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How was the hepatitis B vaccine produced? How was the hepatitis B vaccine produced?
A harmless variant, a natural mutant, was used to stimulate an immune response.
Scientists injected animals with the hepatitis B virus and then harvested their antibodies.
Animals, particularly mammals such as goats, were genetically engineered to produce hepatitis B
proteins.
Microorganisms were genetically engineered to produce hepatitis B proteins.

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