Homework Assignment 1 Please read Chapter 1. Then please answer the following essay questions. Each essay question should be at least one page in length, double spaced, one inch margins, 12 pt. font, Times New Roman, APA Format and must include both citations and references. Essays: How is policing different in a free democratic society as opposed to a totalitarian society? Why is the rule of law important for policing in a democracy? The police system in the United States is very fragmented. Do you think this is a positive or negative feature? Why? Module 1 CRJ 307: Police, Society, and Community Service Module 1 Chapter 1 Summary Chapter 1 focuses on the police and their role in a democracy. The form of government may dictate the activities and behaviors of the police. A democracy is concerned with the rights and freedoms granted to individuals. These rights and freedoms are outlined in constitutions. Also included in these constitutions are the duties and limitations of the government. The police, as representatives of the executive branch of government, must abide by these limitations. This will act as a system of checks and balances that prohibit those with power from abusing it. In order to be successful, a democratic government is based upon a consensus. However, it is the police that must respond when the consensus fails. In an odd way, the police exist because we realize that our democratic form of government is going to fail sometimes. If someone takes the property of another, we rely upon the police to return our property and punish the individual who took it. The police also exist to remind us that, although we have freedom, it is not an absolute freedom. There are limitations on that freedom. Sometimes the police offer this reminder at a time when we would prefer not to be reminded (e.g., a traffic ticket or arrest). In the United States, the laws may be categorized as civil law, criminal law, substantive law, and procedural law. Civil law addresses the interactions between individuals. Criminal law is concerned with the relationship between the individual and government. Substantive laws outline the behaviors that are required of or prohibited to the individual. The procedural laws define how the police are to enforce the substantive laws. Some of the procedural laws are also found in the amendments to the U.S. Constitution. The amendments state what the police (government) can and cannot do. They exist to regulate the behavior of the police, not the citizen. Because of the events of September 11, 2001, the priorities for American law enforcement changed. Counterterrorism and homeland security became top priorities. Federal agencies came to the forefront of law enforcement. State and local police have always had the primary responsibilities for law enforcement and crime control. In the United States there are four basic types of policing. The citizen-police officer comes into play when a common citizen makes an arrest f.