For most us mobile phone is part of our life but I am sure your curious mind has always instructed by such question how mobile phone makes call , why are different generation of mobile comincation . lets explore the technology behind mobile communication .

1. How does your
mobile phone
works
How to locate friends
tower?
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3. For most us mobile phone is part of our life but I am sure your curious
mind has always instructed by such question how mobile phone makes
call , why are different generation of mobile comincation . lets explore
the technology behind mobile communication .
Lets explore the technology behind mobile communication .

5. When you speak in your phone your voice is picked by
your phone microphone

6. The microphone turns your voice to digital signal with
the help of mama sensor and IC

7. the digital voice contains your voice in the
form of 0 and 1

8. antenna inside the phone receives this 0 and 1

9. antenna inside the phone receives this 0 and 1 transmit in
the form of electro mahnetic wave.

10. Electro magnetic wave transmit 0 and 1 by altering the wave
characterstics , such as amplitude , frequency phase(combination
of this) e.g. in case of frequency 0 and 1 transmited by low and
high frequency respectively.

11. So if you can find the way transmit this electro magnetic wave
to your friends phone , you will be established a call

12. However electromagnetic wave are incapable of transmiting
long distance , they lose their strength due to the presence of
physical objects , electrical equipment and some
environmental factor

13. In fact there is no such issue even then electro magnetic wave would not carry for
ever due to the earth curved structure .

14. To overcome this issue call tower would introuduced using the concept of
cellular technology

15. In cellular technology a geographic area divided in to hexagonal cell

16. With each cell having their own tower and frequency slot

17. Generally cell towers connected through wires

18. more specifically optical fiber cable , these optical fiber cables are laid under the
ground or the ocean to provide national or international connection .

19. The electro magnetic wave produced by your phone picked up by the tower in your cell

20. convert them into high frequency light posses

21. this light posses carried by the base transceiver box located at a base of the tower
for further signal process

22. After processing your voice signal is transfer to the destination tower a pan
receive in the possess

23. the destination tower radiates outward in the form of electromagnetic wave

24. The destination tower radiates outward in the form of electromagnetic wave and your
friends phone receive the signal

25. This signal undergoes process and your friend hear your voice

26. So it is true that mobile phone communication is not entayerly wireless , their due use wire
medium too , this how mobile communication carried out , however there is a big issue we
inteionally left on answerd . mobile communication is only successful when your tower
transfers signal to your friends tower

27. How to locate your friends tower?

28. While this process the cell tower gets help from the Mobile swiching center the
centeral point of goup of cell tower

29. before moving further lets explain more information about mobile swiching center
(MSC) when you purchase simcard all subscription information is registerd in specified
(MSC) this MSC will be your home msc

30. The home MSC stores information such as service plans , your current location and your
activity status

31. if you move outside the range of your home MSC the new MSC will
serve instead foregin MSC

32. As you enter the foregin MSC region it communicates with home msc in short your home
MSC always knows which MSC area you are in to understand which cell location
subscriber area is with in the MSC area

33. The MSC uses a few techniques

34. Update the scriber location after a certain period , when the phone crosses
predefined number of towers location update is again done.

35. The last one of this is when the phone turns on

36. Lets try to understand all of this procedure with in examples Suppose emma call to john

37. when Emma dials john number the call request arrive Emma home msc

38. upon receives john number the request will be forwarded to john home msc

39. now john msc checks his current MSC , if john is in his home MSc the call request
immediately sent to his current cell location and checks whether john engaged or an
other call or if his mobile swiched off if everything is positive john phone rings and the call
will be connected

40. However if john not in his home MSC , john MSC simply forward the call request to
foregin msc , the foreign MSC will follow the previous procedure to locate john phone
and will be established call

41. now lets discuss why the frequency spectrum is quite important in mobile phone
communication to transefer 0 and 1 and digital communication each subscriber
allocated frequency range , however the frequency spectrum available for cellular
communication quite limited and there are billion of subscriber , this issue solved by the
help of two technologies

42. In this technique d/nt slot frequency carefully allocated in d/nt cell tower

43. In this technique the frequency slot is effcently distributed among all of the active user in
the cell area

44. Now the big question why are d/nt generation of mobile phone technologies

45. 1G originally for the first time to carry a phone with out cable attached it but 1G is
sufferd from 2 major problems
1.The wirels transmitter was in analog format, analog signal easily turned by external
source cell provided poor voice quality and poor security
2. Use the frequency division multiple access technique which use the available
spectrum in effeicent way this factor pays the wave for the second generation of
mobile phone

46. 2G use multiple access technique digital technology namely Code Divison Multiple
Access or Time Division Access the second generation also introduce reveolutionary data
service and sms , internet browsing

47. 3G technology also focused on giving higher data transfer speed , it uses Wideband Code
Division Mulitiple Access technigue along with increase bandwidth to achive this the 3g
data speed 2mbps allow us to transfer data for uses GPS, Video , voice call etc.
3G was a huge step transformation of basic phone to smart phone

48. 4G it data speed 20-100mbs this was suitable for high resolution movie and television,
this higher speed made possible due to Orthogonal Frequency division Multiple Access
or Multiple in put multiple out put uses multiple transmitter receiver antenna inside both
the mobile phone towers

49. The next generation mobile communication 5G to be rolled out soon will use in hand
maimo technology mili meter waves . it provides seamless connectivity to support the
internet of things such as driverless cars and smart home.

50. Thank you