This document discusses how hospitals bill for outpatient cancer care and the results of a study analyzing billing data from 3,500 hospitals. The study found that some outpatient cancer centers bill fairly while others engage in unjustified price markups, charging 2.3 to 4.1 times more than Medicare allowable amounts for services like lab tests, chemotherapy infusion, radiation, and PET scans. The document argues for more price transparency to protect cancer patients from unexpected medical costs at a vulnerable time.