How to Allow Java Applets for physics labsWindows 7Ope.docx

How to Allow Java Applets for physics labs
Windows 7
Open the lab
Copy and paste the lab site given to desired internet browser
Here I’m using google chrome, you can also use internet
explorer or firefox, same results
You will get a security warning click run. It may still not run…
If it doesn’t run go the start menu on your computer. Type java.
I click on the Java 32 bit under control panel.
Once opened properly it should look like this.
Click on the security tab, then click on edit site list

Once the exception site list is up click add
Type in the address given. Make sure to first type http:// you
do not need the entire site just the main web site title for
example http://phy.ntnu.edu.tw
then click add
It will say this is a risk, allow it (click continue) the school
would not give you a website that gives you a virus.
Now you are done. Simply reload your web page and you should
be able to run the java applet.
Note, we have used about 4 different lab sites that use java this
means you have to do this for every new website.
Coaching Principles
Chapters 1-3
Coaching Philosophies, Coaching Objectives & Coaching Styles

Developing Your Coaching Philosophy
You have certain beliefs and principles
Situations occur, events happen
You respond based on your beliefs/principles
You experience consequences
Your beliefs change, adjust or solidify
The Wildcat Scenario, Page 1
Coach Mitchell’s football Wildcats are down 14-10 with one
minute to play. The fans scream as “Recordbook Rodney”, his
star tailback, spins away from two tackles, dodges another, then
lunges forward, tackled at the 6 yard line, just short of the end
zone. Cheering teammates surround Rodney, who – unseen by
the officials – throws a cheap shot to the kidney of his tackler.
When Rodney gets to his feet, he spits toward the tackler, who
is in obvious pain, and then glances to the sidelines to find
Coach Mitchell’s eyes fixed on him. It’s obvious to both of
them that his actions have flown square in the face of the team
philosophy and rules. (Cont.)
The Wildcat Scenario, Page 2
The refs call in the chains while the other team’s trainer assists
the injured tackler. The crowd roars as the signal is given: first
down and goal. Coach Mitchell calls a time out. Several
players slap Rodney on the back as they run to the sidelines,
and the PA announcer says, “This is it, Wildcat fans! Six yards
away from the first playoff season in 15 years of Huntsville
football.” Coach Mitchell is under tremendous pressure to
return the Huntsville program to previous glory. Rodney has
displayed flagrant and dangerous unsportsmanlike behavior,
seen by the coach. What should Coach Mitchell do? What
would you do if you were Coach Mitchell?

Developing Your Philosophy
Requires:
Knowing yourself
Reflection
Self-Disclosure
Your different “selves”
Public Self
Ideal Self
Real Self
Self-Esteem and Self-Disclosure
How do you value yourself?
Do you often judge yourself harshly?
How much of yourself is known by others?
How much of yourself is not known by others?
How much of yourself is not known by you?
How do you find out how others view you?
Determining Your Coaching Objectives
Goals of Coaches Usually Fall into Three Broad Categories
Win
Fun
Develop the Athletes:
Physically
Psychologically
Socially

Assessing Your Objectives
The best coaches are those who…Dev.FunWinGive individual
help and are interested in athlete developmentMake practices
and games funTeach athletes the skills needed to winIf a news
story were written about meCoach who contributed to the dev of
youngst.A coach for whom athletes enjoyed playingA winning
coachAs a coach I emphasize…Teaching skills that young
people can use later in lifeHaving funWinning
What is the ASEP Philosophy?
ASEP - American Sport Education Program
Athletes First, Winning Second
Vince Lombardi – Did he really say, “winning isn’t everything,
it’s the only thing” ?
Is “athletes first, winning second” realistic in today’s society?
Your Personal Objectives
Why do you want to coach?
Can you balance winning, having fun, and developing the
athlete?
Are your coaching objectives compatible with the objectives of
your program?
Bill of Rights for Young Athletes
The Right To:
qualified adult leadership
play as a child & not as an adult
participate at an appropriate level, participate in a safe and
healthy environment
proper preparation

share in the leadership and decision-making
equal opportunity for success
be treated with dignity
have fun in sports
Consider your goals
Consider how you feel about “athletes first, winning second”
Consider the emphasis you place on winning
Consider the commitment it takes
Consider the importance of ethical behavior in coaching
So, As You Develop Your Philosophy
Your Coaching Style
Most coaches lean toward one of three coaching styles:
Command – very coach-centered (dictator)
Submissive – impact of the coach is minimal (babysitter)
Cooperative – coach and athletes share in the decision making
(teacher)
Leadership in Coaching
Regardless of your style, as a coach you must be a leader to be
successful.
There are 3 other key qualities of successful coaches:
Knowledge of the sport
Motivation
Empathy
Leaders:

Provide direction
Build a psychological and social environment that is conducive
to achievement
Instill values, in part by sharing their philosophy of life
Motivate members of the group to pursue the goals of the group
Confront group members when problems arrive and resolve
conflicts
Communicate
What is Team Culture?
Components of Team Culture
Team Traditions
Basic Operating Procedures
Management of Information
Nature of the Sport
Power, influence, and status structure within the team
Leadership style of the coach
Build A Positive Team Culture
Involve your athletes in defining team goals
Give your athletes appropriate responsibilities
Know your sport
Treat each athlete with respect
Be consistent with rewards and recognition of excellent
performance and effort, not outcomes

Coaching Code of Ethics
National Standards for Sport Coaches:
Standard 1
Develop an athlete- centered philosophy
Standard 2
Identify, model, and teach positive values learned through sport
participation
Sample Lab Report:
Please note:
This is a fairly nice lab report of an experiment that should
provide a guide to you for producing your own lab reports.
Your report should usually contain the following ingredients:
1. Introduction of the purpose of the experiment
2. Description of the measurement procedure
3. Listing of the data you obtained, with formulas used in
extraction of these data.
4. Graphic representation of your data and possible
comparison to theoretical
predictions
5. Discussion of possible errors and uncertainties

6. Conclusion with clearly stated outcomes of the experiment
Experiment: Bouncing Golf Ball
Introduction
In this experiment we used the PASCO Science Workshop
Equipment, KaliedaGraph, Microsoft Word and Excel, and a
golf ball in order to investigate the potential, total, and kinetic
energy of a ball that bounces off the ground. Our purpose is to
determine as precisely as possible how much energy is lost in
the bounce of the ball and to observe how well the energy is
conserved throughout the flight. We believe that if the air
resistance is neglected, then the ball that is dropped should
conserve total energy as it falls. However, because the ground is
not a totally elastic surface, some of the energy will be lost. We
will therefore observe the total energy as a function of time so
as to determine whether the energy is lost in the actual bounce
of the ball into an inelastic surface, or due to air friction.
Procedure
First we needed to set up the equipment which contained a
motion sensor and a golf ball. The golf ball was weighed and
the height of the sensor, h, was measured with the digital meter
on the sensor. The distance we are actually measuring, though,
is the distance between the ground and the sensor because we
are subtracting the distance from the motion sensor to the ball.
We need to correct for the diameter of the ball because the
distance from the motion sensor to the top of the ball is what
the sensor is measuring, not the distance from the sensor to the
ground. In order to do this we subtracted the diameter of the
ball from h.
Now that we were ready to begin the experiment, we held the
ball below the sensor enough so its position is recorded and we
began the recording and let the ball drop. After a few practice
drops, we chose the ‘best’ data that allowed us to see a graph of
d, the distance between the motion sensor and the ball versus

time. A graph was created in Science Workshop displaying our
data. More graphs and tables were then created.
Data and Observations
Formulas:
Kinetic energy = ½ m v2
Potential energy = m g h
Total energy = kinetic + potential energy
Kinetic energy is the energy an object has while in motion. An
object loses kinetic energy each time it hits a non-elastic
surface. Kinetic energy is dependent upon the mass of the object
and the velocity the object is moving with. The sharp decreases
at t = 1.2 and 2.0 s are where the ball hit the ground.
Potential energy is the possible amount of energy an object has
before any movement. Potential energy is dependent upon the
mass of the object, acceleration due to gravity and the height of
the object. Each time the object falls it loses potential energy
and each time it returns it gains potential energy. At t = 0.3, 1.2
and 2.0 s the ball hits the ground. This is because potential
energy is lowest when the ball hits the ground.
The total energy is the sum of both the kinetic and potential
energy. At t = 0.3, 1.2, and 2.0 s the ball is striking the ground.
We know this because at these times the ball has it’s lowest
amount of energy. This is a step-like function because when the
kinetic energy is at its peak, potential energy is at its valley,
and vice versa. This creates horizontal lines when they are
added.

Conclusions
Our purpose of the experiment was met because we were able to
successfully investigate and observe kinetic, potential, and the
total energy of a bouncing golf ball. From our observations, we
are able to conclude that the ball loses energy each and every
time the ball hits the ground and bounces back. This is
especially noticeable in the graph of the total energy. In regards
to air resistance versus elasticity, we concluded that the amount
of energy lost through air resistance is negligible compared to
the amount of energy lost through contact of the golf ball with
the ground.
During the motion of the ball, kinetic energy is not being
conserved but rather distributed into the ground. This energy
transfers because the ground is not an elastic surface. The total
energy slightly decreases also due to the inelasticity of the
bounce. The Law of Conservation of Energy does hold for this
case, however, because the energy is not being destroyed rather
it is being transferred.
Each bounce created a total energy loss of approximately 0.9 J.
The energy was lost in the actual bounce rather than in the air.
This is because if the ball bounced on an elastic surface, the
energy of each bounce would be roughly equal and the ball
would return to its starting height. Because the experiment did
not use a perfectly elastic surface, we can be fairly sure that the
bounce was the actual cause of the loss of total energy, rather
than the air resistance.
Colors

Web Site:
http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/java/image/rgbColor.htmlOR
http://users.hal-
pc.org/~clement/Simulations/Mixing%20Colors/rgbColor.html
(Either website will work for this lab-please use whichever one
loads for you!)
Introduction:
Thomas Young, in the early 1800s, showed that a broad range of
colors can be generated by mixing three beams of light,
provided their frequencies were widely separately. When three
such beams combine to produce white light, they are called
primary colors.
There is no single unique set of these primaries, nor do they
have to be made up of single (monochromatic) colors.
The three components (emitted by three phosphors) that
generate the whole gamut of hues as seen on a color TV set are
Red, Green, and Blue. These are the primary colors.
Looking through a colored window or cloth is another story.
Yellow cloth, paper, dye, paint, and ink all selectively absorb
blue, and reflect what remains – yellow. And that is why they
appear yellow.
When dealing with pigments (paints), the primary pigments are
yellow, magenta (a light violet color), and cyan (a bluish-green
hue).
This Java applet let you play with mixing light beams and paint
pigments.

Instructions:
1. Load up the Java Lab from the web site shown above.
2. Click the right mouse button twice quickly to switch
between two different modes:
a. Mixing light beams (black background)
b. Mixing paint pigments (white background)
3. Set the screen for mixing light beams.
4. Click the left mouse button and drag one of the colored
ovals to move it around.
5. Determine what colors are obtained when two of the ovals
intersect each other. Do this for all combinations of two ovals.
6. What color is obtained when the three ovals intersect each
other?
7. Set the screen for mixing paint pigments.
8. Repeat steps 4 through 6 for paint pigments.
9. Finally, write the report telling what results were obtained
in this experiment with your favorite word processor or text
editor and submit is to the instructor.
Use the “Sample Laboratory Report” as a guide in preparing
your lab report.
Any problems – please e-mail me. Also if you have any
complaints, comments, suggestions, or kudos concerning this
experiment, please e-mail me. It won’t help your class, but I

will take them into consideration for the next time this course is
offered
Mirrors
Web Site:
http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/java/Lens/lens_e.html
Instructions:
2. Select “Mirror”
3. Press toggle button to “+” (if it’s not already shown) to
indicate a converging (concave) mirror.
4. Press the “Reset” button. The value of p (the object’s
location) should be 20.0, the value of q (the image location)
should be 20.0, the value of f should be +10.0, and “Paraxial”
should be checked)
5. Move the object (the blue arrow) to the following positions
(p): 30.0, 25.0, 20.0, 15.0, 10.0, and 5.0. (Click near tip of the
object, and drag it to where you want to place it, and then
release the mouse button.)
6. For each position of the object, record the location of the
image (q) and the type of image (real or virtual), as well as the
magnification (M) of the image.
7. Plot a graph showing the object’s position (x-axis) versus
the image position (y-axis).
8. Plot a graph of the object’s position (x-axis) versus the
magnification (y-axis).
9. Press the toggle button to “-“ to indicate a diverging
(convex) mirror.

10. Repeat steps 5 through 8 for this mirror.
11. Finally, write the report with your favorite word processor
or text editor and submit is to the instructor. In this report
discuss the effects produced when a mirror has a large
curvature.
your lab report.
offered.
optics/ABline.classsynchronizedclass ABline {
static double eps;
static double PI2;
int xa;
int ya;
int xb;
int yb;
double ca;
double cb;
double m;
double b;
double index;
double x;
double y;
double len;
double cta;
double alpha;
double r12p;

double r12s;
boolean total;
double rc;
double twoPI;
void draw(java.awt.Graphics);
void translate(int, int);
void setPoints(int, int, int, int);
double angle(double, double, double, double);
boolean touch(ray);
ray reflection(ray);
ray refraction(ray);
void ABline(double);
static void <clinit>();
}
optics/box.classpublicsynchronizedclass box extends
java.applet.Applet {
double time;
java.awt.Dimension area;
java.awt.Image bgImage;
java.awt.Image fgImage;
java.awt.Graphics gb;
java.awt.Graphics g;
java.awt.Color bgColor;
String rts;
String[] STR;
int xx;
int yy;
boolean rightClick;
int size;
int size2;
int size4;
int dragLight;
boolean changed;
int xs;

int ys;
java.awt.FontMetrics fm;
int chy;
int tx;
int ty;
int[] b;
int xc;
boolean display;
java.awt.Point[] light;
double len;
double index;
java.awt.Polygon hp;
java.awt.Polygon tp;
double PI6;
double LEN;
boolean showC;
public void init();
String d2String(double);
public boolean mouseDown(java.awt.Event, int, int);
public boolean mouseDrag(java.awt.Event, int, int);
public boolean mouseUp(java.awt.Event, int, int);
public boolean mouseMove(java.awt.Event, int, int);
void clear(boolean);
public void paint(java.awt.Graphics);
void drawPointer(java.awt.Point, java.awt.Point);
public void update(java.awt.Graphics);
void drawRay(double, double, double);
public void box();
}
optics/c1.gif
optics/c2.gif
optics/er.gif

optics/esp.gif
optics/eye.gif
optics/eyescan.gif
optics/fiber.classpublicsynchronizedclass fiber extends
double time;
String rts;
String[] STR;
java.awt.TextField tf;
int xs;
int ys;
boolean rightClick;
boolean draghead;
boolean dragtail;
int chy;
int x1;
int y1;
int y2;
int xx;
int yy;
int dd;
java.awt.Point head;
java.awt.Point tail;
double m;
double b;

double x;
double y;
double sc2;
double tc2;
double n;
double PI6;
double LEN;
double cta;
public void init();
public boolean action(java.awt.Event, Object);
void clear();
double drawIt(double, double, double);
public void fiber();
}
optics/fish.swf
optics/i.gif
optics/ie.gif
optics/image.classpublicsynchronizedclass image extends
java.applet.Applet implements Runnable {

String rts;
String[] STR;
int xx;
int yy;
int xs2;
int ys2;
boolean running;
Thread animThread;
long startTime;
long lastTime;
long delay;
long delta;
double c;
int cnt;
int ns;
double xt;
double yt;
double bt;
boolean rightClick;
boolean dragm;
boolean dragd;
boolean dragd2;
boolean down;
int xs;
int ys;
double cta1;
double cta2;
double ctaa;
double dd;
double PI2;
double m;
int ni;
int nf;

int n;
double V;
double dc2;
int chy;
int xc;
int yc;
int size;
int size2;
int xm;
int ym;
int ym2;
int Nmax;
int NR;
int Nmax1;
double cta;
double rm;
double dc;
double[] CR;
double[] X;
double[] Y;
double[] VX;
double[] VY;
double cst;
int NI;
double[] PXA;
double[] PYA;
double[] PXB;
double[] PYB;
java.awt.Point na;
java.awt.Point nb;
public void init();
public void reset();
public void start();
public void stop();
public void run();

void advanced(double);
void setupRay();
void clear();
void imgs(double, double, double[], double[],
java.awt.Point);
public void image();
}
optics/image_e.htmlMultiple
Reflection from two plane mirrors
Rays of lights are reflected from the mirror, each ray satisfying
the
law of reflection.
It is fun to play with two plane mirrors, multiple images are
formed.
Would you like to try it with this java applet?
The inverted moving fish (virtual image) is what the observer

(fish
on the left) will see underwater.
When the moving fish is away from the observer,
light emitter from the moving fish will be totally
reflected at the water-air interface.
So the water-air interface acting like a mirror.
When the distance is too short for the total internal reflection to
occurs,
the virtual image above the water vanished.
You can click and drag the observer left/right to change its
location.
More information will be shown when you drag the observer
(fish).Why does a fish appear to be closer to the surface of
water
than it really is?
The following java applet let you find out the answer,
and learn the physics of refraction, and total internal
reflection.
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Usage:
A scanning eye represent the observer. You can click on it
and drag it to any position you like.

The whole screen will be clear when you drag the scanning eye.
You can draw any pattern you like, and the java program will
draw the
virtual image of it.
( If the virtual can be formed due to refraction or total internal
reflection)
When you draw in the water region,
the region where the total internal reflection
is possible, will be shown.
If you click the right mouse button, it will show you many light
rays
emitted.
(including refraction rays and total internal reflection
rays)
Right click the mouse button twice is another way to clear the
screen.to java applet
This is an image
You can draw any thing within the animation region,
for example: the object shown in the above image.
Light emitted from the object is refracted at the water and air
interface.

The observer trace back those refracted light to find the image
of
the object.
The image appear closer to the water surface and its shape is
different
from the object.
How to determine the location of the image (yellow dot) ?
The world viewed under water is different from what we view it
above
the water surface.
Drag the observer (eye) under the water and find out more
interesting
phenomena.
Your suggestions are highly appreciated! Please click
[email protected]Author¡GFu-Kwun Hwang, Dept. of physics,
National Taiwan Normal University
Last modified :
More
physics related java applets
optics/point.classsynchronizedclass point {
static java.awt.Graphics gb;

static java.awt.Rectangle r;
static double n;
static int cnt;
double x;
double y;
double vx;
double vy;
double v;
double c;
int status;
void set(double, double, double, double);
static void init(java.awt.Graphics, java.awt.Rectangle,
double);
point advanced(double);
void point(double, double, double, double);
}
optics/prism.classpublicclass prism extends java.applet.Applet {
double time;
int xx;
int yy;
boolean rightClick;
boolean movep;
boolean dragt;
boolean dragh;
boolean dragp;
int xs;
int ys;
boolean check;

double[] C;
double PI2;
prisms p;
int chy;
int xa;
java.awt.Rectangle box;
java.awt.Point head;
java.awt.Point tail;
int N;
int n;
int N2;
double V;
ray light;
double I;
int size;
int size2;
double dist;
double angle;
double PI6;
double cta;
double ctaa;
double c2a;
double LEN;
double maxI;
int maxCnt;
int Cnt;
ABline AB;
public void init();

public void changeIndex(double);
void clear();
ray drawRay(ray);
void drawTo(ray);
ABline getTouch(ray);
public void prism();
}
optics/prisms.classclass prisms {
int N;
int N1;
java.awt.Polygon P;
int xc;
int yc;
double[] L;
double[] C;
double PI2;
ABline[] AB;
java.awt.Rectangle r;
int size;
int size2;
double ax;
double ay;
double bx;
double by;
double ac;
double dv;
double c2a;
int dragID;
void prisms(int, int, double, double);
void setXY();
void setLine(int);

void drawPrism(java.awt.Graphics, java.awt.Color);
void drawAngles(java.awt.Graphics, int, int);
double angleAB(int, int, int);
void fillPrism(java.awt.Graphics, java.awt.Color);
void translate(int, int);
boolean checkDrag(int, int);
void drag(int, int);
}
optics/prism_e.html
Prism: Reflection and refraction
This java applet let you play with a light source and a prism, to
study
the physics of light.
There are reflection and refraction occurs at the interface
between
two media.
(Total internal reflection might also occurs)
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refractive indices: air (n1)=
prism(n2)=
Do not forget to hit ENTER key
Usage:
Click the red region to change the light direction.
Click other region of light source can move the light pen to
differ
location( even inside the prism).
Click one of the corner of the prism to change the shape of
prism.
Click inside the prism to change its location.
When tracing of the light will terminated when the ray intensity
is
less than than 0.4%.
The relative intensity for each ray is shown at the boundary.
Intensity of red and green are used to represent two different

polarization.
The yellow light (sum of red light and green light) represent
equal
intensity of two polarization waves.
At Brewster's angle, only one of the polarized light is refracted,
and
other one is totally reflected.
The index of refraction for the prism is 1.5
Things to watch:
1. Total internal reflection
2. Change in light intensity
3. There might be small bugs, did you find out?Light will travel
with different speed at different media,
which cause the reflection and refraction.
For reflection: the angle of incidence is equal to angle of
reflection.
For refraction: the Snell's law govern the angle
index of refraction for media 1:
angle of incidence
index of refraction for media 2:

angle of refraction
Part of the energy is reflected and the rest propagate into new
media.
The ratio depend on incident angle and index of refraction (
refracted
angle )
EM (transverse) wave can have two polarization (perpendicular
to each other and )
The intensity is proportional
to
The intensity of electric field changed when
reflection/refraction
occurs,
where ,
So the intensity for the reflected light
is proportional to
Since the energy is conserved, so we can find out the intensity
of
refraction light.
For normal incident, both
and equal to

zero.
The coefficient are the same =
For light emit from air (n=1.) into glass (n=1.5)
The electric field scale to = (1.5-1)/(1.5+1)=0.2
So the intensity of the reflection scale to 0.22=0.04 (
4% of incident light)
So 96% light will enter the glass and only 4% of light were
reflected.
This java applet use above equations to calculate the relative
intensity
of each ray.to java applet
[email protected]Author：Fu-Kwun Hwang, Dept. of physics,
Last modified :
More
physics related java applets
optics/r12p.gif
optics/r12s.gif
optics/ray.classsynchronizedclass ray {
double x;

double y;
double cta;
double r;
double p;
boolean fromAir;
double eps;
java.awt.Color color(float);
void setAngle(int, int, int, int);
void setXY(int, int);
double intensity();
void ray(int, int);
void ray();
void ray(double, double, double, double, double, boolean);
}
optics/refraction.classpublicsynchronizedclass refraction
extends java.applet.Applet implements Runnable {
int yOffset;
double time;
String rts;
String[] STR;
int xx;
int yy;
boolean running;
Thread animThread;
long startTime;
long lastTime;
long delay;
long delta;

point p;
boolean rightClick;
int chy;
int tx;
int ty;
int yc;
int xp;
int yp;
int N;
int ray2cnt;
double n;
point[] ray;
point[] ray2;
double vw;
int size;
int size2;
public void init();
public void stop();
public void run();
void clear();
public void refraction();
}

optics/shadow.classpublicsynchronizedclass shadow extends
java.applet.Applet implements Runnable {
double time;
String rts;
String[] STR;
int xx;
int yy;
boolean running;
Thread animThread;
long startTime;
long lastTime;
long delay;
long delta;
boolean rightClick;
boolean dragr;
int chy;
int tx;
int ty;
int x0;
int y0;
int size;
int size2;
int xc;
java.awt.Rectangle s;
double m;
double b;
double x1;
double x2;

double y1;
double y2;
public void init();
public void stop();
public void run();
void clear();
public void shadow();
}
optics/shadow.html
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使用說明：

物理解說：to java applet
歡迎批評指教！電子郵件：請按 [email protected]
作者：國立台灣師範大學物理系黃福坤
最後修訂時間：
rgbColor.htmlColorsThomas Young, in the early 1800s, showed
that a broad range
of colors can be generated
by mixing three beams of light, provided their frequencies
were widely separately.
When three such beams combine to produce white light,
there are called primary colors.
There is no single unique set of these primaries, nor do they
have
to be monochromatic.
The three components (emitted by three phoshors) that generate
the whole
gamut of hues
seen on a color TV set are Red, Green, Blue.
Looking through a colored window or cloth is another story.
Yellow cloth, paper, dye, paint, and ink all selectively

absorb blue
and reflect what remains
- yellow - and that is why they appear yellow.
This java applet let you play with mixing light beams and paint
pigments.
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Click the right mouse button twice quickly to switch between
two different
modes:
ModebackgroundMixing light beamsblackMixing paint
pigmentswhite
Click left mouse button and drag one of the colored oval to
move it
around.
Enter RGB values into the text field to change the color of the
selected
oval.

The color code (RGB value) at the mouse tip are shown in
colored background.
Related Link: Director animation for mixing
color/paint
[email protected]Author¡GFu-Kwun Hwang, Dept. of physics,
Last modified :
More physics related
java applets
rgbColor_kr.html
색토마스 영(Thomas Young)은 1800년대 초에 빛의 세 개의
빛의 조합으로 이루어져 있다는 것을 보여 주었다.(이 빛은 각각의
진동수에
따라 분리된다.)
이것을 빛의 3원색(primary colors)라고 부른다. 이것은
유일 집합도 아니고, 꼭 단파장일 필요도 없다.
이 세 요소는(세 위상에 의해서 발진한) 색상의 전영역을
만든다.
우리는 칼라 TV브라운관에서 이것을 확인할 수 있다.(빨강,
녹색, 파랑)
노란옷, 종이, 페인트, 잉크 등은 모두 선택적으로
다른색은 흡수하고, 남아 있는 것(노란색)은 반사한다. 그래서 우리는
노랗게
보는 것이다.

이 자바 애플릿은 빛의 혼합과
물감의 혼합을 직접해 볼 수 있다.
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오른쪽 마우스 버튼으로 더블클릭하면, 두 모드가 서로 변환이
된다
모 드배경색빛의 혼합검은색물감의 혼합흰색
각 색깔의 타원은 왼쪽 마우스 버튼으로 드래그하여 위치를
이동시킬 수 있다.
각 타원의 색깔을 바꾸기 위해, RGB 값을 텍스트필드에 입력한다.
마우스 커서가 있는 위치의 색깔코드(RGB값)도 좌측상단에서
확인할 수 있다.
관계된 링크 : 빛과
물감의 혼합에 대한 디렉터 애니메이션
[email protected]
Author：Fu-Kwun Hwang, Dept. of physics, National Taiwan
Normal University
Translator : 신범철,

SBC물리마을
Last modified :
rgbLight.html
光色彩的疊加與塗料顏色混和
電視或電腦螢幕的各種繽紛的彩色不過是三種基本顏色光點
俗稱三原光『紅綠藍』配合強度的變化組合而成。
想知道電視或電腦所謂的三原光是如何組合成各式不同色彩的光點嗎？
當在畫紙上塗鴉時，不同顏色的顏料組合後又呈現新的色彩。
所謂三原色『紅黃藍』也可組成各種不同的色彩。
三原色中的『紅藍』色彩和三原光中的『紅藍』色光
又有什麼不同呢？
其中的關係如何呢？
以下動畫讓你玩一玩『色光的疊加』與『色彩的混和』
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使用說明：
1. 首先你看到的是黑色背景光線的疊加。
三原光『紅綠藍』各以電腦螢幕所顯示的方式出現。
兩種光線重疊的部份則顯示出另三種不同的色光。
三光線完全重疊處則呈現白色。
一般電腦常將三基本光線強度分為 256種等級。
最弱為 0 最強則為255。則可以有
28*28*28 =
224 = 16M (1M約為一百萬）種組合。
當滑鼠在動畫區內移動時，上方紅綠藍方塊區域內會顯示
滑鼠所在位置對應電腦光點的 RGB數值。
以滑鼠左鍵分別點選任一色光（點沒有重疊處會較清楚知道選的是誰）
上方 R G B 的空格會分別顯示所點選色光紅綠藍 RGB 分別的強度
你也可以輸入其他數值 (0-255間) 以更改動畫中的色光顏色。
觀察組合結果有何不同！各種不同的組合將夠你好好的玩一下！
你能發現疊加處的 RGB數值和個別色光RGB數值間的關係嗎？
2. 點選色光時若按住滑鼠且移動滑鼠鍵則可以改變該色光的位置。
3. 若快速按滑鼠右鍵兩次，則背景將改為白色，動畫轉成顏料的混和。

此時我所挑選的三原色和原來的三原光有何特殊的關係？
同時注意比較
三原色的混和區、三原光
三原光的疊加區、三原色
發現其間的關係了嗎？
顏色的混和時上面顯示的RGB數值又是怎樣的關係呢？
不同波長所對應約略的 RGB 數值
物理提示：
光線可以直接射入眼中或經過反射後進入眼中。
塗料的顏色是光線照射到塗料後，部份光線被吸收，
反射的光線則進入眼中後呈現所看到的色彩。（類似於濾光片）
例如：紅色的顏料會吸收日光中大部份的綠光與藍光，
僅剩下紅光較能反射出來，因此看到紅色。
黑紙則幾乎吸收所有的入射光線。（並不見得完全吸收）
相關網頁你所看到的色彩電燈泡的物理
歡迎批評指教！電子郵件：請按
[email protected]作者：國立台灣師範大學物理系黃福坤最後修訂時間：
ripple.html
波的干涉

以下是兩組同心圓用以表示波動的波前。
是否觀察到有一些條紋的錯覺呢？
那些條紋與波動的建設性干涉處是否相關呢？
使用說明：
在區域內按下滑鼠左鍵將顯示兩波源分別到滑鼠的距離（以波長為單位）。
在同一道條紋內兩波源間的距離差有何特殊之處呢？
按下滑鼠右鍵後拖動滑鼠則可以移動其中一個波源的位置。
好好的玩一玩同時觀察其中的規律性！
fkhSprite.classsynchronizedclass fkhSprite extends
java.awt.Rectangle {
staticfinal double PI2 = 1.5707963267948966;
int[] pix;
int index;
int color;
void init(int, int, int, int);
void init(int, int, int, int, java.awt.Color);
void setColor(java.awt.Color);
void setColor(int);
void transparent(java.awt.Color);
void eraseBackground(java.awt.Color);
void fillOval();
void Circles(int, java.awt.Color);
void fkhSprite(int, int);
void fkhSprite(int, int, int, int);
void fkhSprite(int, int, int, int, java.awt.Color);

void fkhSprite(int, int, int, int, java.awt.Image);
}
fkhStage.classsynchronizedclass fkhStage extends fkhSprite {
staticfinal int COPY = 0;
staticfinal int OR = 1;
staticfinal int AND = 2;
int Npts;
int count;
java.util.Vector objs;
boolean changed;
java.awt.Rectangle tmp;
int id;
fkhSprite sprite;
int mode;
void makeClone();
void dirty();
boolean isDirty();
void clean();
public int which(int, int);
public void Drag(int, int, int);
fkhSprite addImage(int, int, int, int, java.awt.Image,
java.awt.Color);
fkhSprite fillOval(int, int, int, int, java.awt.Color);
void drawCircuits(int, int, int, int, java.awt.Color);
void flush();
void setMode(int);
int getColor(int, int);
void operate(fkhSprite, int);
void fkhStage(int, int);
}
image.classpublicsynchronizedclass image extends

static boolean free;
int yOffset;
double time;
double ts;
boolean running;
boolean rightClick;
boolean dragging;
int xs;
int ys;
int id;
int chy;
fkhStage stage;
java.awt.Image img;
int xc;
int yc;
int dr;
int xx;
int yy;
int size;
int size2;
int xp;
int yp;
double r1;
double r2;
public void init();
public void reset(boolean);

void clear();
public void image();
}
rgbLight.classpublicsynchronizedclass rgbLight extends
staticfinal int PAINT = 1;
staticfinal int LIGHT = 0;
int yOffset;
java.awt.TextField[] tf;
java.awt.Label lbr;
java.awt.Label lbg;
java.awt.Label lbb;
java.awt.Label ltype;
String rts;
String[] STR;
boolean rightClick;
boolean dragging;
int xs;
int ys;
int id;
int chy;

fkhStage stage;
fkhSprite[] OBJ;
java.awt.Image img;
int xc;
int yc;
int dr;
int xx;
int yy;
int size;
int size2;
java.awt.Color[] clr1;
java.awt.Color[] clr2;
java.awt.Color[] clr;
int mode;
int N;
int xp;
int yp;
double r1;
double r2;
public void init();
int cValue(java.awt.TextField);
void showValue();
public boolean mouseMove(java.awt.Event, int, int);
void showRGB(int, int);
void setMode(int);
void clear();
public void rgbLight();
}

ripple.classpublicsynchronizedclass ripple extends
int yOffset;
double time;
double ts;
boolean rightClick;
boolean dragging;
int xs;
int ys;
int chy;
fkhStage stage;
java.awt.Image img;
int xc;
int yc;
int dr;
int xx;
int yy;
int size;
int size2;
int xp;
int yp;
double r1;
double r2;
public void init();

void clear();
public void ripple();
}
back.gif
rgb.gif
index.html
標題
起頭
使用說明：
物理解說：
rgbLight.javargbLight.javaimport java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
import java.util.*;
publicclass rgbLight extends java.applet.Applet{// implements
Runnable{
int yOffset=40;
Dimension area;

Image bgImage,fgImage;
Graphics gb,g;//background drawing
// Color bgColor=Color.cyan;//white;//cyan;//lightGray;
// String tfl[]={"R","G","B"};
TextField tf[]=newTextField[3];
Label lbr,lbg,lbb,ltype;
String rts,STR[]={"R","G","B","MSG1","MSG2"};
Color bgColor=newColor(0xC8,0xDF,0xD0);
publicvoid init(){
for(int i=0;i<STR.length;i++){
if((rts=getParameter(STR[i]))!=null)
STR[i]=newString(rts);
}
setBackground(bgColor);
Panel p=newPanel();
p.add(ltype=newLabel(STR[3]+" "));
p.add(lbr=newLabel(" "));
lbr.setBackground(Color.red);
p.add(lbg=newLabel(" "));
lbg.setBackground(Color.green);
p.add(lbb=newLabel(" "));
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
p.add(newLabel(STR[i]));
p.add(tf[i]=newTextField(2));
}
lbb.setBackground(Color.blue);
lbb.setForeground(Color.white);
add("North",p);
area=size();
clear();
}
publicboolean action(Event ev,Object arg){
if(id!=-1&& ev.target instanceofTextField){
try{
Color c=newColor(cValue(tf[0]),cValue(tf[1]),cValue(tf[2]));
clr[id]=c;

OBJ[id].setColor(c);
stage.dirty();
repaint();
}catch(NumberFormatException e){
showValue();
}
}
returntrue;
}
int cValue(TextField t){
int value=(int)Integer.parseInt(t.getText())%256;
t.setText(String.valueOf(value));
return value;
}
String d2String(double value){
float f=(float)((int)(value*10.)/10.);
String str=String.valueOf(f);
if(str.indexOf(".")==-1)str+=".0";
return str;
}
boolean rightClick=false,dragging=false;
int xs,ys,id;
publicboolean mouseDown(Event e,int x,int y){
if((y-=yOffset)<0)returnfalse;
if(e.modifiers==Event.META_MASK){//"Right Click, ";
rightClick=true;
if(e.clickCount==2){
if(mode==LIGHT)setMode(PAINT);
else setMode(LIGHT);
for(int i=0;i<N;i++)OBJ[i].setColor(clr[i]);
repaint();
showRGB(x, y);
}
}else{
rightClick=false;
dragging=true;

id=stage.which(x,y);
showValue();
}
xs=x;
ys=y;
returntrue;
}
void showValue(){
if(id!=-1)for(int i=0;i<STR.length;i++){
tf[0].setText(String.valueOf(clr[id].getRed()));
tf[1].setText(String.valueOf(clr[id].getGreen()));
tf[2].setText(String.valueOf(clr[id].getBlue()));
}
}
publicboolean mouseDrag(Event e,int x,int y){
if(!free ||(y-=yOffset)<0)returnfalse;
if(dragging){
stage.Drag(id,x-xs,y-ys);
xx+=x-xs;
yy+=y-ys;
repaint();
showRGB(x, y);
}
xs=x;
ys=y;
returntrue;
}
publicboolean mouseUp(Event e,int x,int y){
dragging=false;
returntrue;
}
publicboolean mouseMove(Event e,int x,int y){
if(dragging ||(y-=yOffset)<0)returnfalse;
showRGB(x,y);
returntrue;

}
void showRGB(int x,int y){
int value=stage.getColor(x,y);
Color c;
if(value==0)c=clr[3];
else c=newColor(value);
//clb.setText("("+c.getRed()+","+c.getGreen()+","+c.getBlue()+
")");
lbr.setText(String.valueOf(c.getRed()));
lbg.setText(String.valueOf(c.getGreen()));
lbb.setText(String.valueOf(c.getBlue()));
}
FontMetrics fm;
int chy;
fkhStage stage;
fkhSprite OBJ[]=new fkhSprite[3];
Image img;
int xc,yc,dr=6,xx,yy;
int size=2,size2=2*size;
Color clr1[]={Color.red,Color.green,Color.blue,Color.black};
Color clr2[]={Color.cyan,Color.magenta,Color.yellow,Color.wh
ite};
Color clr[];
finalstaticint PAINT=1,LIGHT=0;
int mode,N=OBJ.length;
void setMode(int newmode){
mode=newmode;
if(newmode==LIGHT){
clr=clr1;
stage.setMode(fkhStage.OR);
ltype.setText(STR[3]);
}else{
clr=clr2;
stage.setMode(fkhStage.AND);
ltype.setText(STR[4]);
}

gb.setColor(clr[N]);
gb.fillRect(0,0, area.width, area.height);
// gb.setColor(cs);
// gb.drawString(msg,5,chy);
}
void clear(){
if(g==null){
bgImage = createImage(area.width, area.height);
gb = bgImage.getGraphics();
fgImage = createImage(area.width, area.height);
g = fgImage.getGraphics();
fm=gb.getFontMetrics();
chy=fm.getHeight();
stage=new fkhStage(area.width,area.height);
xc=area.width/2;
yc=area.height/2;
//mode=LIGHT;
setMode(LIGHT);
// g.setColor(Color.red);
// g.fillOval(25,25,200,100);
// g.setColor(Color.yellow);
// g.fillOval(50,50,50,50);
// OBJ[0]=stage.addImage(5,5,200,100,fgImage,bgColor);
OBJ[0]=stage.fillOval(5,5,200,100,clr[0]);
OBJ[1]=stage.fillOval(xc,5,200,100,clr[1]);
OBJ[2]=stage.fillOval(xc-75,140,150,150,clr[2]);
}
// repaint();
}
publicvoid paint(Graphics gs){
update(gs);
}
staticboolean free=true;
int xp,yp;
double r1,r2;
publicvoid update(Graphics gs){

free=false;
g.drawImage(bgImage,0,0,this);
if(stage.isDirty()){
stage.flush();
img=createImage(newMemoryImageSource(stage.tmp.w
idth, stage.tmp.height, stage.pix,0, stage.tmp.width));
}
if(img!=null)g.drawImage(img,stage.tmp.x,stage.tmp.y,this);
gs.drawImage(fgImage,0, yOffset,this);
free=true;
}
}
ripple.javaripple.javaimport java.awt.*;
import java.util.*;
publicclass ripple extends java.applet.Applet{
int yOffset=0;
double time=0.0,ts=0.;
Dimension area;
Image bgImage,fgImage;
Graphics gb,g;//background drawing
// Color bgColor=Color.cyan;//lightGray;
Color bgColor=newColor(0xC8,0xDF,0xD0);
publicvoid init(){
setBackground(bgColor);
area=size();
clear();
}
String d2String(double value){
float f=(float)((int)(value*10.)/10.);

String str=String.valueOf(f);
if(str.indexOf(".")==-1)str+=".0";
return str;
}
boolean rightClick=false,dragging=false;
int xs,ys;
publicboolean mouseDown(Event e,int x,int y){
if(e.modifiers==Event.META_MASK){//"Right Click, ";
rightClick=true;
dragging=true;
}else{
rightClick=false;
repaint();
}
xs=x;
ys=y;
returntrue;
}
publicboolean mouseDrag(Event e,int x,int y){
if(!free ||(y-=yOffset)<0)returnfalse;
if(dragging){
xx+=x-xs;
yy+=y-ys;
repaint();
}
xs=x;
ys=y;
returntrue;
}
publicboolean mouseUp(Event e,int x,int y){
dragging=false;
returntrue;
}

FontMetrics fm;
int chy;
fkhStage stage;
Image img;
int xc,yc,dr=6,xx,yy;
int size=2,size2=2*size;
void clear(){
if(g==null){
bgImage = createImage(area.width, area.height);
gb = bgImage.getGraphics();
fgImage = createImage(area.width, area.height);
g = fgImage.getGraphics();
fm=gb.getFontMetrics();
chy=fm.getHeight();
stage=new fkhStage(area.width,area.height);
xc=area.width/2;
yc=area.height/2;
xs=xc+12*dr;
ys=yc-20*dr;
}
gb.setColor(bgColor);
gb.fillRect(0,0, area.width, area.height);
Color clr=Color.darkGray;
gb.setColor(clr);//Color.black);
for(int i=0,xi=xc-dr,yi=yc-dr,dx=2*dr;xi>0;xi-=dr,yi-
=dr,dx+=2*dr)
gb.drawOval(xi,yi,dx,dx);
gb.setColor(Color.red);
gb.fillOval(xc-size,yc-size,size2,size2);
stage.drawCircuits(area.width,area.height,xc,xc/dr,clr);//C
olor.black);//magenta);//red);
xx=6*dr;
if(stage.isDirty()){
stage.flush();
img=createImage(newMemoryImageSource(stage.tmp.w
idth, stage.tmp.height, stage.pix,0, stage.tmp.width));

}
}
publicvoid paint(Graphics gs){
update(gs);
}
staticboolean free=true;
int xp,yp;
double r1,r2;
publicvoid update(Graphics gs){
free=false;
g.drawImage(bgImage,0,0,this);
if(img!=null)g.drawImage(img,xx,yy,this);
xp=xx+xc+1;
yp=yy+yc;
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.fillOval(xp-size,yp-size,size2,size2);
if(!dragging){
g.setColor(Color.blue);//yellow);
// g.drawLine(xp,yp,xc,yc);
g.drawLine(xc,yc,xs,ys);
g.drawLine(xp,yp,xs,ys);
r2=Math.sqrt((xp-xs)*(xp-xs)+(yp-ys)*(yp-ys))/dr;
r1=Math.sqrt((xc-xs)*(xc-xs)+(yc-ys)*(yc-ys))/dr;
g.drawString("r1 = "+d2String(r1)+", r2 = "+d2String(r
2)+
", r1-r2 = "+d2String(r1-r2),10,chy);
}
gs.drawImage(fgImage,0, yOffset,this);
free=true;
}
}
fkhStage.javafkhStage.javaimport java.awt.*;

import java.util.*;
class fkhStage extends fkhSprite{
intNpts,count;
Vector objs=newVector();
boolean changed=false;
fkhStage(int w,int h){
super(w,h);
}
Rectangle tmp;
void makeClone(){
tmp=(Rectangle)objs.elementAt(0);
for(int i=1;i<count;i++)
tmp=tmp.union((Rectangle)objs.elementAt(i));
tmp=intersection(tmp);
pix=newint[tmp.width*tmp.height];
}
void dirty(){
changed=true;
}
boolean isDirty(){
return changed;
}
void clean(){
changed=false;
}
int id=-1;
fkhSprite sprite;
publicint which(int xi,int yi){
id=-1;
for(int i=0;i<count;i++){
sprite=(fkhSprite)objs.elementAt(i);
if(sprite.inside(xi,yi)){
id=i;
break;
}

}
return id;
}
publicvoidDrag(int i,int dx,int dy){
if(id!=-1){
sprite.x+=dx;
sprite.y+=dy;
dirty();
}
}
fkhSprite addImage(int xi,int yi,int w,int h,Image img,Color
bgColor){
fkhSprite member=new fkhSprite(xi,yi,w,h,img);
member.eraseBackground(bgColor);//transparent
objs.addElement(member);
dirty();
return member;
}
fkhSprite fillOval(int xi,int yi,int w,int h,Color c){
fkhSprite member=new fkhSprite(xi,yi,w,h,c);
member.fillOval();
dirty();
return member;
}
void drawCircuits(int w,int h,int ri,int N,Color c){
fkhSprite member=new fkhSprite(0,0,w,h);
member.Circles(ri/N,c);
dirty();
}
void flush(){
count=objs.size();
if(changed)makeClone();
elsereturn;
// if(objs==null)return;

operate((fkhSprite)objs.elementAt(0),COPY);
if(count>0)for(int i=1;i<count;i++){
operate((fkhSprite)objs.elementAt(i),mode);
}
clean();
}
int mode=OR;// or and
finalstaticint COPY=0,OR=1,AND=2;
void setMode(int newmode){
mode=newmode;
dirty();
}
int getColor(int dx,int dy){
if(tmp!=null&& inside(dx-=tmp.x,dy-
=tmp.y))return pix[dy*tmp.width+dx];
elsereturn0;
}
void operate(fkhSprite src,int mode){
int dd,id,xmin=0,xmax=src.width,ymin=0,ymax=src.height;
int id0,xmin0=0,xmax0=tmp.width,ymin0=0,ymax0=tmp.height;
int[] pixs=src.pix;
if(src.x>tmp.x) xmin0=src.x-tmp.x;
else xmin=tmp.x-src.x;
if(src.x+src.width>tmp.x+tmp.width)xmax=tmp.x+tmp.width-
src.x;
else xmax0=src.x+src.width-tmp.x;
if(src.y>tmp.y) ymin0=src.y-tmp.y;
else ymin=tmp.y-src.y;
if(src.y+src.height>tmp.y+tmp.height)ymax=tmp.y+tmp.height-
src.y;
else ymax0=src.y+src.height-tmp.y;
dd=(ymin0-ymin)*tmp.width+xmin0;
switch(mode){
case COPY:
for(int i=ymin;i<ymax;i++){

id0=i*tmp.width+dd;
id=i*src.width+xmin;
for(int j=xmin;j<xmax;j++){
pix[id0++]= pixs[id++];
// if(pixs[id]!=0)pix[id0++] =pixs[id++] ;
}
}
break;
case OR:
id0=i*tmp.width+dd;
for(int j=xmin;j<xmax;j++){
pix[id0++]|= pixs[id++];
}
}
break;
case AND:
id0=i*tmp.width+dd;
for(int j=xmin;j<xmax;j++,id0++,id++){
if(pix[id0]==0) pix[id0]= pixs[id];
elseif(pixs[id]!=0)pix[id0]&= pixs[id];
}
}
break;
}
}
}
class fkhSprite extendsRectangle{
int[] pix;
int index,color=0;
fkhSprite(int w,int h){
x=y=0;

width=w;
height=h;
}
fkhSprite(int xi,int yi,int w,int h){
init(xi,yi,w,h);
}
fkhSprite(int xi,int yi,int w,int h,Color c){
init(xi,yi,w,h,c);
}
/* How to use this
Image img=createImage(width,height); // in applets
Graphics g=sprite.getGraphic();
g.setColor(Color.yellow); g.fillOval(x,y,w,h);//drawing work
s
fkhSprite sprite=new fkhSprite(x,y,w,h,img);
*/
fkhSprite(int xi,int yi,int w,int h,Image img){
init(xi,yi,w,h);
PixelGrabber pg =newPixelGrabber(img, x, y, w, h, pix,0, w);
try{
pg.grabPixels();
}catch(InterruptedException e){
System.err.println("interrupted waiting for pixels!");
return;
}
}
void init(int xi,int yi,int w,int h){
x=xi;
y=yi;
width=w;
height=h;
pix=newint[w*h];
}
void init(int xi,int yi,int w,int h,Color c){
init(xi,yi,w,h);
index=0;

color=c.getRGB();
for(int i=0;i<height;i++)
for(int j=0;j<width;j++)pix[index++]=color;
}
void setColor(Color c){
setColor(c.getRGB());
}
void setColor(int value){
int N=width*height;
for(int i=0;i<N;i++)
if(pix[i]!=0)pix[i]=value;
}
void transparent(Color bgColor){
int value=bgColor.getRGB();
int N=width*height,code=0xFFFFFF;
if(pix[i]==value)pix[i]&=code;
}
void eraseBackground(Color bgColor){
int value=bgColor.getRGB();
int N=width*height;
if(pix[i]==value)pix[i]=0;
}
void fillOval(){
double w=width/2.,h=height/2.,w2=w*w,h2=h*h;
int wi=(int)w,hi=(int)h,ww=width-1,hh=height-1,
dd=hh*width;
for(int i=0;i<hi;i++){
for(int j=0;j<wi;j++){
if((i-h)*(i-h)/h2+(j-w)*(j-w)/w2>1.){
index=i*width;
pix[index+j]=0;
pix[index+ww-j]=0;
index=dd-index;
pix[index+j]=0;

pix[index+ww-j]=0;
}elsebreak;
}
}
}
finalstaticdouble PI2=Math.PI/2.;
voidCircles(int dr,Color clr){
double dc,cmax;
int xc=width/2,yc=height/2,r;
int xx,yy,color=clr.getRGB(),id0=yc*width+xc,id;
intNmax=width*height;
for(r=dr;r<xc;r+=dr){
dc=1./r;
cmax=PI2*r+dc;
for(double c=0.;c<PI2;c+=dc){
xx=(int)(r*Math.cos(c));
yy=(int)(r*Math.sin(c));
//if(xx<xc && yy<yc){
if((id=id0+yy*width+xx)<Nmax){
pix[id]=color;
pix[id-=2*xx]=color;
if((id-=2*yy*width)>0){
pix[id]=color;
pix[id+=2*xx]=color;
}
}
}
}
}
}
Prism: Reflection and Refraction

Web Site:
http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/java/optics/prism_e.html
Introduction:
This Java applet let you play with a light source and a prism, to
study the physics of light.
Both reflection and refraction occur at the interface between
two media. (Even total internal reflection might also occur.)
Light will travel with different speed through different media,
which will result in both reflection and refraction.
For reflection: the angle of incidence is equal to angle of
reflection.
For refraction: Snell's law governs the angle
index of refraction for media 1 = n1; angle of incidence = 1
index of refraction for media 2 = n2; angle of refraction = 2
Snell’s Law: n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2
Part of the energy is reflected and the rest propagate into new
media. This ratio depends on incident angle and index of
refraction (refracted angle).
Usage of this Applet:
Click the red region to change the light direction.
Click another region of light source and you can move the light
pen to different locations (even inside the prism).
Click one of the corner of the prism to change the shape of

prism.
Click inside the prism to change its location.
When tracing of the light will terminate when the ray intensity
is less than 0.4%.
The relative intensity for each ray is shown at the boundary.
The index of refraction for the prism is initially set at 1.5
Instructions:
2. Establish a new prism shape if you want, but keep it
generally the shape of what was is displayed at the start of this
experiment.
3. Change the index of refraction of the prism (n2) from 1.5
to 1.0 in increments of 0.1. Sketch the light rays for each value
of the index of refraction.
4. Reset the prism’s index of refraction (n2) back to 1.5.
5. For three different angles of incidence (either change the
shape of the prism, or move the light source around), use a
protractor to measure the angle of incidence of the light ray and
the corresponding angle of refraction. (Remember that both of
these angles are measured from the “normal”, i.e., the line
perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence.)
6. Record your data, and compare your results to Snell’s Law.
(Assume that the angle of incidence is measured correctly, and
compare the angles of refraction.)

7. List all sources of error (and there should be plenty of
them).
8. Finally, write the report with your favorite word processor
or text editor and submit is to the instructor.
your lab report.
offered.

How to Allow Java Applets for physics labsWindows 7Ope.docx

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