The document discusses measuring real estate values in Manhattan neighborhoods. It introduces the concept that properties closer together will have more similar values (Tobler's First Law of Geography). It describes analyzing how real estate prices and rents vary between districts and exploring the relationship between property values and factors like population, land use, overcrowding, and ethnicity through clustering analysis and seeking evidence. The goal is to better understand what "close" means in terms of measuring neighborhood similarity and its impact on housing values in New York City.

1. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Carmelo M. Torre Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Polytechnic of Bari torre@poliba.it

2. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Introduction: a question of Identity - a question of distances Measuring values of housing property in New York The use of fuzzy clustering Concluding remarks

3. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Introduction: a question of Identity - a question of distances Tobler: the most close, the most similar value

4. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Introduction: a question of Identity - a question of distances Tobler: the most close, the most similar value What does it means “close”?

5. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Introduction: a question of Identity - a question of distances Tobler: the most close, the most similar value LET’S WALK in MANHATTAN What does it means “close”?

6. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Introduction: a question of Identity - a question of distances Tobler: the most close, the most similar value LET’S WALK in MANHATTAN What does it means “close”?

7. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Introduction: a question of Identity - a question of distances Tobler: the most close, the most similar value LET’S WALK in MANHATTAN What does it means “close”?

8. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Introduction: a question of Identity - a question of distances Tobler: the most close, the most similar value LET’S WALK in MANHATTAN What does it means “close”?

9. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Variation of Real Estate Values (Prices andrents) Districts

10. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Variation of Real Estate Values (Prices andrents) Districts

11. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Variation of Real Estate Values (Prices andrents) Districts

12. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Semanticdistance (based on Munda, and on Minkovsky)

13. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Seekingfor some Evidence Euclideandistance Betweennumbers Crispvalutaion SemanticDistance Betweenfunctions Fuzzyvalutaion Population Landuse Clustering Vacanthousingunits and real estate

14. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Variation of Real Estate Values (Prices andrents) Districts

15. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan

16. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan

17. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Some Evidence

18. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Some Evidence Real estate value versus Owercrowding

19. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Some Evidence Real estate value versus Ethnicity

20. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Correlation Seekingfor some Evidence

21. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Seekingfor some Evidence

22. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Seekingfor some Evidence ethnic Estate value Housing Estate plus value Ф veryclose Some evidence

23. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Seekingfor some Evidence

24. How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan Grazie!