The document provides an overview of high-tech architecture, which emerged in the 1970s and incorporated elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design. Some key characteristics included prominently displaying technical and functional building components, using steel frames and glass curtain walls. Major architects in the style included Norman Foster, Renzo Piano, and Indian architect Hafeez Contractor. Examples of high-tech buildings discussed include Foster's HSBC building in Hong Kong and Lake Castle residential building in Mumbai designed by Contractor.

1. HI TECH ARCHITECTURE

2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• ARCHITECTS
• BACKGROUND
• ORIGIN
• AIMS
• CHARACTERISTICS
• NORMEN FOSTER
• HAFFEZ CONTRACTOR

3. INTRODUCTION
• High-tech architecture, also known as Late
Modernism or Structural Expressionism, is an
architectural style that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating
elements of high-tech industry and technology into building
design.
• High-tech architecture appeared as a revamped modernism
, an extension of those previous ideas helped by even more
technological advances.
• This category serves as a bridge between modernism and
post-modernism ; there remain gray areas as to where one
category ends and the other begins. In the 1980s, high-tech
architecture became more difficult to distinguish from post-
modern architecture. Some of its ideas were later absorbed
into the style of Neo-Futurism art and architectural
movement.

4. ARCHITECTS
The style's premier practitioners include:
• Colombian architect Bruce Graham
• Bangladeshi architect Fazlur Rahman Khan for the John
Hancock Centre, Willis Tower and Onterie Center,
• British architects Sir Norman Foster,
• Sir Richard Rogers,
• Sir Michael Hopkins,
• Italian architect Renzo Piano
• Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava, known for his
organic, skeleton-like designs.
• Indian architect Hafeez Contractor

5. BACKGROUND
• Buildings in this architectural style were constructed mainly in North
America and Europe.
• It is deeply connected with what is called the Second School of Chicago
which emerged after World War II. The main content is that the
technological kind of construction, mostly with steel and glass, is
expressed in a formal independent way to gain aesthetic qualities from it.
• The first proper example are the 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments
by German architect Ludwig Mies van der
• The style got its name from the book High Tech: The Industrial Style and
Source Book for The Home, written by design journalists Joan Kron and
Suzanne Slesin and published in November 1978.
The book, illustrated with hundreds of photos, showed how designers,
architects, and home owners were appropriating classic industrial
objects—library shelving, chemical glass, metal deck plate, restaurant
supply, etc found in industrial catalogues and putting these to use in
residential settings

6. • Early high-tech buildings were referred to by historian Reyner
Banham as "serviced sheds" due to their exposure of mechanical
services in addition to the structure. Most of these early examples
used exposed structural steel as their material of choice. As hollow
structural sections had only become widely available in the early
1970s, high-tech architecture saw much experimentation with this
material.

7. AIMS
• High-tech architecture was, in some ways, a response to
growing disillusionment with modern architecture. The
realization of Le Corbusier's urban development plans
led to cities with monotonous and standardized
buildings. Enthusiasm for economic building led to
extremely low-quality finishes, with subsequent
degradation countering a now-waning aesthetic novelty.
• For interior design there was a trend of using formerly
industrial appliances as household objects, e.g. chemical
beakers as vases for flowers. This was because of an aim
to use an industrial aesthetic. This was assisted by the
conversion of former industrial spaces into residential
spaces. High-tech architecture aimed to give everything
an industrial appearance.

8. • Another aspect to the aims of high-tech architecture was
that of a renewed belief in the power of technology to
improve the world. This is especially evident in Kenzo
Tange's plans for technically sophisticated buildings in
Japan's post-war boom in the 1960s, but few of these
plans actually became buildings. High-tech architecture
aimed to achieve a new industrial aesthetic, spurred on
by the renewed faith in the progression of technology.
• But however prominent the industrial look appeared, the
functional element of modern architecture was very
much retained. The pieces still served a purpose in the
building's function. The function of the building was also
aimed as not being set. This dynamic property means
that a building should be a "catalyst", the "technical
services are provided but do not become set."

9. CHARACTERISTICS
• Structure of high-tech architecture have varied somewhat, yet
all have accentuated technical elements. They included the
prominent display of the building's technical and functional
components, and an orderly arrangement and use of pre-
fabricated elements. Glass walls and steel frames were also
immensely popular.
• To boast technical features, they were externalized, often along
with load-bearing structures. There can be no more illustrious
example than Pompidou Centre. The ventilation ducts are all
prominently shown on the outside. This was a radical design,
as previous ventilation ducts would have been a component
hidden on the inside of the building. The means of access to
the building is also on the outside, with the large tube allowing
visitors to enter the building.

10. • The orderly and logical fashion in which buildings in the high-tech
architectural style are designed to keep to their functional essence is
demonstrated in Norman Foster's Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank HQ
Besides the technology being the overriding feature of the building, its
design is very much functionally orientated. The large interior open space
and the easy access to all floors enhance the function of being a bank. Also,
the elements of the buildings are very neatly composed to achieve optimal
orderliness in order to logically solve the problem of the needs of a bank.
This can be seen in the levels' structure and in the escalators.
• The high-tech buildings make persistent use of glass curtain walls and steel
structure. It is greatly indebted to modern architecture for this, and
influenced by Mies van der Rohe's highrise buildings. Bruce Grahams Willis
Towerdemonstrates that with glass walls and skeleton pipe structure of
steel, a very tall building can be built. Many high-tech buildings meant their
purposes to be dynamic. This could best be explained by Günther Behnisch
and Frei Otto's Munich Olympic Stadium. This structure made sport in the
open possible and is meant to be used for many purposes. Originally an
abandoned airfield, it is now a sport stadium, used for various disciplines.

11. • Buildings designed in this style usually consist of a clear glass facade, with
the building's network of support beams exposed behind it. Perhaps the
most famous and easily recognized building built in this style is I.M. Pei's
Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong. The World Trade Center in New York
City, although generally considered to be an International Style building,
was technically a Structural Expressionist design due to its load-bearing
steel frame.

12. •finish.”(1)
e.ppt
)
.
 Chicago, IL, USA
 Two iconic skyscrapers on the
chicago skyline that redefined high
rise living for the post-war
generation.
 A beautiful waterfront view of 26
story tower,288 apartments .
 At the pedestrian level, the open
plan creates a flow of natural
green
 Space amid the plaza.
 Mies approached the triangular site
by arranging the two apartment
buildings at cross axis towards one
another.
SITE PLAN
12

13. •finish.”(1)
e.ppt
)
.
On the entrance
level, a
horizontal roof
is the sole
connector
between the two
high-rise
apartments towers
and does not
have any
function other
than to “mark the
spirituality of this
specific place.”
ENTRANCE
COMMON MATERIALS WERE USED:
• Steel-I beams were welded to mullions for aesthetics(according to people)
• Glass-used in windows(façade).
13

14. •finish.”(1)
e.ppt
)
.
FRAMEWORK OF APARTMENTS
• Renowned for their structural clarity
and composition.
• Prior to this point, structure was
hidden within architecture.
• Here, mies merged the two by
exposing the steel, realizing his own
words: "when technology reaches it
true fulfillment, it transcends into
architecture.“
 Chicago Landmarks in 1996
 Lake Point Tower (1968), by Shipporeit & Heinrich
inspired by Mies' glass tower(unbuilt) of 1922.
ARIEL VIEW
14

15. NOMAN FOSTER
--“I DESIGN
BUILDINGS IN THE
HOPE THAT THEY
TAKE FORWARD THE
BOUNDARIES OF
KNOWLEDGE AND
EXPERIENCE OF
EACH PARTICULAR
BUILDING TYPE.

16. FAMOUS PROJECTS
CONSTRUCTED UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• SWISS RE
TOWERS,LONDON
• STANSTED
AIRPORT,U.K
• HSBC,HEADQUARTERS
• PETRONAS
UNIVERSITY OF
TECHNOLOGY,
BANDAR SERI IN
ISKANDAR, MALAYSIA.
• GREEN DESERT
UTOPIA IN ABU DHABI
• RUSSIA
TOWER,MOSCOW,RUSS
IA
• U2 TOWER --A
PROPOSED LANDMARK
SKYSCRAPER DUE TO
BE CONSTRUCTED IN
DUBLIN

17. SWISS RE TOWERS
•The 590-foot- (180-meter-) high, 40-
story, 76,400-square-meter Swiss Re
Tower is said to be London's first
environmental skyscraper.
• Its aerodynamic, glazed shape
minimizes wind loads and
maximizes natural light and
ventilation, reducing the building's
energy consumption to 50 percent of
that of a traditional large office
building.
• As a working environment, it offers
unequalled views of the surrounding
city.

18. BUILDING DETAILS
• The external diagonal steel
structure uses triangular forms to
be inherently strong, permitting a
flexible column-free interior
space.
• The building's height was made
feasible by the use of a peripheral
"diagrid," in which all the steel
elements subtly interlock.
• The exterior cladding consists of
approximately 5,500 flat
triangular and diamond-shaped
glass panels, which vary in size at
each level

19. BUILDING DETAILS
• The envelope at the office
areas consists of a double-
glazed outer layer and a
single-glazed inner
screen that sandwich a
central, ventilated cavity
containing solar-control
blinds.
• These cavities act as buffer
zones to reduce the need
for mechanical heating
and cooling and are
ventilated by exhaust air
drawn from the offices

20. BUILDING DETAILS
• The building provides 450,000
square feet (41,810 square
meters) of net office space. At the
edge of each floor plate is a spiral
atrium, created by "twisting"
each successive floor.
• This allows natural
ventilation - although air-
conditioning is also incorporated
-by taking advantage of the large
pressure differentials that draw
air in through horizontal slots in
the cladding.
21st floor plan

21. BUILDING DETAILS
• "WINDOWS IN THE LIGHT WELL OPEN
AUTOMATICALLY TO AUGMENT THE AIR
CONDITIONING SYSTEM WITH NATURAL
VENTILATION, AN OCCURRENCE ANTICIPATED TO
SAVE ENERGY FOR UP TO 40% OF THE YEAR.
• THE FLOOR PLANS ARE SHAPED LIKE FLOWERS,
WITH A CIRCULAR PERIMETER INDENTED BY 6
TRIANGULAR LIGHT COURTS. THE INDENTATIONS
REMAIN A CONSTANT SIZE AT EACH LEVEL, WHILE
THE SPACE BETWEEN THEM DIMINISHES.
• THE FLOOR PLAN IS ROTATED FOR EACH SUCCESSIVE
FLOOR, CREATING A SERIES OF SPIRALING 5-STOREY
ATRIA THAT STRETCH THE FULL HEIGHT OF THE
BUILDING."

22. STANSTED AIRPORT
Location: London, England, UK.
Date: 1991
Building Type: Airport
Construction System: Steel Frame

23. SECTIONAL VIEW.
.SITE PLAN

24. • Stansted Airport is a large passenger
airport with a single runway.
• Stansted is the fourth busiest airport in
the UK after London Heathrow, London
Gatwick and Manchester Airport.
• Stansted International Airport has one
terminal.
• There are three boarding piers, one
connected to the main terminal by a
pedestrian bridge and the other two by
a people mover system.
• The terminal facilities include a bureau
de change, left luggage service, several
shops and restaurants as well as
internet access.
• Stansted has a railway station below the
terminal building
TERMINAL
ATLANTA TERMINAL

25. •The layout of the airport is
designed to provide an
unobstructed flow for
passengers to arrive at the
short-stay car park, move
through the check-in hall and
on to the departure gates all
on the same level
•The layout of the airport is designed to provide an
unobstructed flow for passengers to arrive at the short-stay car
park, move through the check-in hall and on to the departure
gates all on the same level

26. • The base of each truss structure is a "utility pillar", which
provides indirect up lighting illumination and is the location for
air-conditioning and water, telecommunications, and electrical
outlets

27. HSBC HEADQUARTERS
HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANKING
CORPORATION HEADQUARTERS
• LOCATION-HONGKONG,CHINA.
• TIME- 1979-1985
• Height-180 meters
• BUILDING TYPE- COMMERCIAL
OFFICE.
• AREA- 99000 SQ. MTRS.
• MATERIALS-STEEL, ALUMINIUM
CLADING & PARTIONS, GLASS,
STAIN STEEL FINISHES,MARBLE,
STONE/CARPET RAISED FLOOR.

28. DETAILS-HSBC
• The Site ,At The Head Of Statue Square,
Is One Of The Most Spectacular In
Hongkong.
• The Main Characteristic Of Hsbc Hong
Kong Headquarters Is Its Absence Of
Internal Supporting Structure.
• Another Notable Feature Is That
Natural Sunlight Is The Major Source Of
Lighting Inside The Building .
• It Has Giant Mirrors At The Top Of The
Atrium, Which Can Reflect Natural
Sunlight Into The Atrium And Hence
Down Into The Plaza.
• Additionally, Sun Shades Are Provided
On The External Facades To Block
Direct Sunlight Going Into The Building
And To Reduce Heat Gain.
• Instead Of Fresh Water, Sea Water Is
Used As Coolant For The Air-

29. • All flooring is made from
lightweight movable panels,
under which you can find a
comprehensive network of
power, telecommunication, and
air-conditioning systems. Hence
installation of equipment or
computer terminals becomes far
easier.
• Because of the urgency to finish
the project, the construction of
the building relied heavily on off-
site prefabrication; components
were manufactured all over the
world. For example, the
structural steel came from
Britain; the glass, aluminum
cladding and flooring came from
the United States while the
service modules came from
Japan.
WEST ELEVATION

30. • THE EXTERIOR IS A VIGOROUSLY MODELLED
COMBINATION OF ALUMINIUM-CLAD STRUCTURE AND
TRANSPARENT PANELS TO EXPRESS THE RICH
MIXTURE OF SPACES WITHIN.
PLAN OF CHAIRMAN’S APARTMENT WITH MAINTENANCE CRANES.

31. HAFEEZ CONTRACTOR:

32. KEY FEATURES:
• Extensive use of glass on facedes confirms to the
high tech expression bussiness seek to achieve
• Never fixed plan
• Have excess but nor always
• Give stress on landscape terrace
• He fix elements from various typology and use
them as a adorment for the exterior skin of the
building
• He always create the corner of the buiding

33. WORKS:
• Lake castle, Powai
• Textile laboratory and research centre, Mumbai
• The aralias, Gurgaon
• Bharti airtel building, Gurgaon

34. LAKE CASTLE, POWAI
• Lake castle a residential
apartment building, nested in
green surrounding of powai.
• the dominant feature is its
massive scale. 183m linear
length strikes you as an ocean
ship going linear to the
building multiple deck
anchored on the bankes of
powai lakes
• Tower block is surrounded by
large garden and 8 acre forest
park, all the flat faces the lake

35. Creating a step mass profile which
compliment the hills in the back drop
The building is almost like the mirror
reflecting the densely layered profile of
the city itself
Architectural font is mean to symbolise
the city silhouette that is made of
varying shapes and size
Lake is specially intresting beacause of a
combination of POP aesthatic , with
conventionalized classical stylistic.
Egyptian motifes are used in the building
facades like the treatment given to the
column, the frizes and the details of the
iron work .

37. • The crescent shape projecting balconies ,curved
projection and Egyptian columns on the facades
relieve the monotony into which building would
have otherwise slipped .
• Large French windows are repetitive features on
the facades. LAKE CASTLE, POWAI
• To mitigate the broadside effect of the cliff of the
building ,it has been punctured with significant cut
outs known as sky decks.
• further these the dramatic view of the sky though
the buildings.
• The stepped profile and two huge cut outs further
add to lighten the building. LAKE CASTLE,
POWAI

38. TEXTILE LABORATORY AND RESEARCH
CENTRE, MUMBAI
• Situated in the busy locality of Prabhadevi,
Mumbai, the Textile Laboratory And
Research Institute is an intriguing piece of
architecture, with metaphoric interpretations
ranging from flowing fabrics to a spinning
wheel (charkha).
• The primary design idea was to reflect the
powerful tradition and heritage of Indian
textiles.
• The institute is designed to accommodate
research and administrative activities in one
block and other activities in different blocks
• The various activities are joint together
through a central atrium
• The atrium structure is in the essence a
steel frame and it is in the form of a crown. It
symbolises the charkha with eight spokes and
the same is replicated on the floor.

39. • With the spokes in the form of black and
grey granites place next to each other on the
floor it gives a spinning effect to the charkha.
The spokes have a thin aluminium wire
running through the spokes, symbolising the
thread.
• The atrium symbolically depicts the
‘charkha’ that is rooted in India’s glorious
textile heritage. The structure is basically a
steel frame swathed in Teflon fabric.
• Juxtaposing of wavy granite, aluminium
and glass surfaces marks this 6 storey
building block.
• The wavy facade derives its inspiration
from the imagery of flowing fabrics.
• The material used with the contrasting and
intrinsic textures colours goon to reflect the
diverse range of Indian textiles. TEXTILE
LABORATORY AND RESEARCH CENTRE,
MUMBAI

40. THE ARALIAS, GURGAON
Project type: housing, master planning project
Location : sector 42, DLF city v, gurgoan.
No of apartments : 252 Total
Number of Storey: 18 Source:www.hafeezcontracter.com

41. •It includes 3 linear blocks that flank a well-landscaped
garden. •The concept of large linear residential blocks creates
a central recreational area for the entire complex. The linear
design of the blocks also offers panoramic views of the
landscaped grounds and the picturesque golf course to all the
apartments. •Aralias, an upscale residential development is set
opposite the DLF Golf Course in Gurgaon. •The mere enormity
of these blocks set amidst the landscaped gardens creates a
spectacular effect. The pale background of the exterior hues
articulates the elegant appearance of a few fragments of glass.
•The 250 flats in the residential complexes have areas ranging
from 465 sq m apartments to 836 sq m penthouses. The
apartments are endowed with picturesque views of the
surrounds THE ARALIAS, GURGAON

42. BHARTI AIRTEL BUILDING, GURGAON CENTRAL
ATRIUM WORKING SPACE PERIPHERAL CORES
HUGE LANDSCAPED GARDENS
AND THE BRAND INTENT
• the façade houses an advanced energy-efficient
reflective solar control glass designed to cut excessive
heat while optimizing light transmission, thus reducing
air-conditioning costs and the need for artificial lighting
• Red and white stripes, the most catching feature of the
building shows the brand intent with colors
complimenting the airtel logo.
• the façade also uses double glazing, for added effect
and also provides insulation at the same time.

43. THANK YOU
SUBMITTED BY :
KAVITA
SIMRAN
SNEHA
SONIKA