The document discusses social changes to the traditional Nordic family institutional model. It notes that families are increasingly diverse, with divorced couples remarrying and children having custody agreements between multiple parents. It questions whether the Nordic welfare and equality policies fully support all types of modern families. The document examines how the family model has become more interconnected and less dependent on traditional gender roles, with policies aimed at equal rights and responsibilities for both parents.
Throughout my research, I have found that Low wages, unemployment, low income families’ high expenses are the major reasons which creates problem of finance and that lead poverty
In the field of social protection, Poland belongs to the EU group of countries with the familybased welfare model, what is extremely visible for the long-term care where family is the main care provider for elderly individuals with limitations in activities of daily living. At the same time the proportion of elderly in the coming decades is projected to be among the highest in the European Union, what raises questions on the design of the long-term care. For the moment the system is highly unregulated and disintegrated between social assistance and health care services. But it is the health sector that concentrates policy debate with a proposal of an introduction of nursing insurance. In the social sector, the significant changes that were favorable to LTC services development were introduced by the
law on the social assistance (2004) and family benefits (2003) widening the scope of care available at home and in adult day care centers. But still provision of services is insufficient and a market of private services, paid out-of-pocket rapidly develops. It seems that main problems of the long-term care development in the future will be raising demand against insufficient resources and diversified priorities of the health care system.
Authored by: Stanislawa Golinowska
Published in 2010
Vincent Demers is seeking an opportunity for an electrical apprenticeship. He has experience working summers in trades such as electrical co-ops and has training in areas like manlift operation and fall arrest. He highlights strengths like a good attitude, ability to learn, not being afraid of challenges, and not quitting easily. He is available to start immediately upon giving notice to his current employer.
Steigern Sie Ihren Umsatz - mit dem perfekten Zahlungsartenmix für Ihren Onli...UNIVERSUM Group
Über Erfolg oder Mißerfolg eines Onlineshops entscheiden viele Faktoren - unter anderem die zur Verfügung stehenden Zahlungsarten.
Kann ein Kunde nicht auf die von ihm gewünschte Art und Weise bezahlen, ist er schnell bei der Konkurrenz. Die Auswahl der richtigen, für die jeweilige Zielgruppe passenden Zahlungsarten ist daher essentiell.
Sprchen Sie mit unseren Payment-Experten und erfahren Sie mehr unter
http://www.universum-group.de/loesungen/flexipay-ecommerce-loesungen/zahlungsarten/
Why are those who should ostensibly know better so frequently and spectacularly wrong? Why are expert predictions basically coin flips? Here's the talk
This document is a curriculum vitae for Karuna Joshi, who has an MBA in HR and Marketing. She is currently a Sales Executive at Atul Ltd in Delhi, Noida, and surrounding areas, where she is responsible for meeting with architects and consultants, targeting industries and converting leads to orders, and handling various projects. Previously, she worked as a Business Development Executive at Alstrong Enterprises India Pvt Ltd. She is looking to obtain a position that will allow her to utilize her initiative, capabilities, and contribute to an organization.
Throughout my research, I have found that Low wages, unemployment, low income families’ high expenses are the major reasons which creates problem of finance and that lead poverty
In the field of social protection, Poland belongs to the EU group of countries with the familybased welfare model, what is extremely visible for the long-term care where family is the main care provider for elderly individuals with limitations in activities of daily living. At the same time the proportion of elderly in the coming decades is projected to be among the highest in the European Union, what raises questions on the design of the long-term care. For the moment the system is highly unregulated and disintegrated between social assistance and health care services. But it is the health sector that concentrates policy debate with a proposal of an introduction of nursing insurance. In the social sector, the significant changes that were favorable to LTC services development were introduced by the
law on the social assistance (2004) and family benefits (2003) widening the scope of care available at home and in adult day care centers. But still provision of services is insufficient and a market of private services, paid out-of-pocket rapidly develops. It seems that main problems of the long-term care development in the future will be raising demand against insufficient resources and diversified priorities of the health care system.
Authored by: Stanislawa Golinowska
Published in 2010
Vincent Demers is seeking an opportunity for an electrical apprenticeship. He has experience working summers in trades such as electrical co-ops and has training in areas like manlift operation and fall arrest. He highlights strengths like a good attitude, ability to learn, not being afraid of challenges, and not quitting easily. He is available to start immediately upon giving notice to his current employer.
Steigern Sie Ihren Umsatz - mit dem perfekten Zahlungsartenmix für Ihren Onli...UNIVERSUM Group
Über Erfolg oder Mißerfolg eines Onlineshops entscheiden viele Faktoren - unter anderem die zur Verfügung stehenden Zahlungsarten.
Kann ein Kunde nicht auf die von ihm gewünschte Art und Weise bezahlen, ist er schnell bei der Konkurrenz. Die Auswahl der richtigen, für die jeweilige Zielgruppe passenden Zahlungsarten ist daher essentiell.
Sprchen Sie mit unseren Payment-Experten und erfahren Sie mehr unter
http://www.universum-group.de/loesungen/flexipay-ecommerce-loesungen/zahlungsarten/
Why are those who should ostensibly know better so frequently and spectacularly wrong? Why are expert predictions basically coin flips? Here's the talk
This document is a curriculum vitae for Karuna Joshi, who has an MBA in HR and Marketing. She is currently a Sales Executive at Atul Ltd in Delhi, Noida, and surrounding areas, where she is responsible for meeting with architects and consultants, targeting industries and converting leads to orders, and handling various projects. Previously, she worked as a Business Development Executive at Alstrong Enterprises India Pvt Ltd. She is looking to obtain a position that will allow her to utilize her initiative, capabilities, and contribute to an organization.
Modern businesses need to restructure and reorganize themselves in order to be able to respond effectively and timely to the changes in the environment they operate in.
ANALIZA PRZYDATNOŚCI FORMATU MUSICXML W WYSZUKIWANIU I KLASYFIKACJI ZBIORÓW D...Dmitrij Żatuchin
Zbadano wydajność wyszukiwania informacji muzycznej zapisanej w plikach MusicXML, opisano formalnie strukturę pliku oraz kluczowe zalety zastosowania MusicXML. Przeanalizowano jego przydatność nie tylko jako formatu do zapisu standardowej graficznej notacji nutowej, ale również jako struktury pomocnej przy indeksowaniu dużych zbiorów muzycznych wg różnych cech, m. in. tempa utworu, czasu trwania czy tonacji. Na bazie parsera MusicXML (mxmlplay 0.1) opracowanego przez Xenoage powstało narzędzie pozwalające na przetworzenie zbioru plików, odtworzenie i podsumowanie wydajności struktury MusicXML. Wysunięto wnioski dotyczące: łatwości wyodrębnienia informacji; indeksacji i zastosowania jej do podziału plików muzycznych na zbiory o pewnych cechach; wykorzystania narzędzia lub jego części w stworzeniu oprogramowania do wizualizacji pliku MusicXML oraz zdalnej edycji kompozycji; bardzo dobrego współczynnika kompresji (>100x) – dzięki temu można zaadoptować narzędzie do użytku w telefonii komórkowej.
An individual is not born with a defined personality, but rather develops one through the interaction of their innate traits and environmental influences as they grow. Personality refers to the unique combination of tangible and intangible characteristics that distinguish one person from another, such as physical traits like height and weight, mental traits like intelligence and learning ability, emotional traits like how one handles different situations, and social traits regarding how one interacts with and relates to others. Personality types can include extroverts who are happy around others, introverts who prefer solitude, and ambiverts who fall in between.
User Experience Design (Travel Portal) - Akbar TravelsAkash-Srivastava
The document discusses the user experience design for the travel website Akbar Travels, including the navigational structure, hotel booking flow, design of individual pages like the hotel room and search results pages, and the hotel booking confirmation page. The overall goal is to optimize the user experience for booking hotels on the Akbar Travels website.
The document describes the design of a circular journey ticketing application for Indian Railways. It involves researching the existing circular journey ticketing process, understanding user needs through personas, scenarios and interviews. Key features of the application include route selection, train selection, break selection while ensuring ticket availability. Wireframes were created for the application flow and important screens like route suggestion, station search, itinerary creation and booking. The design focuses on understanding user requirements, providing smart suggestions and options, while giving users full control over their journey planning.
Topics: How consumer needs drive innovation in retail. Evolution of e-commerce SaaS and opportunities. Social media and on/offline purchase attribution.
"Solving business challenges with open-source applications - OroCRM and OroCommerce"
Oro is the company behind OroCRM the most flexible Open Source Customer Relationships Management platform and OroCommerce The only True Open Source B2B e-Commerce application. Oro approach to solve business challenges is that no two businesses are alike. That is why OroCRM and OroCommerce are built with flexibility and extendibility in mind. Our goal is to provide organizations the ability to extend core product functionality and customize features to fit their business needs. This presentation will discuss Oro’s ground breaking application and will highlight cases where OroCRM’s open source approach and flexibility was the driving force behind our ability to deliver innovative solutions.
Social discourse of parenting in Finland 7.3.2016Pasi Kumpulainen
This is renewed lecture about social discourse of parenting in Finland, 7th of March 2016 in international intensive course at Satakunta University of Applied Sciences
This document discusses the implications of the Care Act 2014 for people experiencing multiple exclusion homelessness (MEH). It describes how MEH involves a combination of severe issues like addiction, health problems, and trauma. It also discusses how VOICES of Stoke developed a "communication aid" or toolkit to help articulate MEH individuals' needs to social services for assessment. The toolkit aimed to improve collaboration between services and increase MEH groups' access to support under the Care Act. Feedback showed the toolkit helped clarify needs and led to more appropriate assessments.
240513 ST Integrating care for seniors a priorityWai Chiong Loke
Singapore is facing an aging population crisis as birth rates decline and life expectancy increases. This will strain the country's eldercare system as the ratio of working adults to retirees drops significantly. Currently, eldercare is too focused on healthcare and lacks coordination between medical and social services. A holistic approach is needed that integrates housing, transportation, health and social care. Countries like Australia and Japan provide models for comprehensive eldercare systems that aim to allow the elderly to age with dignity at home or in communities. Stakeholders in Singapore are discussing how to enhance eldercare and develop new models, but more needs to be done to address this looming issue.
Changes in Support for Children and Families in Iceland: Social capitals, cha...Iriss
Professor Dóra Bjarnason. University of Iceland.
Session 4 - Changing Children's Services. Chair Martha Holden, Project Director, University of Cornell.
Getting It Right for Every Child: Childhood, Citizenship and Children's Services, Glasgow, 24-26 September 2008.
http://www.iriss.org.uk/conference/girfec
The document discusses health disparities among the elderly in the United States and strategies to promote social justice. It notes that government programs have improved standards of living for older adults but that inequalities in healthcare coverage remain between racial groups. Ensuring affordable healthcare access and educating providers could help reduce these gaps. However, some proposals like the CLASS program to support independent living are facing elimination despite the challenges faced by many families. Overall, the document argues that eliminating all health disparities is necessary to improve quality of life for all elders and achieve equal treatment regardless of age, race or socioeconomic status.
The document provides instructions for requesting and completing an assignment writing request through the HelpWriting.net website. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account; 2) Complete a request form with instructions and deadline; 3) Review bids from writers and select one; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment; 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction. It emphasizes the site's commitment to original, high-quality content and full refunds for plagiarized work.
A Social Norms Perspective On Child Marriage The General FrameworkTye Rausch
This document provides a theoretical framework for understanding child marriage based on a social norms perspective. It begins by noting there are too many existing explanations for child marriage that lack integration and theoretical rigor. The framework uses a simple model of individual behavior based on preferences, options, and beliefs. It argues measuring both unconditional and conditional preferences, as well as nonsocial and social expectations, allows determining if a practice is a social norm. Understanding what type of practice child marriage represents is crucial for intervention design. The framework concludes child marriage monitoring and evaluation should elicit beliefs and preferences to distinguish between types of practices, and address false beliefs that sustain the practice.
Chapter Five Older People and Long-Term Care Issues of Access.docxmccormicknadine86
Chapter Five
Older People and Long-Term Care: Issues of Access
1
2
Why the new interest in long-term care?
The Baby Boomers are adding to the growth in the population over 65.
There is increasing fear of dependency on long-term care.
Adult children of the elderly having to find care for their parents.
Healthcare reform promises great changes that are not well understood.
3
3
The Growing Population Needing Care
The need for ADL and IADL assistance continues to grow.
Table 8-1 presents the broad range of services needed by the disabled.
Most of the population needing long-term care do not live in nursing homes.
Many factors contribute to the inability to predict the exact number needing services in the future.
4
4
The Growing Population Needing Care
Future populations may be better educated which is associated with lower levels of disability.
Ethnic composition suggests a greater need for care and government support.
Boomers will bring greater numbers of people needing services.
The number of those over 75 will greatly increase.
5
5
The Growing Population Needing Care
Disability rates will increase among those who are not in nursing homes.
The most common disability is physical.
In addition, the nursing home population is expected to have profound increases until it triples by 2030.
The number of younger persons with disability has also increased.
6
6
Issues of Access
The current system is far from ideal.
There is not an adequate supply particularly for the poor.
The system itself continues to be so fragmented that many are not aware of what is offered.
Financing is an underlying problem.
7
7
The Costs of Care
Expenses for this care are sizable and will increase in the future.
Private insurance only pays for a small percentage of the care.
Medicaid pays for over 85% of nursing home care.
8
8
The Costs of Care
Annual costs of nursing home care can average $58,000 per year and may exceed $100,000. For many, the costs of this care is just not affordable.
With the addition of the Baby Boomers, costs will most certainly increase in the future.
The effects of reform are not currently known.
9
9
The Care-giving Role of Families
About 74% of dependent community-based elders receive care from family members.
The majority of caregivers are women.
The number and willingness of family caregivers may decline as the Boomers become in need for assistance.
10
10
The Role of Private Insurance
Private insurance for long-term care is a relatively new product.
Improvements in coverage are being made, but only an estimated 20% of the population will use it.
CCRCs and LCAHs hold promise for the future.
11
11
The Role of Medicaid
Medicaid is changing under PPACA to include more eligible adults who will receive benchmark coverage.
Medicaid is used for those elders who meet certain criteria.
Medicaid does not pay for the full range of services including home-based care.
Some states are using a waiver to offe ...
Chapter Five Older People and Long-Term Care Issues of Access.docxtiffanyd4
Chapter Five
Older People and Long-Term Care: Issues of Access
1
2
Why the new interest in long-term care?
The Baby Boomers are adding to the growth in the population over 65.
There is increasing fear of dependency on long-term care.
Adult children of the elderly having to find care for their parents.
Healthcare reform promises great changes that are not well understood.
3
3
The Growing Population Needing Care
The need for ADL and IADL assistance continues to grow.
Table 8-1 presents the broad range of services needed by the disabled.
Most of the population needing long-term care do not live in nursing homes.
Many factors contribute to the inability to predict the exact number needing services in the future.
4
4
The Growing Population Needing Care
Future populations may be better educated which is associated with lower levels of disability.
Ethnic composition suggests a greater need for care and government support.
Boomers will bring greater numbers of people needing services.
The number of those over 75 will greatly increase.
5
5
The Growing Population Needing Care
Disability rates will increase among those who are not in nursing homes.
The most common disability is physical.
In addition, the nursing home population is expected to have profound increases until it triples by 2030.
The number of younger persons with disability has also increased.
6
6
Issues of Access
The current system is far from ideal.
There is not an adequate supply particularly for the poor.
The system itself continues to be so fragmented that many are not aware of what is offered.
Financing is an underlying problem.
7
7
The Costs of Care
Expenses for this care are sizable and will increase in the future.
Private insurance only pays for a small percentage of the care.
Medicaid pays for over 85% of nursing home care.
8
8
The Costs of Care
Annual costs of nursing home care can average $58,000 per year and may exceed $100,000. For many, the costs of this care is just not affordable.
With the addition of the Baby Boomers, costs will most certainly increase in the future.
The effects of reform are not currently known.
9
9
The Care-giving Role of Families
About 74% of dependent community-based elders receive care from family members.
The majority of caregivers are women.
The number and willingness of family caregivers may decline as the Boomers become in need for assistance.
10
10
The Role of Private Insurance
Private insurance for long-term care is a relatively new product.
Improvements in coverage are being made, but only an estimated 20% of the population will use it.
CCRCs and LCAHs hold promise for the future.
11
11
The Role of Medicaid
Medicaid is changing under PPACA to include more eligible adults who will receive benchmark coverage.
Medicaid is used for those elders who meet certain criteria.
Medicaid does not pay for the full range of services including home-based care.
Some states are using a waiver to offe.
This document explores how waiting for mental health services can negatively impact the social determinants of mental health for parents of children with behavioral disorders or autism. It finds that although public attitudes toward mental health have improved, these parents still feel stigmatized. Low mental health literacy leads to many conflicting views on the causes of conditions, making it difficult for parents to navigate advice. The waiting process also lacks clarity and signposting of support options. As a result, parents may withdraw socially and experience worsening of their own mental health. Improving mental health literacy and providing more holistic, family-focused care could help address these challenges.
This document summarizes a study on leave policy preferences in four countries - Sweden, Austria, the United States, and Switzerland. The study uses survey data to analyze individual preferences regarding leave length, how leave time should be divided between parents, and who should pay for leave. The study draws on theories of welfare attitudes and incorporates a gender perspective. Results show leave preferences are influenced by the institutional context of each country's leave policies and welfare regime. Preferences also vary based on individual characteristics like gender, parenthood status, and attitudes toward gender roles and the welfare state. Preferences generally reflect existing leave policies, with Swedish respondents preferring long, state-funded leaves shared equally between parents and Austrian respondents preferring long leaves primarily for mothers.
Drinking Essay. Student essays: Essay on teenage drinkingKate Hunter
Underage Drinking - Short Essay (400 Words) - PHDessay.com. Narrative Essay: Essay on drinking alcohol. Teenage drinking essay - Alcohol and Teens: Learn the Effects of .... Persuasive Essay: Teens and Alcohol Abuse. Student essays: Essay on teenage drinking. Singular Teenage Drinking Essay ~ Thatsnotus. Alcohol:What You Should Know - Sample Essay. Alcohol age drinking - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. The Issue of Teen Drinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... Underage Drinking Essay: Impact of Alcohol on Teenagers. 019 Unit Essay Example Teenage ~ Thatsnotus. Stunning Lowering The Drinking Age Essay ~ Thatsnotus. Alcohol Consumption Is Common - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. 004 Alcoholism Essay Effects Of Cause And Effect College Binge Drinking .... ≫ Alcohol Drinking by Underage College Students Free Essay Sample on .... drinking age persuasive essay example | Alcoholism | Social Aspects Of .... essay: Essay on Drinking Alcohol. Persuasive Essay: Drinking essay. Essay discussing the health issue of binge drinking in 15-24 year olds ....
Teen Suicide Case Study Essay
Health Care Proposal Essay
Reserch Proposal Example
A Modest Proposal Summary
Research Proposal
Project Proposal Example
Project Proposal Essay
Sample Proposal Letter Essay
Crime Research Proposal
Investment Proposal Essay example
Modern businesses need to restructure and reorganize themselves in order to be able to respond effectively and timely to the changes in the environment they operate in.
ANALIZA PRZYDATNOŚCI FORMATU MUSICXML W WYSZUKIWANIU I KLASYFIKACJI ZBIORÓW D...Dmitrij Żatuchin
Zbadano wydajność wyszukiwania informacji muzycznej zapisanej w plikach MusicXML, opisano formalnie strukturę pliku oraz kluczowe zalety zastosowania MusicXML. Przeanalizowano jego przydatność nie tylko jako formatu do zapisu standardowej graficznej notacji nutowej, ale również jako struktury pomocnej przy indeksowaniu dużych zbiorów muzycznych wg różnych cech, m. in. tempa utworu, czasu trwania czy tonacji. Na bazie parsera MusicXML (mxmlplay 0.1) opracowanego przez Xenoage powstało narzędzie pozwalające na przetworzenie zbioru plików, odtworzenie i podsumowanie wydajności struktury MusicXML. Wysunięto wnioski dotyczące: łatwości wyodrębnienia informacji; indeksacji i zastosowania jej do podziału plików muzycznych na zbiory o pewnych cechach; wykorzystania narzędzia lub jego części w stworzeniu oprogramowania do wizualizacji pliku MusicXML oraz zdalnej edycji kompozycji; bardzo dobrego współczynnika kompresji (>100x) – dzięki temu można zaadoptować narzędzie do użytku w telefonii komórkowej.
An individual is not born with a defined personality, but rather develops one through the interaction of their innate traits and environmental influences as they grow. Personality refers to the unique combination of tangible and intangible characteristics that distinguish one person from another, such as physical traits like height and weight, mental traits like intelligence and learning ability, emotional traits like how one handles different situations, and social traits regarding how one interacts with and relates to others. Personality types can include extroverts who are happy around others, introverts who prefer solitude, and ambiverts who fall in between.
User Experience Design (Travel Portal) - Akbar TravelsAkash-Srivastava
The document discusses the user experience design for the travel website Akbar Travels, including the navigational structure, hotel booking flow, design of individual pages like the hotel room and search results pages, and the hotel booking confirmation page. The overall goal is to optimize the user experience for booking hotels on the Akbar Travels website.
The document describes the design of a circular journey ticketing application for Indian Railways. It involves researching the existing circular journey ticketing process, understanding user needs through personas, scenarios and interviews. Key features of the application include route selection, train selection, break selection while ensuring ticket availability. Wireframes were created for the application flow and important screens like route suggestion, station search, itinerary creation and booking. The design focuses on understanding user requirements, providing smart suggestions and options, while giving users full control over their journey planning.
Topics: How consumer needs drive innovation in retail. Evolution of e-commerce SaaS and opportunities. Social media and on/offline purchase attribution.
"Solving business challenges with open-source applications - OroCRM and OroCommerce"
Oro is the company behind OroCRM the most flexible Open Source Customer Relationships Management platform and OroCommerce The only True Open Source B2B e-Commerce application. Oro approach to solve business challenges is that no two businesses are alike. That is why OroCRM and OroCommerce are built with flexibility and extendibility in mind. Our goal is to provide organizations the ability to extend core product functionality and customize features to fit their business needs. This presentation will discuss Oro’s ground breaking application and will highlight cases where OroCRM’s open source approach and flexibility was the driving force behind our ability to deliver innovative solutions.
Social discourse of parenting in Finland 7.3.2016Pasi Kumpulainen
This is renewed lecture about social discourse of parenting in Finland, 7th of March 2016 in international intensive course at Satakunta University of Applied Sciences
This document discusses the implications of the Care Act 2014 for people experiencing multiple exclusion homelessness (MEH). It describes how MEH involves a combination of severe issues like addiction, health problems, and trauma. It also discusses how VOICES of Stoke developed a "communication aid" or toolkit to help articulate MEH individuals' needs to social services for assessment. The toolkit aimed to improve collaboration between services and increase MEH groups' access to support under the Care Act. Feedback showed the toolkit helped clarify needs and led to more appropriate assessments.
240513 ST Integrating care for seniors a priorityWai Chiong Loke
Singapore is facing an aging population crisis as birth rates decline and life expectancy increases. This will strain the country's eldercare system as the ratio of working adults to retirees drops significantly. Currently, eldercare is too focused on healthcare and lacks coordination between medical and social services. A holistic approach is needed that integrates housing, transportation, health and social care. Countries like Australia and Japan provide models for comprehensive eldercare systems that aim to allow the elderly to age with dignity at home or in communities. Stakeholders in Singapore are discussing how to enhance eldercare and develop new models, but more needs to be done to address this looming issue.
Changes in Support for Children and Families in Iceland: Social capitals, cha...Iriss
Professor Dóra Bjarnason. University of Iceland.
Session 4 - Changing Children's Services. Chair Martha Holden, Project Director, University of Cornell.
Getting It Right for Every Child: Childhood, Citizenship and Children's Services, Glasgow, 24-26 September 2008.
http://www.iriss.org.uk/conference/girfec
The document discusses health disparities among the elderly in the United States and strategies to promote social justice. It notes that government programs have improved standards of living for older adults but that inequalities in healthcare coverage remain between racial groups. Ensuring affordable healthcare access and educating providers could help reduce these gaps. However, some proposals like the CLASS program to support independent living are facing elimination despite the challenges faced by many families. Overall, the document argues that eliminating all health disparities is necessary to improve quality of life for all elders and achieve equal treatment regardless of age, race or socioeconomic status.
The document provides instructions for requesting and completing an assignment writing request through the HelpWriting.net website. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account; 2) Complete a request form with instructions and deadline; 3) Review bids from writers and select one; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment; 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction. It emphasizes the site's commitment to original, high-quality content and full refunds for plagiarized work.
A Social Norms Perspective On Child Marriage The General FrameworkTye Rausch
This document provides a theoretical framework for understanding child marriage based on a social norms perspective. It begins by noting there are too many existing explanations for child marriage that lack integration and theoretical rigor. The framework uses a simple model of individual behavior based on preferences, options, and beliefs. It argues measuring both unconditional and conditional preferences, as well as nonsocial and social expectations, allows determining if a practice is a social norm. Understanding what type of practice child marriage represents is crucial for intervention design. The framework concludes child marriage monitoring and evaluation should elicit beliefs and preferences to distinguish between types of practices, and address false beliefs that sustain the practice.
Chapter Five Older People and Long-Term Care Issues of Access.docxmccormicknadine86
Chapter Five
Older People and Long-Term Care: Issues of Access
1
2
Why the new interest in long-term care?
The Baby Boomers are adding to the growth in the population over 65.
There is increasing fear of dependency on long-term care.
Adult children of the elderly having to find care for their parents.
Healthcare reform promises great changes that are not well understood.
3
3
The Growing Population Needing Care
The need for ADL and IADL assistance continues to grow.
Table 8-1 presents the broad range of services needed by the disabled.
Most of the population needing long-term care do not live in nursing homes.
Many factors contribute to the inability to predict the exact number needing services in the future.
4
4
The Growing Population Needing Care
Future populations may be better educated which is associated with lower levels of disability.
Ethnic composition suggests a greater need for care and government support.
Boomers will bring greater numbers of people needing services.
The number of those over 75 will greatly increase.
5
5
The Growing Population Needing Care
Disability rates will increase among those who are not in nursing homes.
The most common disability is physical.
In addition, the nursing home population is expected to have profound increases until it triples by 2030.
The number of younger persons with disability has also increased.
6
6
Issues of Access
The current system is far from ideal.
There is not an adequate supply particularly for the poor.
The system itself continues to be so fragmented that many are not aware of what is offered.
Financing is an underlying problem.
7
7
The Costs of Care
Expenses for this care are sizable and will increase in the future.
Private insurance only pays for a small percentage of the care.
Medicaid pays for over 85% of nursing home care.
8
8
The Costs of Care
Annual costs of nursing home care can average $58,000 per year and may exceed $100,000. For many, the costs of this care is just not affordable.
With the addition of the Baby Boomers, costs will most certainly increase in the future.
The effects of reform are not currently known.
9
9
The Care-giving Role of Families
About 74% of dependent community-based elders receive care from family members.
The majority of caregivers are women.
The number and willingness of family caregivers may decline as the Boomers become in need for assistance.
10
10
The Role of Private Insurance
Private insurance for long-term care is a relatively new product.
Improvements in coverage are being made, but only an estimated 20% of the population will use it.
CCRCs and LCAHs hold promise for the future.
11
11
The Role of Medicaid
Medicaid is changing under PPACA to include more eligible adults who will receive benchmark coverage.
Medicaid is used for those elders who meet certain criteria.
Medicaid does not pay for the full range of services including home-based care.
Some states are using a waiver to offe ...
Chapter Five Older People and Long-Term Care Issues of Access.docxtiffanyd4
Chapter Five
Older People and Long-Term Care: Issues of Access
1
2
Why the new interest in long-term care?
The Baby Boomers are adding to the growth in the population over 65.
There is increasing fear of dependency on long-term care.
Adult children of the elderly having to find care for their parents.
Healthcare reform promises great changes that are not well understood.
3
3
The Growing Population Needing Care
The need for ADL and IADL assistance continues to grow.
Table 8-1 presents the broad range of services needed by the disabled.
Most of the population needing long-term care do not live in nursing homes.
Many factors contribute to the inability to predict the exact number needing services in the future.
4
4
The Growing Population Needing Care
Future populations may be better educated which is associated with lower levels of disability.
Ethnic composition suggests a greater need for care and government support.
Boomers will bring greater numbers of people needing services.
The number of those over 75 will greatly increase.
5
5
The Growing Population Needing Care
Disability rates will increase among those who are not in nursing homes.
The most common disability is physical.
In addition, the nursing home population is expected to have profound increases until it triples by 2030.
The number of younger persons with disability has also increased.
6
6
Issues of Access
The current system is far from ideal.
There is not an adequate supply particularly for the poor.
The system itself continues to be so fragmented that many are not aware of what is offered.
Financing is an underlying problem.
7
7
The Costs of Care
Expenses for this care are sizable and will increase in the future.
Private insurance only pays for a small percentage of the care.
Medicaid pays for over 85% of nursing home care.
8
8
The Costs of Care
Annual costs of nursing home care can average $58,000 per year and may exceed $100,000. For many, the costs of this care is just not affordable.
With the addition of the Baby Boomers, costs will most certainly increase in the future.
The effects of reform are not currently known.
9
9
The Care-giving Role of Families
About 74% of dependent community-based elders receive care from family members.
The majority of caregivers are women.
The number and willingness of family caregivers may decline as the Boomers become in need for assistance.
10
10
The Role of Private Insurance
Private insurance for long-term care is a relatively new product.
Improvements in coverage are being made, but only an estimated 20% of the population will use it.
CCRCs and LCAHs hold promise for the future.
11
11
The Role of Medicaid
Medicaid is changing under PPACA to include more eligible adults who will receive benchmark coverage.
Medicaid is used for those elders who meet certain criteria.
Medicaid does not pay for the full range of services including home-based care.
Some states are using a waiver to offe.
This document explores how waiting for mental health services can negatively impact the social determinants of mental health for parents of children with behavioral disorders or autism. It finds that although public attitudes toward mental health have improved, these parents still feel stigmatized. Low mental health literacy leads to many conflicting views on the causes of conditions, making it difficult for parents to navigate advice. The waiting process also lacks clarity and signposting of support options. As a result, parents may withdraw socially and experience worsening of their own mental health. Improving mental health literacy and providing more holistic, family-focused care could help address these challenges.
This document summarizes a study on leave policy preferences in four countries - Sweden, Austria, the United States, and Switzerland. The study uses survey data to analyze individual preferences regarding leave length, how leave time should be divided between parents, and who should pay for leave. The study draws on theories of welfare attitudes and incorporates a gender perspective. Results show leave preferences are influenced by the institutional context of each country's leave policies and welfare regime. Preferences also vary based on individual characteristics like gender, parenthood status, and attitudes toward gender roles and the welfare state. Preferences generally reflect existing leave policies, with Swedish respondents preferring long, state-funded leaves shared equally between parents and Austrian respondents preferring long leaves primarily for mothers.
Drinking Essay. Student essays: Essay on teenage drinkingKate Hunter
Underage Drinking - Short Essay (400 Words) - PHDessay.com. Narrative Essay: Essay on drinking alcohol. Teenage drinking essay - Alcohol and Teens: Learn the Effects of .... Persuasive Essay: Teens and Alcohol Abuse. Student essays: Essay on teenage drinking. Singular Teenage Drinking Essay ~ Thatsnotus. Alcohol:What You Should Know - Sample Essay. Alcohol age drinking - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. The Issue of Teen Drinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... Underage Drinking Essay: Impact of Alcohol on Teenagers. 019 Unit Essay Example Teenage ~ Thatsnotus. Stunning Lowering The Drinking Age Essay ~ Thatsnotus. Alcohol Consumption Is Common - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. 004 Alcoholism Essay Effects Of Cause And Effect College Binge Drinking .... ≫ Alcohol Drinking by Underage College Students Free Essay Sample on .... drinking age persuasive essay example | Alcoholism | Social Aspects Of .... essay: Essay on Drinking Alcohol. Persuasive Essay: Drinking essay. Essay discussing the health issue of binge drinking in 15-24 year olds ....
Teen Suicide Case Study Essay
Health Care Proposal Essay
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A Modest Proposal Summary
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Answer questions 1 and 2 in at least 100 words each and 1 referenc.docxnolanalgernon
Answer questions 1 and 2 in at least 100 words each and 1 reference each.
1- Access the "Buddhism and Hinduism Beliefs Systems Chart." Complete the chart and post to the Discussion Forum as an attachment. State the most surprising findings about Buddhism and Hinduism you discovered and why it is surprising. Access at least three other classmates' charts and comment on their findings.
2- After reading "The Appeal to Americans of Hinduism and Buddhism" on pages 281 – 282 of Religion in America, how do you respond to the reasons given for interest in Asian religions?
Part 2
Hinduism and Buddhism Beliefs Systems Chart
Assignment Description:
Part I: Hinduism and Buddhism Beliefs Systems Chart
1) Research the distinctive beliefs and practices of Hinduism and Buddhism and complete the chart below. Use bullet points.
HinduismBuddhism
Beliefs
· Their religion existed since dawn of humanity
· Human religion
· Vedas, sacred writings
· Bhagavad-Gita
· God as creator
· Every living thing is a manifestation of the sacred
· No beginning or end
· Karma
· Reincarnation
· Real self
· Believes everything changes
· Rebirth
· 4 noble truths
· Life is marked with suffering
· We know the cause of our suffering and can end our suffering
· Path of 8 right practices
Lifestyle
· Don’t eat meat or eat very sparingly
· Caste structure
· No premarital sex
· No alcohol, tobacco, tea, or coffee
· Do not kill
· Do not steal
· Refrain from wrongful sexual behavior
· Do not lie
· Avoid use of intoxicants
Rituals
· Ceremonial cleansing
· Ceremonial cleansings
· Fruit offerings, incense, or flowers to deities
· Daily devotions
· God and goddess festival days
· Birth rituals
· Weddings
· Funerals
· Chant name of Krishna daily
· Shrine or altar in home
· Meditation
· Concentration
· Insight
· Mindfulness
Organization
· Temples
· Zen
· Tantras
· mantras
Part II: Comparative Analysis
Write a 200-300-word comparative analysis of Hinduism and Buddhism.
Policy Proposal/Advocacy Project – (25% of total grade. The assignment is worth 100 points).
Learning outcome 1: Identify how human service administrators can effectively advocate for
their clients and their agency and why this is necessary.
Learning outcome 2: Determine appropriate action steps to create a policy proposal.
Learning outcome 6: Create a policy/advocacy project addressing the cost effectiveness and
efficacy for a chosen population.
NOTE: The advocacy project will be submitted as a PowerPoint presentation with audio.
Imagine you are an agency director faced with potential threats to your
organization. You may utilize the human service issues from your research
paper as the problem basis. Chapters 6, 7, and 8 provide the framework for
this assignment. You’ve learned about policy practice and advocacy. Now,
you must activate a plan to protect your organization!!!
Utilize the six-step policy analysis framework, determine the steps necessary to address the identified human service issue.
Iden.
This document discusses social entrepreneurship and the challenges around defining it, legitimizing social enterprises, and different schools of thought. It reviews literature on social entrepreneurship in terms of business definition, schools of thought, and legal forms. Key challenges identified are providing a unified definition, considering the special features of social enterprises in law, and developing more social enterprise studies and incorporating it into business education curriculums. The review aims to help develop more effective social businesses in Ethiopia.
1 day agoJessica Dunne RE Discussion - Week 10COLLAPSET.docxoswald1horne84988
1 day ago
Jessica Dunne
RE: Discussion - Week 10
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
NURS 6050C: Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health
INITIAL POST
Resource Allocation for an Aging Population
Technological advances in medicine and preventative care means that Americans are living longer lives than ever before. Hayutin, Deitz, and Mitchell (2010) assert that by the year 2030 Americans over the age of 65 will account for 20% of the population. There will soon be more elderly Americans than children, and the number of working adults is expected to decrease concurrently. This shift in the population will yield significant economic, political and social challenges. Healthcare needs are also changing. Death and disability rates are declining, yet the incidence of chronic illness within the elderly population continues to rise (Hayutin, Deitz, & Mitchell, 2010). Crippen and Barnato (2011) contend that 20% of the population assume 80% of all healthcare-related costs. As much as 75% of these costs are attributable to chronic diseases (Crippen & Barnato, 2011). Revenues for healthcare are projected to decrease while expenditures are expected to increase. Healthcare providers, policymakers, and industry experts need to work towards solutions that will optimize healthcare dollars and create sustainability for future generations.
Ethical Considerations
The dynamics of healthcare are complicated; financial resources seem insignificant when making life and death decisions. Nonetheless, resources are finite, and therefore, distribution and allocation of funds must be ethical. According to Craig (2010), the theory of distributive justice requires that people with the same health needs have equitable access to all available resources. However, distributive justice also requires that the associated costs also be shared equitably. Fairness is another ethical principle that should be applied in the allocation of healthcare resources. Policies that are fair must be transparent, understandable, and there must be regulatory process to address complaints and resolve conflicts. The idea that healthcare is a human right is outlined in the declaration of independence which guarantees citizens the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The need of the patient should also be considered. A burn patient needs plastic surgery more than a patient that wants rhinoplasty (Craig, 2010).
Nurses provide the best possible care to every single patient regardless of gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, ability to pay, or age. The American Nurses Association (2012) provides ethical guidelines for nurses to employ in their practice. Provisions one, two, and three promote the principle of beneficence, and the obligation nurses have to advocate for the best interests of their patients. Provisions seven, eight, and nine focus on providing social justice for clients through practice and policy (American Nurses Association, 2012). Nurses should also promote aut.
This document discusses long term care for the elderly population. It summarizes the key findings from interviews with 46 experts on aging issues from 14 countries. The main challenges identified are the rising number of elderly individuals placing strain on healthcare systems and families, and shortages in funding and healthcare workers. The document argues that to address this, countries need to reimagine long term care by focusing on person-centered care, integrating medical care across settings, investing in both formal and informal care workers, embracing technology, and changing attitudes towards aging.
How To Write A Comparison Essay Normal Essay - PSally Steele
Here are a few key points about your first experience at Bridgetown Church:
- It was your first time attending after friends and family had invited you for a long time due to enjoying a specific pastor.
- You were previously hesitant to go due to concerns about falling asleep during sermons due to working night shifts.
- Upon attending, you found the sermon engaging and easy to understand despite your fears, and enjoyed the welcoming atmosphere.
- The experience has motivated you to attend again in the future and explore getting more involved in the community.
In summary, despite some initial reluctance, your first time at Bridgetown Church turned out to be a positive experience that addressed your concerns and left you wanting
This weekly bulletin from the National Family Carer Network provides information on various topics related to caring for family members with disabilities or health issues. It includes 12 items on national news and opportunities, 2 items on news from the South East region of England, and 1 item on news from the North West region. The bulletin is distributed to members of the organization and provides a way for members to contribute news items and a contact to unsubscribe.
From the Chicago Tribune, November 27, 1994Should We License Par.docxbudbarber38650
From the Chicago Tribune, November 27, 1994
Should We License Parents?
November 27, 1994|By Dr. Jack C. Westman. Dr. Jack C. Westman is a professor in the psychiatry department of the University of Wisconsin-Madison and is the author of "Licensing Parents: Can We Prevent Child Abuse and Neglect?" (Plenum, $27.95).
Three weeks ago our attention was riveted on Union, S.C. The people of Union rallied to search for two abducted children and then mourned their deaths at the hands of their mother. We watched intently as that community united to protect its children.
In spite of the tragic ending of that episode, we saw how an entire community was galvanized to assist two children in distress. The pleas of the family on national television evoked a powerful empathy for the parents and children. We must not forget these strong feelings because in the three weeks since the event in South Carolina, 63 children have been murdered by their parents elsewhere in the United States.
The South Carolina tragedy is a wakeup call for our nation. We must wake up to the fact that we have an epidemic of child abuse and neglect. Three children are murdered by their parents every day in the United States. In 1992, the U.S. Advisory Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect declared that the neglect and abuse of our children is a national emergency.
The neglect and abuse of children affects us all. The National Commission on Children reported to the President and Congress that a critical number of parents are failing to fulfill their basic child raising responsibilities. The Commission linked our society's problems-educational, health, safety and economic-to the damage caused to children by the neglect and abuse of incompetent parents.
How can we respond? Our own failings as parents and our own potential for violence make us reluctant to judge parents as incompetent. Fortunately, that judgment really is not difficult.
The signs of child neglect and abuse by incompetent parents are apparent to anyone. A parent's murder of a child is the most extreme form. More commonly, incompetent parents are unable to manage their own lives. They pursue their own urges and damage their children by either neglecting or tyrannizing them. Their incompetence results from their own personalities, addictions, life events, socioeconomic disadvantage or a combination of these factors. Even if we were to eliminate poverty and discrimination, we still would have incompetent parents.
Incompetent parents, although few in number, are the sources of our habitual criminal and welfare dependency problems. About 4 percent of parents from all socioeconomic classes are incompetent. Some 3.6 million children have been neglected and abused by them. Many of these children become dangerous or dependent teenagers and adults who are increasing in numbers to drain public funds and erode the productivity of our workforce.
Our existing protective services for children have failed because they set standards for pare.
From the Chicago Tribune, November 27, 1994Should We License Par.docx
HomeexamMEN270NordicmodelsA15
1. The University of Stavanger
FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Home exam - Autumn 2015
Course code MEN270
Course title Nordicmodelsforgenderequalityandwelfare
Candidate’snumber 2325
Whichoption of
exercise have you
chosen?(1 or 2)
Option2
Title of your
assignment
“Social changesto the familyinstitutional model”
Numberof words 5008
We remindyouof the rulesagainstplagiarismandcheating,please remember:
1. That the textin yourassignment/paperhas notbeenusedinotherwrittentexts submittedtothe
Universityof Stavangerorothereducational institutionsbefore.
2. That you donot quote otherpeople’sworkwithoutaddressingthisthroughreferencing.
3. That you do not quote yourownpreviousworkwithoutaddressingthisthroughreferencing.
4. That you include all referencesandsourcesthatyoubase your textuponinthe bibliographyatthe
endof yourtext.
5. That you cite correctlyandshowwhere the citationstartsand endsbyquotationmarks,and that
youreferto the source and page numberof yourcitation.
If these rulesare not compliedtowe will consideritascheating.Cheator the attemptof cheat will be
treatedas describedin the Actrelatingtouniversitiesanduniversitycolleges §54, 1 b and § 42, 3.
http://www.regjeringen.no/en/doc/laws/acts/act-relating-to-universities-and-univers.html?id=213307
You will alsofindmore informationinthe Universityof Stavangerguidelinesonthe studentpages.
http://student.uis.no/english/examination/academic_misconduct_during_examination/assessment/
I accept that the Universityof Stavangercan use this assignmentinconnectiontoresearchand
education:
Crossof for yesor no. Yes:X No:….
2. 1
HOME EXAM
in Nordic Models of Equality and Welfare
Time period
22.02.16 – 01.03.16
Title:
“Social changes to the family institutional model”
Candidate number: 2325
Option 2.
4. 3
Abstract
Social changes are a paradox that occurs in a daily basis where people seeks love and partners to
marry for their lifetime.
In Nordic countries there are more divorced couples than in Southern Europe. People find new life-
time partners and they want the love to last. This affects the family institution model in a way where
families get interconnected with other families. In this way it’s possible to see it as a bigger family
model then before.
The welfare model suits the Nordic family policies mostly in the traditional way, and the equality
policies are getting good. Has it gone so far into a new social change that the Nordic family
institution model need some changes? Does the welfare and equality model support all kinds of
families?
5. 4
Option 2
Social changes to the family institutional model
There are many types of families in our early century 2016. Divorced families re-marries with other
partners and therefore makes the family bigger with agreements of custody rights for their children.
It is not so long ago that the Equality Commission in Norway decided that there were a lot of work
to do to deliver better equality to the market and family unions. “In 2011, the government-appointed
Equality Commission, consisting of 12 of the leading gender researchers in Norway, concluded that
Norwegian gender equality policy was unsuccessful (NOU 2011: 18)”.
(http://www.geq.socjologia.uj.edu.pl/documents/32447484/80907944/GEQ_Working_Paper_GE_P
olicy_Norway_TKorsvik.pdf ) 29.02.16. One year later there was an exciting report on the 10. April
2012, The UN – High Commissioner for Human Rights states that;
“One overriding goal of Norwegian policy has been to make the balance between family life and working life
possible.This has strengthened women in the labour market enabling them to income and economic
independence. Shared parenthood and shared family responsibilities are main factors of this process of change.
Individual rights, individual protection and universal arrangements have strengthened the individual, women
and men. Legislation and individual rights have made Norway into one of the least family-dependent and most
individual societies. For instance individual taxation of spouses,individual rights in the social insurance
scheme, genderequal marriage legislation and children rights law. The family still remains as a central social
institution, but also infused with a moral of logic of autonomy and equality.”
(http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Women/WG/PublicPoliticalLife/Norway.pdf ) 29.02.16.
Some couples in our country are divorcing because of their sexual orientation has turned into
homosexuality, or it might be another reason they leave their partners. There are parents with
psychiatric diagnosis that after treatment can function well, more alike the rest of the society. Can it
be interpreted as that different classes, ethnicity and decreased function is also included in the new
agreement of 2014?
Social equality about having children and getting a job should be more a human right for everyone.
The reason children need to get a good knowledge about their parent is for biological reasons. Even
though this is not always the practical traditional model. Children’s rights are also an important law
6. 5
we must consider to fit in the equality system. Can previous parents that has gotten sick, get their
second chances after treatment? Some cases might be hard to solve, but if they meet a new partner
and their life has changed to the better – what would be the right thing to do for these people?
Is it unequal to say they cannot have children? This is one of the social challenges the Nordic
countries is heading through. But big families either split, or they can help each other. This makes
changes in the social structure of the family bigger, and every child deserves a good childhood and
a family that loves them no matter what. The Health § 10a says that;
“Health professionals should help to safeguard the need for information and necessary follow-up that minor
children of patients with mental illness, drug addiction or serious physical illness or injury can have as a result
of the parent's condition. (..) Healthcare professionals providing health care to the patient mentioned in the first
paragraph shall apply to determine whether the patient has minor children. (..) When it is necessary to
safeguard the child's needs, the health personnelincluding
a) conversation with the patient about the child's information or monitoring needs and provide information and
guidance on appropriate measures. Within the framework of confidentiality the health personnelalso offer
child and others who care for the child, to take part in such a conversation
b) obtain consent to conduct follow-up which health personneldeems appropriate
c) help the child and the people who care for the child, in accordance with rules on confidentiality, given
information about the patient's disease state,treatment and opportunity for companionship. The information
shall be in a form that is tailored to the patient's individual circumstances .”
(Alnes, 2009, http://tidsskriftet.no/article/2125166/ ) 02.03.2016.
This can be interpreted in different ways, but it seems like it’s the family around or people that
cares for the child the mostly that are obligated to take care for the children while the parent(s) are
sick. They should as often as possible and if it’s not a threat to the child, keep the love between the
parents and their children awake. This is because if when the parents get well, they can be
transferred back to their homes or at least have a good relationship to them.
A few single mothers are young when they become a parent, and this might give them more
difficulties after they lose their three-year long cash-transfer support. “The Ministry may issue
regulations detailing the contents of the health care professionals' obligations under this provision”.
7. 6
(Alnes, 2009, http://tidsskriftet.no/article/2125166/ ) 02.03.2016. Sometimes they don’t make it so
far, and they have to give their kids into foster-care.
This is often elder families with mostly the traditional kind of family model. The kids get a lot of
welfare, cash-transfers through the new system they get, and it often gets very unequal at the bottom
for the young mothers. What can be supported to prevent these types of situations. This is not
human equality and welfare at the best. They might have experienced some trouble getting the job
they needed. Huffington Post has this argument to come with;
“Despite the fight for equal opportunity,women are still earning less than men do, working part-time more
than men do, have fewer power positions,are under-represented in municipal politics, and are choosing to stay
at home longer which in its turn affects professionalcareers. Ethnic Norwegian men dominate in positions of
power in most sectors ofNorwegian society. (…) Formal equality is about equal opportunities to participate,
and to make the choices that affect yourlife. Real equality is about equal distribution of participation,
resources,power and responsibilities.” (Brother, 2015, http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/mona-elisabeth-
brother/gender-equality-norway_b_6809300.html ) 24.02.16.
There is now an analysis of gender policy regimes taken by Sanisbury that divides into four
dimensions which is “Whether the rights are individualized or familialized, Degree to which
gendered differentiation in entitlements is based on the traditional division of labour between
women and men. Scope of state responsibility for caring tasks. Women’s and men’s equal access to
paid work” (Sainsbury 1999:79, SÜMER, 2009:26). This social science was written in 2009.
The familialistic model describes a typical Southern European family type of living where they care
for each other within the family. Can this be a more equal model for the young single mothers? A
Norwegian statement from the government in 2006 is that “An “extended” family can provide good
support and assistance and bring joy to both children and adults in a hectic everyday life when both
parents are working outside the home.” (Øye, 2006, https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/the-
greatest-of-all-is-love-on-norwegian/id437476/ ) 29.02.16.
When you compare welfare regimes and the family policies you have to look upon how people live
to survive and the targeting birth-rate. Esping-Andersen (1990, 1992, SÜMER, 2009:20) has the
8. 7
model that there are “three regimes” that is being based on an analysis on T. H. Marshall’s
proposition. This is a social citizenship with ideas of welfare and variations:
“He underlines that in comparing welfare states,we have to think in terms of social relations since power,
democracy and welfare are all relational and structured phenomena. The nature of class mobilization, class
coalition structures and historical legacy of the institutionalization of political behaviour are important factors
in understanding welfare state variations.” (SÜMER, 2009:20)
These three regimes are decommodification, Social stratification and State, market (and family)
relations. The Scandinavian countries has also key characteristics of their welfare model which is:
“Comprehensiveness, Level of institutionalism and Universalism.” (SÜMER, 2009:41) The last
characteristic is about uniting the population in a more comprehensive sort of way.
In the historical view of Norway, Gro Harlem Brundtland, our former prime minister was a key to
open up a more “…“woman-friendly” welfare state. This notion was coined by political scientist
Helga Maria Hernes, herself a member of the Labour Party, in her 1987 book Welfare State and
Woman Power: Essays in State Feminism: 13.” (Korsvik, 2014:22,23) The notion stated of Helga
Maria Hernes was revolutionary and is quoted as following;
“A woman-friendly state would enable women to have a natural relationship to their children, their work and
public life […]. A woman-friendly state would not force harder choices on women than on men, or permit
unjust treatment on the basis of sex. In a woman-friendly state women will continue to have children, yet there
will also be other roads to self-realization open to them. In such a state women will not have to choose futures
that demand greater sacrifices from them than are expected of men (Hernes 1987, p. 15), (13 For an analysis of
the analytical potential and normative value of Helga M. Hernes’ concept about woman-friendly welfare states
in a Scandinavian perspective, see Borchorst & Siim 2008. 23).”
(http://www.geq.socjologia.uj.edu.pl/documents/32447484/80907944/GEQ_Working_Paper_GE_Policy_Nor
way_TKorsvik.pdf) 29.02.16
Well, we are now in 2016 and the newest report is from last year 17.02.2015 where there is another
agreement that is called “Women, Peace and Security”. This plan was published in the Norwegian
Governments home page as follows; “Prime Minister Erna Solberg presented the action plan in
Oslo on 16 February 2015, together with Minister of Foreign Affairs Børge Brende, Minister of
9. 8
Defence Ine Eriksen Søreide, Minister of Justice and Public Security Anders Anundsen, and
Minister of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion Solveig Horne.”
(https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/departementene/ud/vedlegg/fn/ud_handlingsplan_kfs_eng
_nett.pdf )29.02.16. There has been changes in how we represent equality matters and goals. But
what are these changes and do they highlight our type of thinking when it comes to equality and the
welfare state?
The content of this agreement is goals that needs to be fulfilled and resolutions that includes men in
participating “in to play a more active part in ensuring that both women and men can enjoy the
benefits of peace, security and equal rights.” (Norwegian Government, “Women, Peace and
Security, 2015 – 18”:5) 29.02.16. This is further a strongly a matter of establishing and evolve the
way of living together in peace and harmony until the women will get the life they are needed. This
is further explained in this report like;
“…norms and make recommendations on how to integrate a gender perspective into peace and security efforts.
The starting point is that ensuring women’s participation and taking the experience of women into account are
of crucial importance in preventing and dealing with conflict, in providing effective protection for women, and
for establishing peace processes that result in sustainable peace. The resolutions point to the need to
incorporate a gender perspective into international operations,so that the security needs of both men and
women are taken into account.” (Norwegian Government, “Women, Peace and Security”, 2015 – 18”:9)
29.02.16
It is also stated that women “must be able to take part in the peace processes” (Norwegian
Government, “Women, Peace and Security:11) that they enter through life. This could be stated
from this report as sexual violence or a humanitarian crisis. This is also an equal right for settling
down their family life in Norway. UIO has stated that; “Gender equality policies in Norway:
“Everybody’s job, nobody’s responsibility”?” (Korsvik, 2014, lest 29.02.16). This is more about
equality rights and history around it. Why everyone takes responsibility on their job, but are also
living their family life. The standard goes so far out in the world that we have the Norwegian Model
to go after;
As Danielsen & Larsen put it: The field of family and gender equality was made into policy of inclusion and
integration. The aim of the public policies was to integrate “the others”,the new Norwegians, into the
10. 9
Norwegian Model. In this way they were channelled into the pattern of the genderequal, double working
couple, the ideal of the good life (Danielsen et al. 2013, p. 351). (Korsvik, 2014:30
http://www.geq.socjologia.uj.edu.pl/documents/32447484/80907944/GEQ_Working_Paper_GE_Policy_Norw
ay_TKorsvik.pdf ) 29.02.16.
This model is close to the Nordic institutional model of equality and welfare. That is because we
have institutions like kindergarten, school-system and “SFO” that take care of the children while the
parents work. Here in the agreement, the daddy’s get “daddy’s quota”. That means more space to
stay home with the kids at an early stage, so the mother can go to work after her own quota. This is
to make it easier for the couple in their parenthood and for cooperate among their kids.
This might be to prevent divorce, as it is more common in Nordic countries where women have
more free will, and are not that much economic dependent on their husband. But, then again, if they
are in a healthy relationship it is not likely they will divorce. Divorces and broken cohabitations are
family trends that makes a lot of single parenthood in the Nordic countries. Heikkila, M., Hvinden,
B., Kautto, M., Marklund, S., Ploug, N. (2002:74) has found out in their research that;
“…the economic level of single parents in Sweden was good in the sense there were remarkably few below the
poverty level. This is the success side ofthe Nordic income transfer policies. While investigating possible
long-term consequences they found that women and men who had grown up in single-parent families, although
not earning less then those growing up with both biological parents,were over-represented among recipients of
social assistance (Gustafson et al. 1997)…”
This is why it might not be so good to divorce or move in a single-parenthood, but take a great
consideration before this happens. Some separated parents meet new life-partners as well. This is an
about 10-20-year old trend we now may see the consequences of. These kids might learn how
important it is to stay in a healthy relationship in a while before having kids? And what will happen
with the kids living in foster-cares. Will they become strong parents? As the Government in
Norway states:
“Society should support good,lasting partnerships because they have a fundamental impact on the conditions
in which children grow up. Certain measures have been implemented over a number of years aimed at
preventing the break-up of marriages and partnerships”. (Regjeringen, 2006,
https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/the-greatest-of-all-is-love-on-norwegian/id437476/) lest 29.02.16.
11. 10
The Scandinavian welfare are mostly supporting the family institutional model as a “dual-earner
family model” and it’s still working quite well. In a welfare model there are also “a traditional male
breadwinner family” and “states leaving it to individuals to find private or market-based solutions
(Korpi, 2000)” (Ellingsæther, 2006:121). In Norway there are all accurate, but the “hybrid” family
model, is most common. This model is combining a “double-track” with the “dual-earner support”
(Ellingsæther, 2006:121). It’s because there are mostly two types of families, but there are also
single parents now in 2016 that have been single-mothers with cash transfers that has ended up in
new relationships and new kids. What kind of family model does these fit in?
The social changes – what is defined as different?
With the social changes as an interconnected family sphere, where you have more than one family
to keep up with. Is it the liberty that makes us so changeable? Ruth Lister has her statement in “A
Nordic Nirvana? Gender, Citizenship, and Social Justice in the Nordic Welfare States*” about
Sweden and the Nordic. There has been changes since 2009, but yet again it seems like the people
are turning back to the “liberal-left again”;
“One reason why Sweden and the otherNordic countries hold this place in the “liberal-left imagination” is
because politics and policy are, more than elsewhere in Europe, framed by values that the liberal-left holds
dear. Ed Miliband, an influential British Cabinet minister, has held up Scandinavian social democracy as a
model because of its tradition of: “sustained incremental change which knits progressive values deep into the
fabric of the country” (2007, 111). More than any otherwelfare state model, the Nordic or social democratic
model is not just a label applied by welfare regime analysts but is worn with pride by Scandinavian
governments and citizens.” (Lister, 2009:245-246, http://www.vasa.abo.fi/users/minygard/Undervisning-
filer/Lister%202009.pdf ) 29.02.16.
Now, in 2016 the Norwegians have the right party, as we wanted Erna Solberg as our prime
minister. But it might change, as it seems to go from right to more left again as earlier described.
This is because of the smaller communes that voted in 2015 wants more of the Labour party to
decide over our way in the politics. Of 19 counties there are 17 that have become a Labour party
area. (Torseth, Valvik, 2015, http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/politikk/Slik-stemte-Norge-
12. 11
8165228.html ) 29.02.16. This is why politics is so important when it comes to equality and welfare
models. Weedon (1987:1) has a huge matter of comment in the article “Different Perspectives on
Gender” which is;
“…`Feminism is politics`, and should be seen as synonymous with critique and change. Feminist theorizing is
directed at the creation of knowledge not only to study the world but how to change it (Stanley, 1990)”
(Alvesson,Mats and Billing, 2009:21).
It is therefore important to believe that a more equal politics, will result in more equal justice in
taking care of the children in the different typologies of families. And what will be the
consequences for the kids growing up in the biggest families? As long as there is a lot of love and
good cooperation among the people involved, there will be good preconditions for these children.
This is something that needs to be investigated further, but equal rights and good treatment for the
parents are very important in the processes.
The different types of family models started to evolve more and more the past years, and is this the
new paradox? It might have a linkage to equality, feminism and the newer regimes. Types of
welfare is also a factor. To find out if this is something to investigate, we need more science.
“National case studies are particular valuable, as they attend to complexity, context and chronology
within the national setting (Daly and Lewis 1998).” (Ellingsæther, 2006:123).
This is because of the economic situation, some people can choose to live alone to get the money
transfers, instead of being a house wife. This might be rarely, but is it true? The chronological
setting is therefore important to take in consideration. “High-quality and affordable childcare
services are one of the most important components in supporting parents’/mothers’ right to work”
(Ellingsæther, 2006:123). The “service regime” therefore has also a lot to say in how good the
parent will do as a family model. If this doesn’t work properly, the parents might get sick.
So the childcare has a lot to say in helping parents getting on in their careers so they do not get in
financial trouble and hit the wall. This is very helpful in the Nordic system, and there are a lot that
can prevent parents for getting too sick to take care of their children. To get equal rights between
human beings in Norway, we must consider the children’s needs and happiness as well.
13. 12
The family institution model – how to accept changes
The Equal opportunities for the families in the Scandinavian welfare model is also included in the
EUs documents. The 3rd Action Programme for Equal Opportunities (1991-1995) is in the EU
documents this is defined as follows:
“Gender mainstreaming is the integration ofthe gender perspective into every stage of policy processes –
design,implementation,monitoring and evaluation – with a view to promoting equality between women and
men. It means assessing how policiesimpact on the life and position of both women and men – and taking
responsibility to re-address them if necessary. This is the way to make gender equality a concrete reality in the
lives of women and men creating space for everyone within the organisations as well in communities – to
contribute to the process of articulating a shared vision of sustainable human development and translating it
into reality (EC nd)”. (SÜMER, 2009:80)
“Gender mainstreaming” can have an effect on how people live their lives today, where the
Government can adjust their policies so it fits better into the society we live in. Better equality will
also achieve the welfare of living in different types of families. As Strategaki 2005, Lombardo and
Meier 2006 mentions that this concept is misunderstood and at times misused. Therefore, there is a
need for academic involvement in the discussions. It is also about witch context you’re in and how
deep the insight will be in working on mainstreaming. (SÜMER, 2009:80)
This work may need a psychological hypothesis and testing to find new policies that will give new
well function policies in this society. Social changes can affect the policies in equality and welfare,
and therefore is the strategy in mainstreaming an analyse tool which can be used to affect new
policies.
“The use of gendermainstreaming as a strategy implies analysing issues from a genderperspective and aiming
at more equal solutions.The authorities should at least analyse their field of responsibility to identify possible
gender perspectives.If a new policy or a change in a policy implicates genderinequalities, the policy needs to
be reformulated.”
(Gender in Norway, 2006, http://www.gender.no/Policies_tools/1090 ) 29.02.16.
This is when we can think of all the inequalities that come up on our daily basis. What is not good
enough, what must we as women accept, and what can be changed? Can there be more appropriate
14. 13
treatment for the ill parents that love their kids? Are they allowed to get a second chance later in
their lives? Some of them are war victims coming to Norway and need some assistance. Do they
feel the equality that the Nordic countries are so famous about? Per Arne Sandvold states that:
"It is time to realize some realities. Norway does not have a uniform culture anymore, we are multicultural.
Norway is not only ethnic Norwegian anymore, we have multi-ethnic background.Norway has not only a
dominant religion anymore but is a diverse religious landscape with several religions. Norway has not only one
living longer but many. This is a challenge but also offers opportunities.(...) It is easy to be blinded by
different. What we have in common is that we are human beings.We are people with dreams of a good life.
What we have in common is the same country; this is where we will stay together." (Sandvold, 2016,
http://www.aftenbladet.no/meninger/debatt/Hva-er-norsk-3878662.html ) 26.02.16.
So, the newest debate goes on our ethnicity and how we all are “people with dreams of a good life”
(Sandvold, 2016). If women want to be a good single parent, why should they not? On the other
side, if people in treatment want to be parents when its settling down around them why can’t they?
Is it unequal to say that some people does not deserve a second chance? These are changeable
sociologic factors that floats in our system. If there are changes, why can’t people just accept them?
Another aspect on equal rights for the parents
Another way of thinking of unequal rights are for the gay parents that wishes a good life with
children. They have fought for a long time and now they have the opportunity to raise their kids.
Victory for these people in equal rights have come to stay:
“In Norway, a gender-neutral Marriage Law that secured equal marriage and parenting rights for lesbian, gay
and heterosexual couples took effect in January 2009. The aim of the current study was to explore Norwegian
beliefs about equal marriage and parenting rights for lesbian, gay and heterosexual couples and the welfare of
children with lesbian and gay parents.” (Hollekim, Slaatten og Anderssen,2011,
https://bora.uib.no/bitstream/handle/1956/5600/A%20Nationwide%20Study%20of%20Norwegian%20Beliefs
%20About%20Same-sex.pdf?sequence=1) 02.03.2016.
15. 14
This happened 7 years ago, but it is not that long time. But think of the bright side, this is an
important equal right for the parents wishing kids. It is also possible to place it into a Nordic
familialistic institutional model. We have to follow up the weak people to prevent unequal rights in
our society. More research should lead to more positive outcomes for these people suffering from
the negativity and unequal treatment. If this is not politically correct, it does not mean it’s wrong:
“Knowledge then easily becomes constructed in ways to benefit the cause.Key virtues such as honesty,
curiosity, carefulness and caution may suffer. In addition, there is the problem of who is to determine how the
social world should be changed and which part of status quo disadvantages ordevalues women. Researchers
should carefully reflect upon this, be aware of arrogance and elitism and show considerable openness about
whether their views are `correct ones`and not only the political correct ones.” (Alvesson & Billing, 2009:21)
There are also “three major points” in gender studies we have to take a notice of. The first one is
“the notion of gender is central and relevant to understanding all social relations, institutions and
processes” (Alvesson & Billing, 2009:21), which may be brought in to consideration when we work
along the different family models. Second, “gender relations constitute a problem as they are
characterized by patterns of domination/subordination, inequalities, oppression and oppositions”
(Alvesson & Billing, 2009:21) and this is an important view of the weaker people in our society.
These points can be highlighted in science when we consider the Nordic family model and the
changes we are going through. At last we must look upon the gender and the inequality with much
care. If we want a change, then talk about it. Get it to the politics and we might get a different angle
after a little while. Cooperation with the system is the best thing to do, for a change in the future:
“gender relations are seen as social constructions.They are not naturally given – an offspring of biology and
impossible to change – but an outcome of socio-cultural and historical conditions,i.e. of processes in which
people interpret and (re)create the social world.” (Alvesson & Billing, 2009:21)
And as the Government in Norway states in 2015, we might see some changes on when it comes to
the people with disabilities. They are “Persons with disabilities are to have the same living
conditions and quality of life as the rest of the population” and this was a very important brake
through. “The Ministry of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion coordinates policy, The Ministry
16. 15
of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion (the Ministry) is responsible for the national anti-
discrimination legislation which, among other things, prohibits discrimination on the basis of
disability. In addition, the Ministry coordinates the government's policy regarding persons with
disabilities” (Espinoza, 2015, https://www.regjeringen.no/en/topics/equality-and-social-
inclusion/likestilling-og-inkludering/funksjonsnedsetjingar/id2005941/ ) 02.03.2016.
This mean that people suffering from injury, should have the same rights as other people in
Norway. When it comes to parenthood, there can be adjustments in their home that can make them
a good parent with help from their bigger family. They should not lose their kids right away. This
may remind us about the Southern-European family model, but we have institutions that can also
provide a good situation for their kids. Love is great, and biology is also very important.
“The biological principle is based on the fundamental belief that children primarily intended to grow up with
their biological parents and that it is important to know their biological parents.Child Welfare Act states,
however, state that child must be decisive. This means that the child's basic needs for protection and care must
be emphasized over parental rights and upbringing in biological family.” (Regjeringen, barnevern, 2011,
https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/utvalg-som-skal-vurdere-biologisk-prinsi/id633852/ ) 02.03.2016.
The rules about the children’s safety are quite clear. They should not experience any harm and this
is more important than biology. This is very acceptable as we don’t want anything bad happen to
our kids. Equal rights are important, but sometimes the human rights can crash where the children
are more important than the “grown-ups”. But are the measures too small for helping the parents at
an early stage. And what if it has gone 10 years since the parent lost his/her kids. Can they become
great parents later on? People do mature and the society changes through time. This must be to
break or make a new paradigm which is not so very easy to do.
“Paradigm, one problem being accepted as exemplary for solutions of similar problems within the same
science, and thereby creates a scientific tradition. The term was introduced in the philosophy of science and
history of science Thomas S. Kuhn in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962)” (Tønnesen,2015,
https://snl.no/paradigme)02.03.2016.
17. 16
A paradigm is therefore something we all believe in is true, but sometimes may change over newer
science. So, if we want more change we may have to find more science in helping parents that are
sick, and not tolerate that they are sick forever. Helping each other to prevent that children lose their
parents might be a suggestion and bring this on the table. This can cause the Nordic family model
some safety. Everyone has their dreams we all want to fulfil. This might be a solution in the future,
but the children’s safety is always important.
18. 17
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http://tidsskriftet.no/article/2125166/ 02.03.2016.
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Understanding Gender and Organizations, Sage, Los Angeles/London/New
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19. 18
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