The Rules of Open Source and Collaboration: Copyright and Public License
Collaboration is the most important feature of open source. However, does the collaborative output belongs to public property (in the public domain) and allow anyone to be able to use without restriction? In other words, could the original project owner control the subsequent use of these results by others? These issues are referred to how the original game rules be established. This lecture will overview the rules of open source collaboration within legal framework from the default rule of copyright law and the mechanism design of different open source licenses.
開源協作的遊戲規則:著作權及公眾授權
協同合作是開放源碼最大的特色。然而,這些由眾人協作產出的成果,是否屬於公共財而讓任何人能夠毫無限制地使用?換句話說,後續由他人利用這些成果時,是 否需要遵循原作者的想法;若需要,又應如何為之?這些問題都指涉到最初的遊戲規則是如何建立的。本講座將以法律框架,從著作權的預設規範,及公眾授權的機 制設計,概覽開源軟件多人協作的遊戲規則。
For our July 11th lecture... Do I need to license my open data? There are licenses for data just like there Creative Commons for content. What are the open data licenses and how should you use them? We will be giving an introduction to open data licenses. A lively discussion will follow the short program.
01-15 Bay Area OSS Meetup: Free and Open Source Software Licensing OverviewAlexander Graebe
Gwyn Murray's slides of her talk during the Bay Area OSS meetup in January 2015.
Find more details here: http://www.meetup.com/Bay-Area-Open-Source-Meetup/
Presented by Brooks Kushman and Rogue Wave Software at the Embedded Systems Conference. It provides both legal and practical considerations in developing embedded systems using open source software (OSS). It discusses open source development tools, how to integrate OSS into embedded systems and different OSS licenses, and provide a road map to compliance.
For our July 11th lecture... Do I need to license my open data? There are licenses for data just like there Creative Commons for content. What are the open data licenses and how should you use them? We will be giving an introduction to open data licenses. A lively discussion will follow the short program.
01-15 Bay Area OSS Meetup: Free and Open Source Software Licensing OverviewAlexander Graebe
Gwyn Murray's slides of her talk during the Bay Area OSS meetup in January 2015.
Find more details here: http://www.meetup.com/Bay-Area-Open-Source-Meetup/
Presented by Brooks Kushman and Rogue Wave Software at the Embedded Systems Conference. It provides both legal and practical considerations in developing embedded systems using open source software (OSS). It discusses open source development tools, how to integrate OSS into embedded systems and different OSS licenses, and provide a road map to compliance.
Arthur became a Cat 1 hurricane on July 3rd. Arthur impacted North Carolina first. Thousands evacuated from North Carolina and its fragile outer banks before Arthur’s 7 m (22 ft) storm surge, high velocity winds and torrential rain arrived. However, many thousands chose not to evacuate and to ride out the storm. Arthur made landfall in the outer banks of North Carolina at 11:15 pm as a Cat 2 storm with winds of 166 kph (100 mph). Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
TYPHOON VONGFONG: A HUGE STORM. On Oct 7, in just 24 hours, Vongfong intensified from a CAT 2 storm to one with, 155 mph wind speeds, and an estimated central pressure of 908 millibars. The typhoon toppled trees, flooded streets and cut power to more than 60,000 homes. 35 people were reported injured in Okinawa and Kyushu, where 150,000 people were evacuated. Fifteen years ago, more than 10,000 people were killed when a cyclone hit roughly the same area, which lacked significant evacuation capability. CONCLUSION: A MAJOR IMPROVEMENT IN EVACUATION Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
South-west China lies in an area that is prone to earthquakes. An earthquake in Sichuan in 2008 killed tens of thousands of people while a magnitude 7.7 quake in Yunnan in 1970 killed at least 15,000.
When this chapter was written, Drs Roger Glass and Eric Noji were medical epidemiologists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta Georgia. Dr. Glass is currently Director of the Fogarty International Center at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda Maryland. Dr. Noji is currently Chief Executive Officer of Noji Global Health and Security LLC based in Washington DC and Geneva Switzerland
Resources for the Tuesday Tech Lab at the Wisconsin Prevention Conference. The presentation offers materials and resources for Social Networking specifically Facebook, Twitter and Blogs
A case-control study of injuries arising from the earthquake in Armenia, 1988
H.K. Armenian, E.K. Noji, & A.P. Oganesian.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 70(2): 251-257 (1992)
The study attempts to identify predictors of injuries among persons who were hospitalized following the Armenian earthquake of 7 December 1988. A total of 189 such individuals were identified through neighbourhood polyclinics in the city of Leninakan and 159 noninjured controls were selected from the same neighbourhoods. A standardized interview questionnaire was used. Cases and controls shared many social and demographic characteristics; however, 98% of persons who were hospitalized with injuries were inside a building at the time of the earthquake, compared with 83% of the controls (odds ratio = 12.20, 95% confidence interval (Cl) = 3.62-63.79). The odds ratio of injuries for individuals who were in a building that had five or more floors, compared with those in lower buildings, was 3.65 (95% Cl = 2.12-6.33). Leaving buildings after the first shock of the earthquake was a protective behaviour. The odds ratio for those staying indoors compared with those who ran out was 4.40 (95% Cl = 2.24-8.71).
WHAT IS HAPPENING? AIRLINES ON RED ALERT AFTER VOLCANIC ERUPTION IN ICELAND. After a week of seismic activity rattled the uninhabited area 200 miles (320 kilometers) east of the capital of Reykjavik with thou-sands of earthquakes, Iceland's Bardarbunga volcano began erupting Saturday (Aug. 23rd) under the country's largest glacier. An Iceland volcanologist said it was not clear when, or if, the eruption would melt through the ice — which is between 100 and 400 meters (330 feet and 1,300 feet) thick — and send steam and ash into the air. On Saturday, Icelandic authorities declared a no-fly zone of 100 nautical miles by 140 nautical miles around the eruption, but did not shut the country's airspace. An eruption at the Katla volcano could be disastrous, both for Iceland and other nations. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
The most powerful typhoon of the 2013 season approached the northern Philippines and southern Taiwan on Friday (Sept. 20) with wind reaching 300 kph (184 mph) and torrential rain. The death toll now stands at 475 and is expected to increase dramatically in the days to come. Usagi has a diameter of 1,100 kilometers (660 miles), with outer rain bands extending across the main northern Philippine island of Luzon and southern Taiwan. Forecasters predict 24-hour rainfall accumulation of 500 millimeters (nearly 20 inches) near its center. Presentation courtesy of Dr Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
Arthur became a Cat 1 hurricane on July 3rd. Arthur impacted North Carolina first. Thousands evacuated from North Carolina and its fragile outer banks before Arthur’s 7 m (22 ft) storm surge, high velocity winds and torrential rain arrived. However, many thousands chose not to evacuate and to ride out the storm. Arthur made landfall in the outer banks of North Carolina at 11:15 pm as a Cat 2 storm with winds of 166 kph (100 mph). Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
TYPHOON VONGFONG: A HUGE STORM. On Oct 7, in just 24 hours, Vongfong intensified from a CAT 2 storm to one with, 155 mph wind speeds, and an estimated central pressure of 908 millibars. The typhoon toppled trees, flooded streets and cut power to more than 60,000 homes. 35 people were reported injured in Okinawa and Kyushu, where 150,000 people were evacuated. Fifteen years ago, more than 10,000 people were killed when a cyclone hit roughly the same area, which lacked significant evacuation capability. CONCLUSION: A MAJOR IMPROVEMENT IN EVACUATION Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
South-west China lies in an area that is prone to earthquakes. An earthquake in Sichuan in 2008 killed tens of thousands of people while a magnitude 7.7 quake in Yunnan in 1970 killed at least 15,000.
When this chapter was written, Drs Roger Glass and Eric Noji were medical epidemiologists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta Georgia. Dr. Glass is currently Director of the Fogarty International Center at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda Maryland. Dr. Noji is currently Chief Executive Officer of Noji Global Health and Security LLC based in Washington DC and Geneva Switzerland
Resources for the Tuesday Tech Lab at the Wisconsin Prevention Conference. The presentation offers materials and resources for Social Networking specifically Facebook, Twitter and Blogs
A case-control study of injuries arising from the earthquake in Armenia, 1988
H.K. Armenian, E.K. Noji, & A.P. Oganesian.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 70(2): 251-257 (1992)
The study attempts to identify predictors of injuries among persons who were hospitalized following the Armenian earthquake of 7 December 1988. A total of 189 such individuals were identified through neighbourhood polyclinics in the city of Leninakan and 159 noninjured controls were selected from the same neighbourhoods. A standardized interview questionnaire was used. Cases and controls shared many social and demographic characteristics; however, 98% of persons who were hospitalized with injuries were inside a building at the time of the earthquake, compared with 83% of the controls (odds ratio = 12.20, 95% confidence interval (Cl) = 3.62-63.79). The odds ratio of injuries for individuals who were in a building that had five or more floors, compared with those in lower buildings, was 3.65 (95% Cl = 2.12-6.33). Leaving buildings after the first shock of the earthquake was a protective behaviour. The odds ratio for those staying indoors compared with those who ran out was 4.40 (95% Cl = 2.24-8.71).
WHAT IS HAPPENING? AIRLINES ON RED ALERT AFTER VOLCANIC ERUPTION IN ICELAND. After a week of seismic activity rattled the uninhabited area 200 miles (320 kilometers) east of the capital of Reykjavik with thou-sands of earthquakes, Iceland's Bardarbunga volcano began erupting Saturday (Aug. 23rd) under the country's largest glacier. An Iceland volcanologist said it was not clear when, or if, the eruption would melt through the ice — which is between 100 and 400 meters (330 feet and 1,300 feet) thick — and send steam and ash into the air. On Saturday, Icelandic authorities declared a no-fly zone of 100 nautical miles by 140 nautical miles around the eruption, but did not shut the country's airspace. An eruption at the Katla volcano could be disastrous, both for Iceland and other nations. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
The most powerful typhoon of the 2013 season approached the northern Philippines and southern Taiwan on Friday (Sept. 20) with wind reaching 300 kph (184 mph) and torrential rain. The death toll now stands at 475 and is expected to increase dramatically in the days to come. Usagi has a diameter of 1,100 kilometers (660 miles), with outer rain bands extending across the main northern Philippine island of Luzon and southern Taiwan. Forecasters predict 24-hour rainfall accumulation of 500 millimeters (nearly 20 inches) near its center. Presentation courtesy of Dr Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
OCTOBER 16, 2013
John Willinsky from the Graduate School of Education and founder of the Public Knowledge Project "...a multi-university initiative developing (free) open source software and conducting research to improve the quality and reach of scholarly publishing" and Irina Zaks from the Stanford Law School and Open Source Lab.
Their perspectives will set the stage for an open discussion about various facets of open access, including impacts and opportunities for the libraries. Please join us!
Trying to clarify the confusion that people usually make by saying Linux is an operating system and it was created by Linus Torvalds.
They are not aware about the GNU and Free Software group.
In the give presentation I have tried to explain the what is OPEN SOURCE(Open Source Software, Open Hardware,Open Content ) and various Licenses. Any suggestions, improvements and comments are most welcome
Concepts of Free Software has been spilled over into other areas and it has been expanded beyond the software; Free Software is actually Free Culture.
In this presentation I've covered the exact meaning of Free Software, as a phrase, and then try to differentiate between Free Software Foundation(FSF) and Open Source Initiative(OSI). Talk a little bit about Licenses, financial resources and revenue streams of FOSS business ecosystem and at last ending the presentation with introducing Aaron Swartz and his efforts for real freedom.
The major outcome of this presentation is insisting on the human rights of any person to know what exactly going on under the hood of their devices, have the right to access and manipulate the source codes of their gadgets, unless they don't really own it and it is severely an act of violating the privacy.
*The presentation file is around 42MB due to containing a 2mins video clip.*
خلاصه ارائه:
- حق داشتن دسترسی و تغییر کد منبع نرمافزاری و شیوهی کار دقیق سختافزاری دستگاهها از حقوق اولیهی انسانی محسوب میشه.
- انسانها با وارد کردن انواع وسایل نرم/سختافزاری به حریمخصوصی زندگیشون، باید حق داشتن دسترسی به منابع نرم/سختافزاری رو داشته باشن.
- وظیفه و مسئولیت تمام مهندسین کامپیوتر جامعه: بر منابع کدهای نرم/سختافزاری وسایل مختلف همچون خبرنگاران عینی، بررسی موشکافانه داشته باشن.
Simon Phipps, President, Open Source Initiative
Open source is not about free stuff. It's a way of granting permission in advance so that innovation can happen without obstruction and so loose-knit communities can collaborate freely. As such, it's more important than ever in an age of APIs, devices and distributed web infrastructure.
This session will:
Explain the dynamics of open source licensing
Consider the relative merits of licensing "strengths" for IoT
Discuss the challenges of software patents to APIs and open collaboration.
20 years of open source and... what’s next?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: Open source started as a marketing program for free software back in 1998. Starting as a controversial and disruptive idea, it has moved through the stages of acceptance to become the dominant idea in creating software systems. Why did it start and what was the timeline? Why did open source work so well? What's next?
BIO: Simon Phipps is managing director of Meshed Insights Ltd, providing companies with open community engagement advice. He is a pro-bono director of the Open Source Initiative, the global steward of the Open Source Definition - OSI serves to advocate for, educate about and build bridges within the open source community; of The Document Foundation, stewards of LibreOffice; and of the Open Rights Group, protecting digital rights in the UK. His career has included early engagement in establishing Java, XML and weblogs as computer industry technologies as well as contributions to open standards in a variety of fields. As chief open source officer at Sun Microsystems he supervised the open source relicensing of Solaris Unix, Java and many other software systems.
Meet up Milano 14 _ Axpo Italia_ Migration from Mule3 (On-prem) to.pdfFlorence Consulting
Quattordicesimo Meetup di Milano, tenutosi a Milano il 23 Maggio 2024 dalle ore 17:00 alle ore 18:30 in presenza e da remoto.
Abbiamo parlato di come Axpo Italia S.p.A. ha ridotto il technical debt migrando le proprie APIs da Mule 3.9 a Mule 4.4 passando anche da on-premises a CloudHub 1.0.
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
Ellisha Heppner, Grant Management Lead, presented an update on APNIC Foundation to the PNG DNS Forum held from 6 to 10 May, 2024 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBrad Spiegel Macon GA
Brad Spiegel Macon GA’s journey exemplifies the profound impact that one individual can have on their community. Through his unwavering dedication to digital inclusion, he’s not only bridging the gap in Macon but also setting an example for others to follow.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
Italy Agriculture Equipment Market Outlook to 2027harveenkaur52
Agriculture and Animal Care
Ken Research has an expertise in Agriculture and Animal Care sector and offer vast collection of information related to all major aspects such as Agriculture equipment, Crop Protection, Seed, Agriculture Chemical, Fertilizers, Protected Cultivators, Palm Oil, Hybrid Seed, Animal Feed additives and many more.
Our continuous study and findings in agriculture sector provide better insights to companies dealing with related product and services, government and agriculture associations, researchers and students to well understand the present and expected scenario.
Our Animal care category provides solutions on Animal Healthcare and related products and services, including, animal feed additives, vaccination
Internet of Things in Manufacturing: Revolutionizing Efficiency & Quality | C...
The Rules of Open Source and Collaboration: Copyright and Public License
1. ■
Richard Lin林旅強 (legist 強 )
■
richard@gitcafe.com
■
http://about.me/richard.lin
■
http://fb.me/legist
These slides are licensed under creative commons - attribution - share alike 3.0 unported.
Hong Kong Open Source Conference 2014
香港開源年會 2014/3/29 Sat.
The Rules of Open Source and Collaboration:
Copyright and Public License
2. These slides are licensed under creative commons - attribution - share alike 3.0 unported.
Hong Kong Open Source Conference 2014
香港開源年會 2014/3/29 Sat.
The Rules of Open Source and Collaboration:
Copyright and Public License
■
The Default Rule of Copyright and the
goal of Free/ Open Source Software
■
The Legal Framework to Protect Open
Source and Collaboration:
Public License and Copyleft
■
Conclusion
4. About MeAbout Me
■
Name / Nickname
■
Richard Lin 林旅強 / Legist Qiang ( 強哥 )
■
Position
■
GitCafe, D.G.Z Information Technology Ltd. (2014- )
■
Legal Specialty / Campus & Community Promoter
in OSSF, CITI, Academia Sinica (2009-2014)
■
Publish (in Chinese)
■
Legal Issues On OSS commercial application
– 開放源碼軟體商業應用之法律爭議及其可能之解決途徑
■
Empowering Citizens with Data: An Open Government Data
Handbook
– 藏智於民:開放政府資料的原則與現況 (slideshare)
8. Project HostingProject Hosting
■ Create project on GitCafe, upload the source code
managed by Git.
■ Within 5 minutes, you will have a powerful platform
to show your project to the world.
9. Join CommunityJoin Community
■ GitCafe is more than project hosting.
■ It's a great community made up of hackers and
makers who want to make cool stuffs together.
10. Collaborative Team WorkCollaborative Team Work
■ Need people to collaborate to your project? That's
what GitCafe about!
■ You can get involved in others' projects or vice
versa just with few clicks.
11. GitCafeGitCafe
■ GitCafe
■ Project Hosting
– Git
■ Join Community
■ Team Work
■ Open Source Activities in Campus and Community
■ Lecture/ Speech
■ Workshop
■ Hackathon
13. DisclaimerDisclaimer
■
These slides are published by and refects the
personal views of Richard Lin, in his individual
capacity.
■
It does not represent the views of any
communities, organizations, companies, or entities.
15. These slides are licensed under creative commons - attribution - share alike 3.0 unported.
Hong Kong Open Source Conference 2014
香港開源年會 2014/3/29 Sat.
The Rules of Open Source and Collaboration:
Copyright and Public License
■
The Default Rule of Copyright and the
goal of Free/ Open Source Software
■
The Legal Framework to Protect Open
Source and Collaboration:
Public License and Copyleft
■
Conclusion
17. Copyright: Protect Expression, not ideaCopyright: Protect Expression, not idea
本圖之取用特別聲明在非商業性、學術推廣演講中主張「合理使用」,讀者請勿更行移置他用。
http://byfiles.storage.live.com/y1p_GGIwBtrLLjVacYuiWIPhc8OVJta1Hw4r5Rr84yef7u3FggNVSHQbdlMmG4LulDuz7NKFe4g28k
18. Patent: Whole new technologyPatent: Whole new technology
Jo and Paul (CC) by-nc-sa 2.0 ;取用來源為 :
http://www.fickr.com/photos/24637969@N00/2730911205/lightbox/#/photos/24637969@N00/2730911205/
21. Trade Secret: RecipeTrade Secret: Recipe
Just keep the secret
No registration
What's the secret in an
open source project?
本圖之取用特別聲明在創用 CC 推廣演講中主張「合理使用」,讀者請勿更行移置他用;取用來源為 :
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BlU5V5BaMjY/SkOUBHQH84I/AAAAAAAAE_Q/5Vv3qP7ZYao/s1600/CokeSecretIngredient.JPG ( 右 )
http://www.digitaldeliftp.com/Images/pings/secret_formula_230x150.png ( 左 )
28. CopyrightCopyright
■ Copyrighted Work
■ Public Domain
■ Free
Proprietary
Software
Public
Domain
The work is over the
copyright protection
period or the copyright
holder says: I don't hold
my copyright anymore.
29. CopyrightCopyright
■ Copyrighted Work
■ Public Domain
■ Free
Proprietary
Software
Public
Domain
The work is over the
copyright protection
period or the copyright
holder says: I don't hold
my copyright anymore.
34. These slides are licensed under creative commons - attribution - share alike 3.0 unported.
Hong Kong Open Source Conference 2014
香港開源年會 2014/3/29 Sat.
The Rules of Open Source and Collaboration:
Copyright and Public License
■
The Default Rule of Copyright and the
goal of Free/ Open Source Software
■
The Legal Framework to Protect Open
Source and Collaboration:
Public License and Copyleft
■
Conclusion
36. CopyrightCopyright
■
The world without software copyright
■
Richard M. Stallman and Xerox Printer
■
After we have software copyright
■
1980s
■
Business model
38. What the F...
●
The world without software copyright
●
Richard M. Stallman and Xerox Printer
●
After we have software copyright
●
1980s
●
Business model
(Fake dialogue)
( 設計對白 )
39. CopyrightCopyright
■
The world without software copyright
■
Richard M. Stallman and Xerox Printer
■
After we have software copyright
■
1980s
■
Business model
■
Richard M. Stallman: Free Software!
41. Free SoftwareFree Software
■ Free Software
■ Free Software Foundation (FSF) 1985-
■ Fundamentalism
■ GNU Project
GNU's Not Unix
42. Free SoftwareFree Software
■ Free Software
■ Free Software Foundation (FSF) 1985
■ Fundamentalism
■ GNU Project
■ GNU General Public License
43. Free Software DefinitionFree Software Definition
■ The freedom to run the program, for any purpose
(freedom 0).
■ The freedom to study how the program works, and
change it to make it do what you wish (freedom 1).
■ The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your
neighbor (freedom 2).
■ The freedom to distribute copies of your modified
versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you
can give the whole community a chance to benefit from
your changes.
Run the Program
44. Free Software DefinitionFree Software Definition
■ The freedom to run the program, for any purpose
(freedom 0).
■ The freedom to study how the program works, and
change it to make it do what you wish (freedom 1).
■ The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your
neighbor (freedom 2).
■ The freedom to distribute copies of your modified
versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you
can give the whole community a chance to benefit from
your changes.
Study & Change
45. Free Software DefinitionFree Software Definition
■ The freedom to run the program, for any purpose
(freedom 0).
■ The freedom to study how the program works, and
change it to make it do what you wish (freedom 1).
■ The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your
neighbor (freedom 2).
■ The freedom to distribute copies of your modified
versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you
can give the whole community a chance to benefit from
your changes.
Redistribute
46. Free Software DefinitionFree Software Definition
■ The freedom to run the program, for any purpose
(freedom 0).
■ The freedom to study how the program works, and
change it to make it do what you wish (freedom 1).
■ The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your
neighbor (freedom 2).
■ The freedom to distribute copies of your modified
versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you
can give the whole community a chance to benefit from
your changes.
Distribute copies
of modified version
47. The Free Software DefinitionThe Free Software Definition
■ The freedom to run the program, for any purpose
(freedom 0).
■ The freedom to study how the program works, and
change it to make it do what you wish (freedom 1).
■ The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your
neighbor (freedom 2).
■ The freedom to distribute copies of your modified
versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you
can give the whole community a chance to benefit from
your changes.
散佈 Distribute
修改 Modify
研究 Study
使用 Run
48. The Free Software DefinitionThe Free Software Definition
■ The freedom to run the program, for any purpose
(freedom 0).
■ The freedom to study how the program works, and
change it to make it do what you wish (freedom 1).
■ The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your
neighbor (freedom 2).
■ The freedom to distribute copies of your modified
versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you
can give the whole community a chance to benefit from
your changes.
散佈 Distribute
修改 Modify
研究 Study
使用 Run
How about
Public Domain?
49. How to protect the freedom?How to protect the freedom?
■ Public Domain allows people to
share the program and their
improvements, if they are so
minded. But it also allows
uncooperative people to convert
the program into proprietary
software.
■ People who receive the program
in that modified form do not have
the freedom that the original
author gave them; the middleman
has stripped it away.
50. How to protect the freedom?How to protect the freedom?
■ Public Domain allows people to
share the program and their
improvements, if they are so
minded. But it also allows
uncooperative people to convert
the program into proprietary
software.
■ People who receive the program
in that modified form do not have
the freedom that the original
author gave them; the middleman
has stripped it away.
Public Domain
can be transferred
to Proprietary
easily.
Public Domain
can not make sure
the four freedoms
keep going.
51. How to protect the freedom?How to protect the freedom?
■ Public Domain allows people to
share the program and their
improvements, if they are so
minded. But it also allows
uncooperative people to convert
the program into proprietary
software.
■ People who receive the program
in that modified form do not have
the freedom that the original
author gave them; the middleman
has stripped it away.
Public Domain
can be transferred
to Proprietary
easily.
Public Domain
can not make sure
the four freedoms
keep going.
Public Domain
is an option for
copyright holder to
decide how his/her
work can be used
by other people.
52. The Free Software DefinitionThe Free Software Definition
■ The freedom to run the program, for any purpose
(freedom 0).
■ The freedom to study how the program works, and
change it to make it do what you wish (freedom 1).
■ The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your
neighbor (freedom 2).
■ The freedom to distribute copies of your modified
versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you
can give the whole community a chance to benefit from
your changes.
53. The Free Software DefinitionThe Free Software Definition
■ The freedom to run the program, for any purpose
(freedom 0).
■ The freedom to study how the program works, and
change it to make it do what you wish (freedom 1).
■ The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your
neighbor (freedom 2).
■ The freedom to distribute copies of your modified
versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you
can give the whole community a chance to benefit from
your changes.
Free = 不要錢 !?
Free = You don't
have to pay for it !?
54. The Free Software DefinitionThe Free Software Definition
■ The freedom to run the program, for any purpose
(freedom 0).
■ The freedom to study how the program works, and
change it to make it do what you wish (freedom 1).
■ The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your
neighbor (freedom 2).
■ The freedom to distribute copies of your modified
versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you
can give the whole community a chance to benefit from
your changes.
Free = 不要錢 !?
Free = You don't
have to pay for it !?
55. The Free Software DefinitionThe Free Software Definition
■ The freedom to run the program, for any purpose
(freedom 0).
■ The freedom to study how the program works, and
change it to make it do what you wish (freedom 1).
■ The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your
neighbor (freedom 2).
■ The freedom to distribute copies of your modified
versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you
can give the whole community a chance to benefit from
your changes.
Free = 不要錢 !?
Free = You don't
have to pay for it !?
免費女神 !?
Statue of Gratis!?
56. The Free Software DefinitionThe Free Software Definition
■ The freedom to run the program, for any purpose
(freedom 0).
■ The freedom to study how the program works, and
change it to make it do what you wish (freedom 1).
■ The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your
neighbor (freedom 2).
■ The freedom to distribute copies of your modified
versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you
can give the whole community a chance to benefit from
your changes.
Free = 不要錢 !?
當然不是 !
Defnitely NOT!
58. Free Software DefinitionFree Software Definition
■ The freedom to run the program, for any purpose
(freedom 0).
■ The freedom to study how the program works, and
change it to make it do what you wish (freedom 1).
■ The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your
neighbor (freedom 2).
■ The freedom to distribute copies of your modified
versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you
can give the whole community a chance to benefit from
your changes.
But people used to
misunderstand the
meaning of “Free”
59. Free Software DefinitionFree Software Definition
■ The freedom to run the program, for any purpose
(freedom 0).
■ The freedom to study how the program works, and
change it to make it do what you wish (freedom 1).
■ The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your
neighbor (freedom 2).
■ The freedom to distribute copies of your modified
versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you
can give the whole community a chance to benefit from
your changes.
So the other name
of free software
appears...
60. Free Software DefinitionFree Software Definition
■ The freedom to run the program, for any purpose
(freedom 0).
■ The freedom to study how the program works, and
change it to make it do what you wish (freedom 1).
■ The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your
neighbor (freedom 2).
■ The freedom to distribute copies of your modified
versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you
can give the whole community a chance to benefit from
your changes.
Open Source
63. Open Source SoftwareOpen Source Software
■ Open Source Software
■ Bruce Perens & Eric Steven Raymond
■ Open Source Initiative (OSI) 1998-
開放源碼促進會
64. Open Source SoftwareOpen Source Software
■ Open Source Software
■ Bruce Perens & Eric Steven Raymond
■ Open Source Initiative (OSI) 1998-
■ Eclecticism: commercial thinking
65. Open Source SoftwareOpen Source Software
■ Open Source Software
■ Bruce Perens & Eric Steven Raymond
■ Open Source Initiative (OSI) 1998-
■ Eclecticism: commercial thinking
■ The Cathedral and the Bazaar
66. These slides are licensed under creative commons - attribution - share alike 3.0 unported.
Hong Kong Open Source Conference 2014
香港開源年會 2014/3/29 Sat.
The Rules of Open Source and Collaboration:
Copyright and Public License
■
The Default Rule of Copyright and the
goal of Free/ Open Source Software
■
The Legal Framework to Protect Open
Source and Collaboration:
Public License and Copyleft
■
Conclusion
67. LicenseLicense
■ License
– 許可證
– 授權(授權條款)
■ The rule is from property law
■ You can use my property, only if...
– The conditions are met.
■ FOSS License
■ Prerequisites: the licensor has the right
(copyright) to license.
68. Public LicensePublic License
■ Advantage:
■ You can just use open source code without
gaining permission as long as all the conditions
of the license are met.
– The problem of “Nail House ( 釘子戶 )” of a
collaborative work by many contributors
– Use = Agree the Terms
– Free to join, Free to fork.
69. Public LicensePublic License
■ Legal cost:
■ If you don't comply the license, it happens two
legal cost:
– Not only breach of the contract ( 違約 ),
– But also infringement ( 侵權 ).
■ If someone violates the license, the licensor can
use the weapon offered by copyright law:
– Demages 損害賠償
– Injunction 假處分 / 禁制令(商品下架)
– Criminal liability 刑事責任
70. The mechanism of open source: CopyleftThe mechanism of open source: Copyleft
■ Copyleft 著佐權
■ Characteristic:
■ To ensure the four freedoms
■ Based on copyright law
■ Pre-license to the public
■ One who makes
modifications must license
the derivative work with
the same license.
授權拘束性
License Inheritance
75. GPL
Proprietary Software
License
AGPL
Spectrum of Freedom & RestrictionSpectrum of Freedom & Restriction
Public
Domain
Strong Copyleft
General
Public
License
Derivative
Work
must license
under GPL
Link
Modify
Merge
76. GPL
Proprietary Software
License
AGPL
Spectrum of Freedom & RestrictionSpectrum of Freedom & Restriction
Public
Domain
Strong Copyleft
General
Public
License
Derivative
Work
must license
under GPL
Link
Modify
Merge
Exp.
Seperate &
Independent
77. GPL
Proprietary Software
License
AGPL
Spectrum of Freedom & RestrictionSpectrum of Freedom & Restriction
Public
Domain
Strong Copyleft
General
Public
License
Derivative
Work
must license
under GPL
Link
Modify
Merge
Exp.
Seperate &
Independent
I open to you,
you also have
to open to others
我佛心對你
你也要佛心對人
78. GPL
Proprietary Software
License
AGPL
Spectrum of Freedom & RestrictionSpectrum of Freedom & Restriction
Public
Domain
Strong Copyleft
General
Public
License
Derivative
Work
must license
under GPL
Link
Modify
Merge
Exp.
Seperate &
Independent
I open to you,
you also have
to open to others
我佛心對你
你也要佛心對人
Take it or
leave it.
不爽不要用
79. How to trigger the obligation of Copyleft?How to trigger the obligation of Copyleft?
Alice
binary &
source code
GPLed
Program A
Derivative
Program B
Bob
80. How to trigger the obligation of Copyleft?How to trigger the obligation of Copyleft?
Alice
binary &
source code
GPLed
Program A
Derivative
Program B
Bob
B can be closed.
Even if you know that
B exists, you don't
have any right to ask B
to open source.
81. How to trigger the obligation of Copyleft?How to trigger the obligation of Copyleft?
Alice
binary &
source code
GPLed
Program A
Derivative
Program B
Bob
distribute
binary
code
Charlie
82. How to trigger the obligation of Copyleft?How to trigger the obligation of Copyleft?
Alice
binary &
source code
GPLed
Program A
Derivative
Program B
Bob
distribute
binary
code
Charlie
I want to
modify it.
Give me
the source
code
83. How to trigger the obligation of Copyleft?How to trigger the obligation of Copyleft?
Alice
binary &
source code
GPLed
Program A
Derivative
Program B
Bob
distribute
binary
code
Charlie
I want to
modify it.
Give me
the source
code
Bob
must
open
source
84. How to trigger the obligation of Copyleft?How to trigger the obligation of Copyleft?
Alice
binary &
source code
GPLed
Program A
Derivative
Program B
Bob
distribute
binary
code
Charlie
I want to
modify it.
Give me
the source
code
Bob
must
open
source
The act triggers
the obligation of
Copyleft
86. GPL
Proprietary Software
License
AGPL
The ASP loophole in GPLThe ASP loophole in GPL
Public
Domain
Strong Copyleft
Software
as a
Service
Application
Service
Provider
Cloud
Computing
89. GPL
Proprietary Software
License
AGPL
Spectrum of Freedom & RestrictionSpectrum of Freedom & Restriction
Public
Domain
Strong Copyleft
Affero
GPL
(AGPL)
Net-based
Copyleft
Use
If you just use
AGPL program,
you don't have
to release under
AGPL
90. GPL
Proprietary Software
License
AGPL
Spectrum of Freedom & RestrictionSpectrum of Freedom & Restriction
Public
Domain
Strong Copyleft
Affero
GPL
(AGPL)
Net-based
Copyleft
Modify
If you modify
the project or
mergethe code to
your own project,
you have to
release your
project under
AGPL.
92. The mechanism of open source: CopyleftThe mechanism of open source: Copyleft
■ The obligation to open source:
■ The derivative work will keep the same license and
conditions, so the freedom wouldn't be taken.
■ The derivative of derivative works...
The open source code will be more and more.
■ The copyright holder will have stronger bargaining
power to “uncooperative people” and has
standing to ask them to open source.
93. The mechanism of open source: CopyleftThe mechanism of open source: Copyleft
■ The obligation to open source:
■ Companies may not like it because
– Their copyright will be forced to open
– They see the code as their trade secret and
commercial advantage
■ But they'll be sue if not comply with the rule.
■ Another problem is license compatibility.
■ Many copyleft licenses are not
compatible with each other.
– Ex: GPL-2.0 / GPL-3.0
97. Proprietary Software
License
LGPL
EPL/CPL
MPL/CDDL
Spectrum of Freedom & RestrictionSpectrum of Freedom & Restriction
Public
Domain
Weak Copyleft
Library
Lesser
Copyleft
is lesser
Use
Dynamic link:
You don't have to
release your
program under
LGPL.
98. Proprietary Software
License
LGPL
EPL/CPL
MPL/CDDL
Spectrum of Freedom & RestrictionSpectrum of Freedom & Restriction
Public
Domain
Weak Copyleft
Library
Lesser
Copyleft
is lesser
Modify
If you modify
the lib or
merge the lib to
your own project
with statics link,
you have to
release your
project under
LGPL.
99. Weak CopyleftWeak Copyleft
■ File based copyleft
■ MPL: Mozilla Public License
■ CDDL: Common Development and Distribution
License
■ Module based copyleft
■ EPL: Eclipse Public License
■ CPL: Common Public License
118. How to choose license?How to choose license?
■ To the original copyright holder
■ Choose any license you want
– Strong/ weak/ non copyleft
– Compatibility with relative open source project
– Business model, ex: dual-license
119. How to choose license?How to choose license?
■ To derivative software holder
■ You take the code from copyleft project
– GPL
●
all your code in the same project
– LGPL
●
It depends on whether you use dynamic link or statics link to the library,
or directly develop your lib base on the LGPL lib.
– MPL/ EPL
●
If you use the files/ modules from MPL/ EPL project to create new files/
modules, then you should open them; if you don't use any code from the
original files/ modules, then you have the whole copyright of your patch.
■ You take the code from non-copyleft project
– You just need to meet the only two conditions (copyright notice
and disclaimer), you can do any thing you want, including using
any other open source licenses or even commercial license to
release your code (or not release).
120. These slides are licensed under creative commons - attribution - share alike 3.0 unported.
Hong Kong Open Source Conference 2014
香港開源年會 2014/3/29 Sat.
The Rules of Open Source and Collaboration:
Copyright and Public License
■
The Default Rule of Copyright and the
goal of Free/ Open Source Software
■
The Legal Framework to Protect Open
Source and Collaboration:
Public License and Copyleft
■
Conclusion
121. Cases of GPL violationCases of GPL violation
■
To open or not to open, that is NOT a question...
■
Until the companies lose the cases...
Harald Welte v. D-link
BusyBox v. 14 companies
2006
2009
123. Welte v. D-Link (2006)Welte v. D-Link (2006)
German Branch
msdosfs, initrd, mtd
1. A part of Linux kernel
2. Copyright holders:
Werner Almesberger (Austria)
David Woodhouse (UK)
Harald Welte (Germany)
Use source code
124. Welte v. D-Link (2006)Welte v. D-Link (2006)
Harald Welte
Ask
msdosfs, initrd, mtd
1. A part of Linux kernel
2. Copyright holders:
Werner Almesberger (Austria)
David Woodhouse (UK)
Harald Welte (Germany)
German Branch
Representative
Authorization
Use source code
125. Welte v. D-Link (2006)Welte v. D-Link (2006)
Harald Welte
Ask
msdosfs, initrd, mtd
1. A part of Linux kernel
2. Copyright holders:
Werner Almesberger (Austria)
David Woodhouse (UK)
Harald Welte (Germany)
German Branch
???I don't know what
you're saying...
Representative
Authorization
Use source code
126. Welte v. D-Link (2006)Welte v. D-Link (2006)
Harald Welte
Representative
Authorization
msdosfs, initrd, mtd
1. A part of Linux kernel
2. Copyright holders:
Werner Almesberger (Austria)
David Woodhouse (UK)
Harald Welte (Germany)
German Branch
Frankfurt
District
Court
Sue
Infringement
Use source code
127. Welte v. D-Link (2006)Welte v. D-Link (2006)
Harald Welte
Representative
Authorization
msdosfs, initrd, mtd
1. A part of Linux kernel
2. Copyright holders:
Werner Almesberger (Austria)
David Woodhouse (UK)
Harald Welte (Germany)
German Branch
Frankfurt
District
Court
Sue
Infringement
All
customers
Use source code
1. open source codes
2. GPL notifcation
damages
129. Busybox v. 14 companies (2009)Busybox v. 14 companies (2009)
Defenders are 14
companies
Busybox combines tiny versions
of many common UNIX utilities
into a single small executable.
Licensed under GPL-2.0.
Copyright holder:
●
Erik Anderson (US)
●
Other developers
Use source code
Best Buy, Samsung,
Westinghouse,
JVC, WD, Robert Bosch,
Phoebe Mircro, Humanx,
Comtrend ( 康全科技 ) ,
Dobbs-Standford, Versa,
Zyxel ( 合勤科技 ) ,
Astak, GCI
130. Busybox v. 14 companies (2009)Busybox v. 14 companies (2009)
Defenders are 14
companies
Busybox combines tiny versions
of many common UNIX utilities
into a single small executable.
Licensed under GPL-2.0.
Copyright holder:
●
Erik Anderson (US)
●
Other developers
Use source code
131. Busybox v. 14 companies (2009)Busybox v. 14 companies (2009)
Defenders are 14
companies
Busybox combines tiny versions
of many common UNIX utilities
into a single small executable.
Licensed under GPL-2.0.
Copyright holder:
●
Erik Anderson (US)
●
Other developers
Use source code
United States
District of
New York
Sue
Erik Anderson
Free Software Conservancy
132. Busybox v. 14 companies (2009)Busybox v. 14 companies (2009)
Defenders are 14
companies
Busybox combines tiny versions
of many common UNIX utilities
into a single small executable.
Licensed under GPL-2.0.
Copyright holder:
●
Erik Anderson (US)
●
Other developers
Use source code
Erik Anderson
Free Software Conservancy
United States
District of
New York
Sue
1. Many upstream OEMs/ODMs
Manufacturers are Taiwan Companies.
2. 13 companies settled out of court
or are working with FSC.
3. The court is ordering Westinghouse to
pay $90,000 in damages and to give the
HDTVs that include the BusyBox code to
the Conservancy.
133. Industry AdoptionIndustry Adoption
■
To open or not to open, that is NOT a question...
■
Until the companies lose the cases...
Harald Welte v. D-link
BusyBox v. 14 companies
2006
2009
134. These slides are licensed under creative commons - attribution - share alike 3.0 unported.
Hong Kong Open Source Conference 2014
香港開源年會 2014/3/29 Sat.
The Rules of Open Source and Collaboration:
Copyright and Public License
■
The Default Rule of Copyright and the
goal of Free/ Open Source Software
■
The Legal Framework to Protect Open
Source and Collaboration:
Public License and Copyleft
■
Conclusion
136. Creative CommonsCreative Commons
■ 4 elements, 6 choices
■ Attribution (BY)
■ Non-Commercial (NC)
■ Non-Derivative (ND)
■ Share Alike (SA)
Not
Free
Not
Free
copy
left
Free
137. Creative CommonsCreative Commons
■ 4 elements, 6 choices
■ Attribution (BY)
■ Non-Commercial (NC)
■ Non-Derivative (ND)
■ Share Alike (SA)
Not
Free
Not
Free
copy
left
Free
138. Creative CommonsCreative Commons
■ 4 elements, 6 choices
■ Attribution (BY)
■ Non-Commercial (NC)
■ Non-Derivative (ND)
■ Share Alike (SA)
Not
Free
Not
Free
copy
left
Free
Not
Free
Not
Free
Not
Free
Not
Free
copy
left
Free
145. Creative CommonsCreative Commons
Proprietary Public
Domain
BY
BY-NC
BY-SA
BY-NC-SA
BY-ND
BY-NC-ND
Free
Not
Free
Not
Free
Not
Free
Not
Free
copy
left
copy
left
Compatible
with
open source &
free software
definition
146. These slides are licensed under creative commons - attribution - share alike 3.0 unported.
Hong Kong Open Source Conference 2014
香港開源年會 2014/3/29 Sat.
The Rules of Open Source and Collaboration:
Copyright and Public License
■
The Default Rule of Copyright and the
goal of Free/ Open Source Software
■
The Legal Framework to Protect Open
Source and Collaboration:
Public License and Copyleft
■
Conclusion
147. ConclusionConclusion
■
Open Source benefts everything.
■
Lack of
■
Compliance with Intellectual Property
■
Culture of contribution
■
Hacker ethics
■
Community is a long-term support of F/OSS.
148. License
■
This slides are licensed under creative commons -
attribution - share alike 3.0 unported.
■
Richard Lin (Legist Qiang) 2014, The Rules of
Open Source and Collaboration: Copyright and
Public License
These slides are licensed under creative commons - attribution - share alike 3.0 unported.
Hong Kong Open Source Conference 2014
香港開源年會 2014/3/29 Sat.