This document discusses the three main drivers for building brand equity: choice of brand elements, product/service marketing activities, and associations. It provides examples like Nike's swoosh logo and slogan. Brand equity is measured using a brand value chain and reinforced or revitalized over time by understanding the source of existing equity and deciding whether to retain or modify positioning. Holistic marketing programs from J&J and leveraging secondary associations are discussed as ways to build equity through linking brands to other meaningful information. The importance of internal branding to inform employees is also mentioned.