1. This study analyzed healthcare utilization and costs before and after bariatric surgery for 4,006 patients in Brazil over a 7-year period. 2. They found that while hospital admissions increased after surgery, emergency room visits decreased in the first year but increased in the third year. 3. Overall healthcare expenditures increased from $350 to $520 per person per year after surgery, despite expected reductions in obesity-related diseases from the procedure.