5. HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the
main markup language for displaying web pages
and other information that can be displayed in a
web browser.
HTML is written in the form of HTML
elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle
brackets (like <html>), within the web page
content. HTML tags most commonly come in
pairs like <h1> and </h1>, although some tags,
known as empty elements, are unpaired, for
example <img>. The first tag in a pair is the start
tag, the second tag is the end tag(they are also
called opening tags and closing tags). In between
these tags web designers can add text, tags,
comments and other types of text-based content.
6. In 1980, physicist Tim Berners-Lee, who was a contractor
at CERN, proposed and prototyped ENQUIRE, a system
for CERN researchers to use and share documents. In
1989, Berners-Lee wrote a memo proposing an Internet-based
hypertext system. Berners-Lee specified HTML
and wrote the browser and server software in the last
part of 1990. In that year, Berners-Lee and CERN data
systems engineer Robert Cailliau collaborated on a joint
request for funding, but the project was not formally
adopted by CERN. In his personal notes from 1990 he
lists"some of the many areas in which hypertext is used"
and puts an encyclopedia first.
8. HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags.
HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded
by angle brackets like <html>.
HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and
</b>.
The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag
is the end tag.
The end tag is written like the start tag, with
a forward slash before the tag name.
Start and end tags are also called opening
tags and closing tags.
9. HTML attributes are modifiers of HTML elements. They
generally appear as name-value pairs, separated by "=",
and are written within the start tag of an element, after the
element's name:
<tag attribute="value">(content to be modified by the
tag)</tag>Where tag names the HTML element, attribute is
the name of the attribute, set to the provided value.
HTML elements can have attributes.
Attributes provide additional information about an
element.
Attributes are always specified in the start tag.
Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value".
10. Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.<h1>
defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the
least important heading.
Eg.---- <html>
<body>
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3 </h3>
<h4>This is heading 4 </h4>
<h5>This is heading 5</h5>
11.
12. • Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag. We can Use
the <br /> tag if we want a line break (a new line)
without starting a new paragraph. The <br /> element is
an empty HTML element. It has no end tag.
Eg.-<html>
<body>
<p>This is<br />a Para<br />graph with line breaks</p>
</body>
</html>
Tag Description
<p> Defines a paragraph
<br /> Inserts a single line
break
13.
14. • HTML uses tags like <b> and <i> for formatting
output, like bold or italic text. These HTML tags are
called formatting tags.
Tag Description
<b> Defines bold text
<big> Defines big text
<em> Defines emphasized text
<i> Defines italic text
<small> Defines small text
<strong> Defines strong text
<sub> Defines subscripted text
<sup> Defines superscripted text
<ins> Defines inserted text
<del> Defines deleted text
15. Eg.-<html>
<body>
<p><b>This text is bold</b></p>
<p><strong>This text is strong</strong></p>
<p><big>This text is big</big></p>
<p><i>This text is italic</i></p>
<p><em>This text is emphasized</em></p>
<p><code>This is computer output</code></p>
<p>This is<sub> subscript</sub> and <sup>superscript</sup></p>
</body>
</html>
16.
17. HTML IMAGES
In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.
The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains
attributes only, and has no closing tag.
To display an image on a page, we need to use the “src”
attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the src
attribute is the URL of the image we want to display.
We can set the height,width,alter,border etc. of an
image.
20. Tables are def ined wi th the <table> tag.
A table is divided into rows (wi th the < t r>
tag) , and each row is divided into data
cel ls (wi th the <td> tag) . td stands for
" table data, " and holds the content of a
data cel l . A <td> tag can contain text ,
l inks, images, l ists, forms, other tables,
etc.
21. If we do not specify a border attribute, the table will be
displayed without borders. Sometimes this can be useful,
but most of the time, we want the borders to show.
Tag Description
<table> Defines a table
<th> Defines a table header
<tr> Defines a table row
<td> Defines a table cell
<caption> Defines a table caption
<colgroup> Defines a group of columns in a
table, for formatting
<col /> Defines attribute values for one or
more columns in a table
<thead> Groups the header content in a
table
<tbody> Groups the body content in a table
<tfoot> Groups the footer content in a table
24. HTML Ordered Lists-
An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list
item starts with the <li> tag.The list items are marked
with numbers.
HTML Unordered Lists-
An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list
item starts with the <li> tag.The list items are marked
with bullets (typically small black circles).
HTML Definition Lists-
A definition list is a list of items, with a description of
each item.The <dl> tag defines a definition list.The
<dl> tag is used in conjunction with <dt> (defines the
item in the list) and <dd> (describes the item in the
list).
25. HTML TABLES
EXAMPLE-
ORDERED LIST---- <ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>
UNORDERED LIST----- <ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
DEFINITION LIST----- <dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>- black hot drink</dd>
<dt>Milk</dt>
<dd>- white cold drink</dd>
</dl>
26. HTML TABLE TAGS-Tag
Description
<ol> Defines an ordered list
<ul> Defines an unordered list
<li> Defines a list item
<dl> Defines a definition list
<dt> Defines an item in a
definition list
<dd> Defines a description of an
item in a definition list
28. HTML COLORS-
Color Values
HTML colors are defined using a
hexadecimal notation (HEX) for the
combination of Red, Green, and Blue color
values (RGB).
The lowest value that can be given to one
of the light sources is 0 (in HEX: 00). The
highest value is 255 (in HEX: FF).
HEX values are specified as 3 pairs of two-digit
numbers, starting with a # sign.