An approach to financial statement analysis that uses a simple, big-picture view about the company first, focusing on its most important financial issues, before learning innumerable ratios.

15. Cohu, Inc. P&L: Sales & Net Income trends (in 000's of $) 2010 % change 2009 % change 2008 Net sales 322,667 88% 171,261 (14)% 199,659 Cost of sales (212,672) (118,873) (134,691) Gross margin (not in P&L) 109,995 52,388 64,968 R&D (36,201) (31,964) (38,084) SG&A (44,117) (35,519) (36,612) Acquired, in process R&D - - (2,577) Op income (loss) 29,677 (15,095) (12,305) Interest/other income 561 1,300 5,483 EBT 30,238 (13,795) (6,822) Income tax provision/benefit (5,594) (14,373) 1,379 Net income (loss) 24,644 187% ( 28,168 ) -418% ( 5,443 )

16. Cohu, Inc. Vertical analysis (in 000's of $) 2010 2009 2008 Net sales 322,667 100% 171,261 100% 199,659 100% Cost of sales (212,672) -66% (118,873) -69% (134,691) -67% Gross margin (not in P&L) 109,995 34% 52,388 31% 64,968 33% R&D (36,201) -11% (31,964) -19% (38,084) -19% SG&A (44,117) -14% (35,519) -21% (36,612) -18% Acquired, in process R&D - 0% - 0% (2,577) -1% Op income (loss) 29,677 9% (15,095) -9% (12,305) -6% Interest/other income 561 0% 1,300 1% 5,483 3% EBT 30,238 9% (13,795) -8% (6,822) -3% Income tax provision/benefit (5,594) -2% (14,373) -8% 1,379 1% Net income (loss) 24,644 8% ( 28,168 ) -16% ( 5,443 ) -3%

17. Caterpillar, Inc. Comparative Income Statements (millions of $) 2010 2009 2008 Sales and revenues: Sales of Machinery and Engines 39,867 29,540 48,044 Revenues of Financial Products 2,721 2,856 3,280 Total sales and revenues 42,588 32,396 51,324 Operating costs: Cost of goods sold 30,367 23,886 38,415 SG&A 4,248 3,645 4,399 R&D 1,905 1,421 1,728 Interest expense of Financial Products 914 1,045 1,153 Other operating (income) expenses 1,191 1,822 1,181 Total operating costs 38,625 31,819 46,876 Operating profit 3,963 577 4,448 Gross profit (not in P&L) 11,307 7,465 11,756

18. Caterpillar, Inc. Vertical analysis (quality of earnings) (millions of $) 2010 2009 2008 Total sales and revenues 42,588 100.0% 32,396 100.0% 51,324 100.0% Operating expenses: Cost of products & services 31,281 73.5% 24,931 81.3% 39,568. 80.5% R&D 1,905 4.5% 1,421 4.4% 1,728 3.4% SG&A 4,248 0.0% 3,645 11.3% 4,399 8.6% Other op (income) exp 1,191 2.8% 1,822 5.6% 1,181 2.3% Operating profit 3,963 9.3% 577 1.8% 4,448 8.7%

19. Caterpillar, Inc. Vertical analysis 2010 ( disaggregated by product line) ($ figures in millions) 2010 Sales and revenues: Sales of Machinery & Engines 39,867 Revenues of Financial Products 2,721 Total sales and revenues 42,588 Operating expenses: Cost of goods sold 30,367 SG&A 4,248 R&D 1,905 Interest exp of Financial Products 914 Other op (income) expenses 1,191 Total operating costs 31,819 Operating profit 3,963 Gross profit (not in P&L) 11,307 Vertical analysis: Combined 100.0% 71.3% 10.0% 4.4% 2.1% 2.8% 74.7% 9.3% 26.5% Mach & engines 100.0% 76.2% 4.8% 23.8% Financial products 100.0% 33.6% 66.4%

20. Caterpillar, Inc. Profitability by period (disaggregated by product line) (millions of $) 2010 2009 2008 Machinery and Engines Sales 39,867 100.0% 29,540 100.0% 48,044 100.0% Cost of goods sold 30,367 76.2% 23,886 80.9% 38,415 80.0% Gross profit 9,500 23.8% 5,654 19.1% 9,629 20.0% R&D 1,905 4.8% 1,421 4.8% 1,728 3.6% M & E profit 7,595 19.1% 4,233 14.3% 7,901 16.4% Financial Products Revenues 2,721 100.0% 2,856 100.0% 3,280 100.0% Interest expense 914 33.6% 1,045 36.6% 1,153 35.2% Financial products profit 1,807 66.4% 1,811 63.4% 2,127 64.8%

23. Caterpillar, Inc. Operating C/F (as presented) (in millions of $) 2010 2009 2008 Net income 2,758 827 3,585 Adjustments for non-cash items: Depr & amort 2,296 2,336 1,980 Other 469 137 355 Changes in assets & liabilities: A/R (2,320) 4,014 (545) INV (2,667) 2,501 (833) A/P 2,570 (1,878) (129) Accruals 964 (1,039) 814 Customer advances 604 (646) 286 Other assets - net 358 235 (470) Other liab - net (23) 12 (371) Op C/F 5,009 6,499 4,672

24. Caterpillar, Inc. Significant Operating C/F drivers by year (in millions of $) 2010 2009 2008 Net income 2,758 827 3,585 Adjustments for non-cash items: Depr & amort 2,296 2,336 1,980 Other 469 137 355 Changes in assets & liabilities: A/R (2,320) 4,014 (545) INV (2,667) 2,501 (833) A/P 2,570 (1,878) (129) Accruals 964 (1,039) 814 Customer advances 604 (646) 286 Other assets - net 358 235 (470) Other liab - net (23) 12 (371) Op C/F 5,009 6,499 4,672

28. Caterpillar, Inc. Machinery and Engines R&D plough back ratio & trend analysis (millions of $) 2010 % of sales % change 2009 % of sales % change 2008 % of sales Sales 39,867 34.3% 29,540 -38.5% 48,044 Cost of goods sold 30,367 23,886 38,415 Gross profit 9,500 5,654 9,629 R&D 1,905 4.8% 34.1% 1,421 4.8% -17.8% 1,728 3.6% M & E profit 7,595 4,233 7,901

29. Caterpillar, Inc. Investing C/F (as presented) (millions of $) 2010 2009 2008 Cap X - excluding equipment leased to others (1,575) (1,504) (2,320) Expenditures for equipment leased to others (1,011) (968) (1,566) Proceeds from disposals of PP&E 1,469 1,242 982 Additions to finance receivables (8,498) (7,107) (14,031) Collections of finance receivables 8,987 9,288 9,717 Proceeds from sale of finance receivables 16 100 949 Investments & acquisitions (net of cash acquired) (1,126) (19) (117) Sale of available-for-sale securities 228 291 357 Investments in available-for-sale securities (217) (349) (339) Other - net 132 128 197 Net cash provided by (used for) investing (1,595) 846 (6,171)

30. Caterpillar, Inc. Investing C/F (grouped by purpose) (millions of $) 2010 2009 2008 Cap X - excluding equipment leased to others (1,575) (1,504) (2,320) Expenditures for equipment leased to others (1,011) (968) (1,566) Proceeds from disposals of PP&E 1,469 1,242 982 Investments & acquisitions (net of cash acquired) (1,126) (19) (117) Subtotal: non-financial (M&E) assets (2,243) (1,249) (3,021) Additions to finance receivables (8,498) (7,107) (14,031) Collections of finance receivables 8,987 9,288 9,717 Proceeds from sale of finance receivables 16 100 949 Subtotal: financial product assets 505 2,281 (3,365) Sale of securities 228 291 357 Investments in securities (217) (349) (339) Other - net 132 (128) 197 Net cash provided by (used for) investing (1,595) 846 (6,171)

31. Caterpillar, Inc. Combined plough back ratio *Note: Future-oriented plough back does not include expenditures for equipment leased to others (see prior slide). Reason: These represent costs of sales structured as leases rather than investment in PP&E for long-term growth. ($ figures in millions) 2010 2009 2008 Cap X - excluding equipment leased to others 1,575 1,504 2.,320 Investments & acquisitions (net of cash) 1,126 19 117 Gross "future-oriented" investing 2,701 1,523 2,437 R&D expenses 1,905 1,421 1,728 = Total "future-oriented" plough back * 4,606 2,944 4,165 -:- Sales of Machinery & Engines 39,867 29,540 48,044 = Combined Cap X / R&D plough back ratio 11.6% 10.0% 8.7%

34. Caterpillar, Inc. Free C/F * * Note: Free C/F is measured in a variety of ways. This method is very specific and is not the same as most finance texts ’ definition and formula. The standard definition addresses a company’s overall Free C/F, while this calculation only ascertains if new capital is needed to finance future-oriented investing activity. (millions of $) 2010 2009 2008 Cap X - excluding equipment leased to others (1,575) (1,504) (2,320) Proceeds from disposals of PP&E 1,469 1,242 982 Investments & acquisitions (net of cash) (1,126) (19) (117) Total net “future-oriented” investing (excl R&D) (1,232) (281) (1,455) Operating C/F 5,009 6,499 4,672 Free C/F * 3,777 6,218 3,217

36. Caterpillar, Inc. Overall liquidity: summary of net C/F and balances (in millions of $) 2010 2009 2008 Operating C/F 5,009 6,499 4,672 Investing C/F (1,595) 846 (6,171) Financing C/F (4,613) (5,215) 2,955 Net C/F (1,199) 2,130 1,456 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (76) 1 158 Beginning cash 4,867 2,736 1,122 Ending cash 3,592 4,867 2,736

37. Caterpillar, Inc. Debt / equity ratio (millions of $) 2009 2008 2008 Short-term borrowings 4,056 4,083 7,209 Long-term debt 24,362 27,548 28,326 Total debt 28,418 31,631 35,535 Total stockholders' equity 10,864 8,823 6,190 Total financial capital 39,282 40,454 41,725 Debt / equity 2.6 3.6 5.7

40. Caterpillar, Inc. Financing C/F (millions of $) 2010 2009 2008 Dividends paid (1,084) (1,029) (953) Common stock issued, incl T-shares reissued 296 89 135 Treasury shares purchased 0 0 (1,800) Debt issue proceeds: Machinery & Engines 216 458 1,673 Financial Products 8,108 11,833 16,257 Payments on debt: Machinery & Engines (1,298) (918) (296) Financial Products (11,163) (11,769) (14,143) Short-term borrowings (net) 291 (3,884 2,074 Other (not worth discussing) 21 5 8 Net cash provided (used for) financing (4,613) (5,215) 2,955

41. Caterpillar, Inc. Strategic vs tactical financing activities (millions of $) 2010 2009 2008 Dividends paid (1,084) (1,029) (953) Common stock issued, incl T-shares reissued 296 89 135 Treasury shares purchased 0 0 (1,800) Debt issue proceeds: Machinery & Engines 216 458 1,673 Financial Products 8,108 11,833 16,257 Payments on debt: Machinery & Engines (1,298) (918) (296) Financial Products (11,163) (11,769) (14,143) Subtotal “strategic financing activities” (4,925) (1,336) 873 Short-term net borrowings ( “tactical financing activities”) 291 (3,884 2,074 Other (not worth discussing) 21 5 8 Net cash provided (used for) financing (4,613) (5,215) 2,955