This document outlines the key learning objectives and concepts around marketing hospitality and travel services. It discusses the differences between marketing services versus products, including 6 generic and 6 contextual differences. It also lists 8 specific differences affecting hospitality/travel marketing, 5 unique approaches required, and 3 unique relationships among organizations. The overall purpose is to explain the unique aspects of marketing within the hospitality and travel industries.

1. Learning Objectives
Chapter 2: Marketing Hospitality and
Travel Services
1. Explain the meaning of services marketing.
2. Identify four reasons why marketing in the
services industries has lagged behind
marketing in other industries.
3. List and describe six generic differences
between the marketing of services and
products.
4. List and describe six contextual differences
between the marketing of services and
products.

2. Learning Objectives
Chapter 2: Marketing Hospitality and
Travel Services
5. List and explain eight specific differences
affecting the marketing of hospitality/travel
services.
6. Explain five unique approaches required in
hospitality and travel marketing.
7. Identify three unique relationships among
hospitality and travel organizations.

3. Services Marketing
A concept based on a recognition of the
uniqueness of all services; it is a branch of
marketing that specifically applies in the
service industries.

4. Four Reasons Why Services Marketing
Has Lagged Behind Other Industries
1. Marketing terms and principles were
defined for the manufacturing industry.
2. Parts of industry have been highly
regulated.
3. Industry is dominated by small
businesses.
4. There has been an historical tendency for
technical-and operations-oriented people
to create and manage businesses.

5. Six Generic Differences
1. Intangible nature of services
2. Production methods
3. Perishability
4. Distribution channels
5. Cost determination
6. Relationship of services to
providers

6. Six Contextual Differences
1. Narrow definition of marketing
2. Lack of appreciation of marketing skills
3. Different organizational structures
4. Lack of data on competitors
performance
5. Impact of government regulation and
deregulation
6. Constraints and opportunities for
nonprofit organizations

7. Eight Specific Differences of
Hospitality and Travel Services
1. Consumed within short time periods
2. More emotional and irrational buying
appeals
3. Greater importance of managing
evidence
4. Greater emphasis on stature and
imagery

8. Eight Specific Differences of
Hospitality and Travel Services
5. More variety and types of distribution
channels
6. More dependence on complementary
organizations
7. Copying of services easier
8. More emphasis on off-peak promotion

9. Five Unique Approaches Required in
Hospitality and Travel Marketing
1. Use of more than 4 Ps
2. Greater significance of word-of-mouth
advertising
3. More use of emotional appeals in
promotions
4. Greater difficulties with new-concept
testing
5. Increased importance of relationships with
complementary organizations

10. Three Unique Relationships Among
Hospitality and Travel Organizations
1. Suppliers, carriers, and the travel trade
2. The destination mix concept
3. Visitor and resident interaction

11. CarriersSuppliers
Travel Trade
Destination
Marketing
Organizations
Industry Organizations

12. InfrastructureTransportation
Facilities Hospitality
The Destination Mix
Attractions
and Events
Attractions and
events play the
pivotal role

13. VisitorsResidents
Visitor-Resident Interaction