Sálim Moizuddin Abdul Ali (12 November 1896 – 20 June
1987)[1]
was an Indian ornithologist and naturalist. Sometimes referred to as the
"birdman of India", Salim Ali was among the first Indians to conduct systematic
bird surveys across India and several bird books that he wrote helped popularize
ornithology in India. He became the key figure behind the Bombay Natural History
Society after 1947 and used his personal influence to garner government support
for the organisation, create the Bharatpur bird sanctuary (Keoladeo National Park)
and prevent the destruction of what is now the Silent Valley National Park. Along
with Sidney Dillon Ripley he wrote the ten volume Handbook of the Birds of India
and Pakistan, a second edition of which was completed after his death. He was
awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1958 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1976, India's
third and second highest civilian honours respectively.[2]
Several species of birds
and a couple of bird sanctuaries and institutions have been named after him.

13. Early life
Salim Ali was born into a Sulaimani Bohra Muslim family of Bombay, the ninth
and youngest child. His father Moizuddin died when he was one year old and his
mother Zeenat-un-nissa died when he was three. The children were brought up by
his maternal uncle, Amiruddin Tyabji, and childless aunt, hamida Begum, in a
middle-class household in Khetwadi, Mumbai.[3] Another uncle was Abbas Tyabji,
well known Indian freedom fighter. Salim was introduced to the serious study of
birds by W. S. Millard, secretary of the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS),
who identified an unusually coloured sparrow that young Salim had shot for sport
with his toy air gun. Millard identified it as a yellow-throated sparrow, and showed
Salim around the Society's collection of stuffed birds.[4] Millard lent Salim a few
books including Eha's Common birds of Bombay, encouraged Salim to make a
collection of birds and offered to train him in skinning and preservation. Millard
also introduced young Salim to (later Sir) Norman Boyd Kinnear, the first paid
curator at the BNHS, who later provided help from the British Museum.[5] In his
autobiography, The Fall of a Sparrow, Ali notes the yellow-throated sparrow event
as the turning point of his life that led him into ornithology, an unusual career
choice, especially for an Indian in those days.[6] Even at around 10 years of age, he
maintained a diary and among his earliest bird notes included observations on the
replacement of the males in paired hen sparrows after he shot down the males. He
noted that male partner of a female sparrow was replaced soon after he had shot the
previous male.[7] His early interest was in books on hunting in India and he became
interested in sport-shooting, encouraged by the hunting interests of his foster-father
Amiruddin. Shooting contests were often held in the neighbourhood in which he
grew and among his playmates was Iskandar Mirza, a distant cousin who was a
particularly good marksman and who went on in later life to become the first
President of Pakistan.
Salim went to primary school at Zenana Bible and Medical Mission Girls High
School at Girgaum along with two of his sisters and later to St. Xavier's College,
Bombay. Around the age of 13 he suffered from chronic headaches, making him
drop out of class frequently. He was sent to Sind to stay with an uncle who had
suggested that the dry air might help and on returning after such breaks in studies,
he barely managed to pass the matriculation exam of the Bombay University in
1913.

14. Contributions
On his return to India in 1930, he discovered that the guide lecturer position had
been eliminated due to lack of funds. Unable to find a suitable job, Salim Ali and
Tehmina moved to Kihim, a coastal village near Mumbai. Here he had the
opportunity to study at close hand, the breeding of the baya weaver and discovered
their mating system of sequential polygamy.[19] Later commentators have
suggested that this study was in the tradition of the Mughal naturalists that Salim
Ali admired and wrote about.[20][21][22][23] A few months were then spent in Kotagiri
where he had been invited by K M Anantan, a retired army doctor who had served
in Mesopotamia during World War I. He also came in contact with Mrs Kinloch,
who lived at Longwood Shola, and her son-in-law R C Morris, who lived in the
Biligirirangan Hills.[24] He then discovered an opportunity to conduct systematic
bird surveys of the princely states that included Hyderabad, Cochin, Travancore,
Gwalior, Indore and Bhopal with the sponsorship of the rulers of those states. He
was aided and supported in these surveys by Hugh Whistler who had surveyed
many parts of India and had kept very careful notes. Interestingly, Whistler had
initially been irritated by the unknown Indian. Whistler had in a note on The study
of Indian birds mentioned that the long tail feathers of the greater racket-tailed
drongo lacked webbing on the inner vane.[25] Salim Ali wrote that such
inaccuracies had been carried on from early literature and pointed out that it was
incorrect on account of a twist in the rachis.[26] Whistler was initially resentful of
an unknown Indian finding fault and wrote "snooty" letters to the editors of the
journal S H Prater and Sir Reginald Spence. Subsequently Whistler re-examined
his specimens and not only admitted his error[27] but became a close friend.[28]
Whistler also introduced Salim to Richard Meinertzhagen and the two made an
expedition into Afghanistan. Although Meinertzhagen had very critical views of
him they became good friends. Salim Ali found nothing amiss in Meinertzhagen's
bird works but later studies have shown many of his studies to be fraudulent.
Meinertzhagen made his diary entries from their days in the field available and
Salim Ali reproduces them in his autobiography:[29]
30.4.1937 'I am disappointed in Salim. He is quite useless at anything but
collecting. He cannot skin a bird, nor cook, nor do anything connected with camp
life, packing up or chopping wood. He writes interminable notes about something-
perhaps me... Even collecting he never does on his own initiative...

15. 20.5.1937 'Salim is the personification of the educated Indian and interests me a
great deal. He is excellent at his own theoretical subjects, but has no practical
ability, and at everyday little problems is hopelessly inefficient... His views are
astounding. He is prepared to turn the British out of India tomorrow and govern the
country himself. I have repeatedly told him that the British Government have no
intention of handing over millions of uneducated Indians to the mercy of such men
as Salim:...
He was accompanied and supported on his early ornithological surveys by his wife,
Tehmina, and was shattered when she died in 1939 following a minor surgery.
After Tehmina's death in 1939, Salim Ali stayed with his sister Kamoo and
brother-in-law. In the course of his later travels, Ali rediscovered the Kumaon
Terai population of the Finn's baya but was unsuccessful in his expedition to find
the mountain quail (Ophrysia superciliosa), the status of which continues to
remain unknown.
Ali was not very interested in the details of bird systematics and taxonomy and
was more interested in studying birds in the field.[30][31]
Ernst Mayr wrote to Ripley
complaining that Ali failed to collect sufficient specimens : "as far as collecting is
concerned I don't think he ever understood the necessity for collecting series.
Maybe you can convince him of that."[30]
Ali himself wrote to Ripley complaining
about bird taxonomy:
My head reels at all these nomenclatural metaphysics! I feel strongly like retiring
from ornithology, if this is the stuff, and spending the rest of my days in the peace
of the wilderness with birds, and away from the dust and frenzy of taxonomical
warfare. I somehow feel complete detachment from all this, and am thoroughly
unmoved by what name one ornithologist chooses to dub a bird that is familiar to
me, and care even less in regard to one that is unfamiliar ----- The more I see of
these subspecific tangles and inanities, the more I can understand the people who
silently raise their eyebrows and put a finger to their temples when they
contemplate the modern ornithologist in action.
Ali later wrote that his interest was in the "living bird in its natural
environment."[33]
Salim Ali's associations with Sidney Dillon Ripley led to many bureaucratic
problems. Ripley's past as an OSS agent led to allegations that the CIA had a hand
in the bird-ringing operations in India.[34]

16. Salim Ali took some interest in bird photography along with his friend Loke Wan
Tho. Loke had been introduced to Ali by JTM Gibson, a BNHS member and
Lieutenant Commander of the Royal Indian Navy, who had taught English to Loke
at a school in Switzerland. A wealthy Singapore businessman with a keen interest
in birds, Loke helped Ali and the BNHS with financial support.[35] Ali was also
interested in the historical aspects of ornithology in India. In a series of articles,
among his first publications, he examined the contributions to natural-history of
the Mughal emperors. In the 1971 Sunder Lal Hora memorial lecture and the 1978
Azad Memorial Lecture he spoke of the history and importance of bird study in
India.[36][37][38]
Other contributions
Salim Ali was very influential in ensuring the survival of the BNHS and managed
to save the then 100-year-old institution by writing to the then Prime Minister
Pandit Nehru for financial help. Salim also influenced other members of his
family. A cousin,[39] Humayun Abdulali became an ornithologist while his niece
Laeeq took an interest in birds and was married to Zafar Futehally, a distant cousin
of Ali, who went on to become the honorary Secretary of the BNHS and played a
major role in the development of bird study through the networking of
birdwatchers in India. Ali also guided several MSc and PhD students, the first of
whom was Vijaykumar Ambedkar, who further studied the breeding and ecology
of the baya weaver, producing a thesis that was favourably reviewed by David
Lack.[40][41][42]
Ali was able to provide support for the development of ornithology in India by
identifying important areas where funding could be obtained. He helped in the
establishment of an economic ornithology unit within the Indian Council for
Agricultural Research.[43][44] He was also able to obtain funding for migration
studies through a project to study the Kyasanur forest disease, an arthropod-borne
virus that appeared to have similarities to a Siberian tick-borne disease.[37] This
project partly funded by the PL 480 grants of the USA however ran into political
difficulties with allegations made on CIA involvement.[45] In the late 1980s, he also
guided a BNHS project that aimed to reduce bird hits at Indian airfields. He also
attempted a citizen science project to study the house sparrow in 1963 through the
birdwatchers of India who were connected by the Newsletter for
Birdwatchers.[46][47]
Dr. Ali had considerable influence in conservation related issues in post-
independence India especially through Prime Ministers Jawaharlal Nehru and

17. Indira Gandhi. Indira Gandhi was herself a keen birdwatcher, influenced by Ali's
bird books (a copy of the Book of Indian Birds was gifted to her in 1942 by her
father Nehru who was in Dehra Dun jail[48] while she herself was imprisoned in
Naini Jail[49]) and by the Gandhian birdwatcher Horace Alexander. Ali influenced
the designation of the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary and in decisions that saved the
Silent Valley National Park. One of Ali's later interventions at Bharatpur involved
the exclusion of cattle and graziers from the sanctuary and this was to prove costly
and resulted in ecological changes that led to a decline in the numbers of many
species of waterbirds. Some historians have noted that the approach to
conservation used by Salim Ali and the BNHS followed an undemocratic
process.[50][51]
Dr. Ali was a frequent visitor to The Doon School where he was an engaging and
persuasive advocate of ornithology to successive generations of pupils. As a
consequence, he was considered to be part of the Dosco fraternity and became one
of the very few people to be made an honorary member of The Doon School Old
Boys Society.[52]
CONCLUSION
Human resources is the set of individuals who make up the workforce of an
organization, business sector, or economy. "Human capital" is sometimes used
synonymously with human resources, although human capital typically refers to a
more narrow view (i.e., the knowledge the individuals embody and economic
growth). Likewise, other terms sometimes used include "manpower", "talent",
"labour", or simply "people".Human resources play an important part of
developing and making a company or organization at the beginning or making a
success at the end, due to the labour provided by employees. Human resource
developing is to build a better understanding on how to have a better
employment relations or relationship in the workforce, which in turn is human
resources. Also, to bring out the best work ethic of the employees and therefore
making a move to a better working environment.[8]
A resourse person is one who
has knowledge, relevant skills, competence and expertise to give a talk,guidance
or first-hand info in a given subject or area. They are often persons who are well
versed with the subject matter.

18. REFERENCES
 what is human resource ?
 cv raman - Google Search
 M. S. Swaminathan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 Dr. MS Swaminathan: Father of India's Green Revolution |
BioTechCrossing.com
Checked and corrected by
RESHMA THULASI T L
Asst.professor in NaturalScience
F M T C Mylapore