The document provides background information on the life of Jews in Europe before and during World War 2 and the Holocaust. It discusses how Nazism rose to power in Germany and began persecuting Jews. It describes the living conditions for Jews in eastern Europe, Germany, and occupied countries before they were sent to concentration camps. The summary then explains how concentration camps operated, the horrific treatment and brutal experimentation Jews endured, including differences in experiences for men, women, and children. It lists some of the major extermination camps and provides brief descriptions.

1. The Jewish Holocaust
“Trackers of the fate of the innocent” 1st High School of Vyron

2. Jews’ life conditions before
the war

3. The rise
of the
Nazis

4. Nazism was the ideology of the German Nazi Work Party. It was
developed as a special form of fascism, under the influence of pan-
Germanism and other phobias or prejudices, taking advantage of the
crisis conditions in Germany during the 1920’s.

5. The main purposes of Nazism
War effort for the creation of living space and
The domination of the superior race (aria race) as opposed to other races
(putting aside economic interests and the battle of social classes)

6. Photo from the street of the
jewish colony in Paris before
the war. Paris, France, 1933-
1939.
When the Nazis came into power in Germany in
1933, Jews lived in every country in Europe. 9
million Jews lived in countries that were to come
under german domination during the 2nd World
War. By the end of the war, 2 out of 3 of these
jews would be dead and the lives of the jews in
Europe would change forever.
In 1933 the greatest jewish populations were
assembled in eastern Europe including Poland, the
Soviet Union, Hungary and Romania. Many of the
eastern Europe jews lived in jewish cities or
villages, that were named shtetls.

7. Hitler: Ascent of Power
Shows his true intention:
The prosecution of Jews begins in order to “clean” as he used to say himself, the German culture from
other impacts.
His members establish an authoritarian and shocking, dictatorial regime.
Prosecution of communists, socialists and liberal cadres.
The first concentration camp is established in Buchenwald where those opposed to the German regime and
homosexuals are imprisoned.

8. Jews in prewar
Germany
According to the census of June
1933, the population of Germany’s
Jews was about 500,000. Jews
accounted for slightly less than
1% of the total German population
(around 67 million). Unlike normal
inventory methods, the Nazi
racists criteria codified in the
Nuremberg Laws of 1935 and
defined as Jewish a person in
accordance with the religion that
was practiced by the individual’s
grandparents.
Left photo:Three generations of
a Jewish family pose for a group
photo. Vilnius, 1938-1939

9. Consequently, the Nazis considered Jews thousands of people who had
embarrassed other religions abandoning Judaism, even Roman Catholic priests
and nuns and Protestant priests who had Jewish grandparents. The 80% of
the German Jews (about 400,000) had German nationality. The remainder
were mostly Jews of Polish citizenship, many of whom were born in Germany
and resident in the country. Overall around 70% of Germany’s Jews lived in
the 10 largest German cities, including Berlin (about 160,000), Frankfurt
(around 26,000), the Bruslaou (about 20,000), Hamburg (about 17,000),
Cologne (about 15,000), Hanover (about 13,000) and Leipzig (about 12,000).

10. Two German-Jewish families at a gathering
before the war. Only two people from two
families survived the Holocaust. Germany,
1928.
The first grade of primary school in a Jewish
school. Cologne, Germany, 1929-1930

11. Jewish vendors sell their wares at an outdoor
market in front of the Stara synagogue.
Krakow, Poland, 1936
However, despite their
differences, they were similar in
one respect: Since the 1930s,
with the rise of the Nazis to
power in Germany, they all
became potential victims, and
their lives changed dramatically
forever.
Jews could be found in every
sector of life, as farmers, tailors,
dressmakers, labor in factories,
accountants, doctors, teachers
and small business owners. Some
families were wealthy; most were
poor. Many children interrupted
their schooling early to work in a
laboratory or deal with trade;
others were eager to continue
their studies at university level.

12. The causes of persecution
of Jews

13. Hatred against the Jews was only a part of the ideology of National Socialism
regarding other religions and allogeneic, compared with the "Aryans" people.
License Destruction of Life Not Worth Living
It is notable that in 1904 The German Eugenics Society was founded by Alfred Plets . The
"eugenics" was a German movement whose "banner" project entitled "License Destruction of
Life Not Worth Living," was one of the main pillars of the ideology of hatred instilled in
Hitler and his companions.
So, according to eugenics, the movement "defended the theory that the extermination of"
useless people "should be legalized. Thus, the concepts of "useless life" or "life not worth
living" used by the Nazis came from that book.

14. Hitler’s aim: The
global extermination
of the Jewish nation
Hitler’s aim was the global extermination of
the Jewish nation, which for 2000 years was
wandering across Europe, having established
powerful cells in many countries. Hitler
considering that capitalism and also Jews were
the ones holding back Germany from developing
the way it was able to, decided to send away all
the Jews from Germany. However, as Nazi
Germany was enlarging during the 2nd World
War, the important people of nazism, had to
face the fact that powerful jewish populations
existed in the countries that they had
conquered. With that in mind the “only
solution” was mass execution. Furthermore
based on the nazistic thesis there were the
Aryans, the rest of the lower class people, and
the people that didn’t deserve to exist. In
the third category belonged: Jews, Gypsies,
Homosexuals, people with hereditary diseases,
and others.

15. Making concentrations camps

16. Some of the largest and
the most important
extermination camps
in the Second World War

17. Auschwitz-Birkenau: Poland
Now

18. Kulmhof: Poland
Then
Now

19. Mauthausen: Germany
2.000.000 people were exterminated
The hill where
they fell off so as
to escape
Death chamber
(Left)
Crematorium
(Right)

20. Belzek: Poland
Then
Now

21. Majdanek: Poland
Then
Now
Mausoleum

22. Dachau: Germany

23. Treblinka: Poland
The train station to get to the camp
Then
Now

24. The life in the camp

25. Sobibor:Poland-limits of Ukraine
The landing station for the camp
Then
Now

26. Men’s life
The life and manner in which
the Jews died in the Nazi
camps is one of the greatest
crimes that have been
committed in the history of
mankind.

27. Originally, it was meant to be a military
camp for working captives of the war as
well as for prisoners, but its function
changed just a few months later.
Most of the victims arrived there by train
often after long journeys inside wagons
used for transporting animals.
The longest recorded journey had a total
duration of 17 days.For 17 days people
used to live without food, water of
cleanliness.
After their arrival at Auschwitz station,
SS soldiers led these people to the
military camp.
After the first arrivals, rails were built
that led directly inside the military camp
so that captives and prisoners wouldn't
know what to expect.
Life in Auschwitz

28. Screening
The victims were often
transported directly to the
gas chambers, but more often
they were screened by the
Nazi camp doctors, so that the
weak, the elderly and the
patients were separated from
the skilled workmen.

29. Εxploitation
and
mistreatment
This way of doing was a good
opportunity for SS to make
profits at the expense of the
prisoners.At the same time, SS
soldiers, as well as employees of
German companies, mistreated
the workers, many of whom
eventually died exhausted from
work.
All of these events resulted in
the destruction of a large number
of Jews and the disappearance of
a whole civilization.

30. Women’s life

31. Everyday life
According to their few but equally
shocking testimonies, the "life" of
these women at their new "home" was
characterized by hardship, lack of
food and medication and generally a
tough daily schedule. They were no
longer humans but literally animals ...

32. Torture
At first they shaved their
heads… They would use their hair
to make blankets or carpets.

33. Experiments
They would force them into every-day experiments to
try new ways of sterilization and birth of twins.

34. ANGELS of death
Mengele
Joseph Mengele
Carl Klauberg
Horst Schumann
Maximilian Samuel
Of course, it was not just them ... but they are
referred to as the "Angels of Death".
Samuel said that "Of these, the most experiments were
only crimes without any medical substance."

35. The
“number”
Apart from all the tortures mentioned
above that women suffered there was one
more which naturally applied to men and
children ( not including the ones who were
led to gas chambers)... The number… the
number which negatively altered their life
forever.It was a number which included
their name their origin and later (only for
the survivors) their memories.

36. Children’s life
In ghettos, Jewish children died because of
hunger and difficult weather conditions since
they weren’t given clothes or a place to stay.
The German authorities were totally
indifferent to all these massive deaths since
they considered young children as
unproductive people who consumed food
without offering anything.

37. At the
concentration camp
(prison camp)
At the prison camp the German doctors and
various researches send lots of kids for
medical experiments , having as a result lots
of deaths. The authorities mainly used teen
Jewish for heavy works. Lots of them lost
their lives due to the horrible working
conditions while others were temporarily
imprisoned by the German authorities as in
the case of Anne Frank and her sister Bergen-
Belsen.

38. In the extermination camps
Since, in general, children
could not be exploited as
workforce,due to their
youth,they were chosen
alongside with the elderly
to be transported to the
extermination ghettos or
were the first victims to be
executed in common
graves.

39. The 10 toughest women in concentration camps

40. Women - monsters
Juana Bormann, the woman with the
dogs....
Dorothea Binz, the guard with the
ax…
Greta Bozel, the unhesitating
Elizabeth Falkenrat, best schoolgirl
...
Maria Mandel, the perverted
Herta Bothe, the sadist
Hildegard Lächert, the Beast…
Ruth Neudeck, the shovel ..
Wanda Klaff, the smart! …
Alice Orlowsky, the ""

41. Crime and
Punishment

42. The trial
of Nuremberg
Twelve top Nazis
are led to death
After the war, some of those
responsible for the crimes
committed during the Holocaust
were brought to court. Nuremberg
of Germany was chosen as the
venue for the trials in 1945 and
1946. Judges coming from the
allied forces -Great Britain,
France, the Soviet Union and the
United States-presided the
heaning at the trial of 22 crucially
important nazis war criminals
Twelve top Nazis were sentenced
to death.

43. Hitler,Himmler
and Goebbels
suicide
Adolf Hitler, Heinrich Himmler
and Joseph Goebbels were
never tried, and had committed
suicide before the war. The
International Court of Justice
decided not to prosecute
Hitler after death in order to
avoid the impression that he
was still alive.

44. Eichmann: The
dispatcher
displacement of
Jews
The Nazi trials continued both
in Germany and in other
countries. Simon Wiesenthal, a
Nazi hunter identified Adolf
Eichmann in Argentina.
Eichmann, who had designed
and completed the deportation
of millions of Jews, was tried
in Israel, convicted and
executed in 1969.

45. Frenchwomen who collaborated
with the Nazis in the Second
World War
The shaved heads
In France and on the fringe of the festivities
for the ending of World War II and the
victory of allied troops, a heavy punishment
awaited women who collaborated in every way
with the German conquerors. They shaved
their head in public view. The punishment was
literally paradigmatic, since after shaving,
women were forced to parade in front of
crowds of angry people.

46. Group Nakam,
the avengers
They planned to use the
poison in 3,000 francs
intended for feeding former
SS guards who were now
captive at an American
concentration camp
1,900 German prisoners were poisoned and
300-400 died.

47. Report
5.1-6 million Jews
were murdered
Holocaust
"The Holocaust is the black box of humanity - at
least as I understand the term" humanity ". It is
an organized plan of ritual murder of a whole
cultural ensemble of people, a plan unbearably
simple and equally unbearably functional. And of
course, it was not created by a group of
psychopathological racists - it was embraced by
the entire western world for a millennium by
cultivating anti-Semitism as a functional cultural
element. In short, We are the ones who did it, not
“some others”. And since it is a reality we will live
with it, we will live with its smoke, with its smell,
with the guilt of an unprecedented crime- with our
History slipping into its history."