The document discusses several architectural styles including high-tech architecture. It provides definitions and examples of high-tech architecture, noting that it emerged in the late 20th century using modern industrial materials and emphasizing functional elements on building exteriors. Several pioneering high-tech architects are profiled such as Norman Foster, Richard Rogers, and Nicholas Grimshaw. Key high-tech works like the Pompidou Center, Lloyd's Building, and City Hall in London are described in detail, highlighting their innovative structural designs and emphasis on technology.

2. An architectural style is
characterized by:
the features that make a building
or other structure notable or
historically identifiable.
It includes elements such as:
1- form
2- method of construction
3- building material
4- regional character.
What
“architectural style”
means ?

3. The architectural style changes
according to:
-Time:
such as post-modernism
(meaning "after modernism")
-Place:
For instance, Renaissance ideas
emerged in Italy around 1425 and
spread to all of Europe over the
next 200 years, with the French,
Belgian, German, English,
and Spanish Renaissances showing
recognizably the same style, but
with unique characteristics.

4. DEFINITION
High-tech architecture,
also known as:
- Late Modernism
- Structural Expressionism
is an architectural style that
emerged in the, incorporating
elements of high-tech industry and
technology into building design.

5. At the beginning of the 20th
century ,as technology has
greatly evolved, new materials
and modern equipment started to
be used in the construction
industry.
Thus born a new architectural
design developed using advanced
technology, known as
high-tech

6. High-tech architecture appeared as
a revamped modernism, an
extension of those previous ideas
aided by even more advances in
technological achievements.
This category serves as a bridge
between modernisms and post-
modernism, however there remain
gray areas as to where one
category ends and the other
begins. ( Overlapping )
In the 1980s, high-tech
architecture became more difficult
to distinguish from post-modern
architecture.
Form
simplicity
90 degrees
horizontal
and
Vertical
lines
Visual
structure
True materials
no
structural
ideas
emphasis
on unique
forms
Columns
arches
Stones

7. Like Brutalism, Structural
Expressionist buildings reveal
their structure on the outside as
well as the inside, but with visual
emphasis placed on the internal
steel and/or concrete skeletal
structure as opposed to
exterior concrete walls.
High-tech buildings are often
called machine-like.
Steel, aluminum, and glass
combine with brightly colored
braces, girders, and beams.

8. Many of the building parts are
prefabricated in a factory
and assembled later. The support
beams, duct work, and other
functional elements are
placed on the exterior of the
building, where they become the
focus of attention.
The interior spaces are open and
adaptable for many uses.

9. AIMS
However prominent the industrial
look appeared, the functional
element of modern architecture
was very much retained.
High-tech architecture aimed to
give everything an industrial
appearance.
conversion of former industrial
spaces into residential spaces
The pieces still served a purpose
in the building's function.
This strengthens the impact of the
object in a high-tech style, both in
terms of functional and visual
matter.
Technical
equipment
Building
structure
The object is the aim.
INTEGRATION
Technical elements, such as blinds
or solar cells, are a kind of
modern ornament, especially when
put together in repetitive sequence.

10. Gaining
qualities
Technological
construction
Formal
independent
way of
expression
AESTHETIC

23. Pioneers
of
high-tech style

24. Norman Foster
British Architect
June 1, 1935
- BORN -
in Manchester, England
1956 (21 years old)
- EARLY LIFE OF FOSTER -
He has enrolled in
college 1956 - 1961
- EDUCATION -
Manchester University School
of Architecture
Yale University ( Master’s degree)

25. 1963
- HIS PARTNERSHIP –
“ Team 4 ” firm
Richard Rogers and Su Rogers
Norman foster and Wendy foster
1967
- Foster + Partners -
known for “High-Tech” industrial designs
- AWARDS AND HONERS –
1983
Riba royal gold medal
1990
Knighthood from the queen
of England
1999
Pritzker architecture prize

26. FAMOUS WORK OF
FOSTER

27. 1974
- Willis Faber and Dumas –
in England
2001 - 2003
- 30 ST.MARY AXE -
London

28. 2002
- London City Hall -
London

29. 1974 - 1978
- Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts -
University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK

30. July 23, 1933
- BORN -
in Florence
Richard Rogers
Italian-British Architect
Noted for his modernist and
functionalist designs
- Education -
Architectural Association
School of
Architecture in London
1962
Yale School of Architecture
(Master’s Degree)

31. 1963 - 1967
- HIS PARTNERSHIP –
“ Team 4 ” firm
Norman foster, Wendy foster
and Su rogers
After Team 4 had split up, Richard
Rogers continued collaborating
with Su rogers
1977
His Partnership with Renzo Piano
Richard Rogers, Renzo Piano and
Su Rogers pictured in 1977, the
year the Pompidou Centre
opened.

32. - AWARDS AND HONERS -
1985
RIBA “Royal Institute of British
Architects”
Royal Gold Medal
2006 & 2009
The Stirling Prize on Barajas
Airport
and Maggie’s Center “London”
FAMOUS WORK OF
RICHARD

33. 1978 - 1986
- Lloyd’s Building -
London
The inside-out building The
services of the building are
exposed
1999
- Millennium Dome -
London
Twelve 100 m steel masts
held in place by high-strength
steel cable
to support the Teflon-coated
fiber glass roof

34. 1993 – 2001
- 88 Wood Street -
London

35. Nicholas Grimshaw
British Architect
October 9, 1939
- BORN -
in Hove,
England
1959 – 1962
- EDUCATION -
The Edinburgh College of
Architecture
The Architectural Association in
London
(scholarship)
1963
Scholarship to Sweden
1964
Scholarship to United States
1965
Graduated from the AA (Diploma)

36. FAMOUS WORK OF
NICHOLAS

37. 2001
- National Space Centre -
England
1993
- Waterloo International Terminal -
London

38. Ieoh Ming Pei
Chinese Architect
April 26, 1917
- BORN -
in Canton (Guangzhou),
China
1935
- EDUCATION -
University of Pennsylvania's
architecture school
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
The architectural program at
the University of Pennsylvania
stood out to him

39. Style
Pei's style is described as
thoroughly modernist, with
significant cubist themes. He is
known for combining traditional
architectural elements with
progressive designs based on
simple geometric patterns. As
one critic writes: "Pei has been
aptly described as combining a
classical sense of form with a
contemporary mastery of
method

40. FAMOUS WORK OF
Ieoh

41. 1989
- Louvre Pyramid -
Paris

42. 1967
- John Hancock Tower -
Massachusetts, china

43. Case Studies
ARCHITECTURE IS NOT JUST
CREATING BUILDINGS ,IT IS A
TASK OF SERVING HUMANITY.
- Renzo Piano

44. The most famous architectural
high-tech works are:
town hall in London, standing
next to Tower Bridge,
London's Millennium Dome
Wembley Stadium

45. office building Lloyd's
the Allianz Arena in Munich
the Eiffel Tower
the Centre Georges Pompidou

46. HSBC headquarter in Hong Kong
Zizkov Television Tower in Prague
Hotel Arts Skidmore
the Torre Agbar in Barcelona

47. the National Centre for the
Performing Arts in Beijing
Hearst Tower in New York
the Beetham Tower in Manchester
John Hancock Center in Chicago

48. Architect: Norman foster
LONDON
CITY
HALL

49. LONDON CITY HALL,LONDON
ARCHITECT :
Norman foster
Location :
Southwark , London , England
Completed :
2002
Style :
High-tech
The GLA - GREATER LONDON
AUTHORITY- is located in an
area needing the
redevelopment, and with such a
location, the government was
able to claim their part in the
regeneration process.
The design of this building is
also one that provided a
symbolic break from the past.
Contrary to some believe, the
London Authority doesn’t

50. The building has an unusual,
bulbous shape,
intended to reduce its
surface area and thus
improve energy efficiency.
ORIENTATION:
To further improved the
shape and performance of
this building the sphere
shape was skewed to more
of an egg shape that leans
South blocking the direct
sunlight with it’s own shape

51. SHADING:
The egg shape is in itself a
strategy for passive design.
The South side of the building
leans back so the floor-
plates step out over the
windows below each other
providing shade for the
naturally ventilated offices
•Use of steel
formwork for the
Slab results in a
reduction of costs
in construction
waste.
•The inclined steel column system
-cost effectiveness,
-simplicity,
-easily constructed

52. The roof of City Hall is
provided with a completed
installation of photovoltaic
solar panels.
• Running along the interior
atrium is a stepped ramp which
continues spiraling up above
the debating chamber.
solar panels Atrium !

53. Spherical form minimises surface
area reducing heat loss and heat
gain.
Responsive cladding system
shading relates to building
orientation
Integrated energy circulation
system recirculation of energy
from deep plan areas
Low level air supply displacement
ventilation system
Passive cooling with chilled
ceilings
Free cooling on air supply
No boilers , no chillers.
Energy Concept

54. Its shape achieves optimum
energy performance by
maximising shading and
minimising the surface area
exposed to direct sunlight.
The building Offices are
naturally ventilated, as the
site is away from traffic noise
and pollution
photovoltaic provide power
and the building’s cooling
system utilises ground water
pumped up via boreholes.
Overall, City Hall uses only a
quarter of the energy consumed
by a typical air-conditioned
London office building.
ventilation

55. CENTRE
GEORGES
POMPIDOU
IN 1970 an international
architectural competition was
launched based on a program
to build a cultural and arts
complex in the centre of
historic Paris set out by
French President Georges
Pompidou.
Architects: Richard Rogers
Renzo Piano

56. Type:
Culture and Leisure
Architectural style:
Postmodern / High-Tech
Location: Paris, France
Structural system:
superstructure with
reinforced concrete floors
Completed:
1971 - 1977
The plan is rectangular, with the
longer sides on the front of the
square and the service.
THEMES OF THE DESIGN
Flexible envelope | Steel structure
Simple geometric form
Exterior mechanical
Open piazza | Building circulation

57. THE STEEL SKELETON OF THE FLOORS
ARE DOMINANTLY VISIBLE FROM THE
OUTSIDE .
INSIDE OUT !
The steel columns surrounding
thee exterior of the concrete
cast floor plates to create part
of the industrial looking
exoskeleton.

58. ESCALATOR
USE OF ESCALATORS IS NOT ONLY
THE ASTHETIC ADVANTAGE BUT IT
ALSO HIGHLIGHTS THE POST
MODERN ERA.
A TUBE that zigzags
UP TO THE TOP OF THE
BUILDING PROVIDING
VISITORS WITH AN
ASTONISHING VIEW
OF THE CITY OF PARIS

59. The different systems on the
exterior of the building are
painted different colors to
distinguish their different roles.
• The structure and largest
ventilation components were
painted ,
• stairs and elevator structures
were painted a ,
• Colors

60. • ventilation was painted ,
• plumbing and fire control
piping painted ,
• the electrical elements are
and ,
• and the elevator motor
rooms and shafts, or the
elements that allow for
movement throughout the
building, are painted .

61. Interior
In this way, within the building
will get the same picture of
chaos and mass of its own
technological elements from
outside. Renzo Piano placed on
each piece of art for a small
ceiling visually protect the
network of pipes that are in the
roof and avoid the gaze be
distracted looking at the work
exposed.
the interior is quite bright as
the glass is continuous. By
passing all the roofs inside
the piping and that there are
elements in the facades, all
these elements are in sight.

62. MAROC
TELECOM
Location
Rabat, Morocco
Structural engineers
SETEC TPI
Area
27500.0 SQM
Project Year
2013
Architects
Jean-Paul Viguier
Omar Kobbite

63. Rabat is proud of its past but
also eager to look to the
future. The city could not,
therefore, avoid the necessity
to grow while combining
tradition and modernity.
The building, instead of oppose
these aspects, try to put in
relationship in order to
restore the subtle dialectic
that we can
found in the most beautiful
buildings of Morocco:
simplicity
richness
warmth and fresh
Clear
golden.

64. The proposed architectural
concept stems from a work on
a relationship between inside
and outside , the interior and
exterior architecture.
The project has a
very communicative
nature, Both in his
own Volumes than
in the relationship
with the outside
world
revealing the
"original“
interior of the
form. Only the
base of the
tower remains
intact as if
rooted in the
ground.
The tower rises from a large,
pure parallelepiped-shaped
volume covering the whole
surface area. Two prisms are
formed by sliding two halves of
the volume diagonally, thereby

65. This creates an architectural
style combining shade and light,
delicacy and power. The building
is topped off by a 27-metre
overhang, which makes a
powerful impression on the
observer.

66. The facades
The other facades are
naturally protected from the
sun by the different volumes
and the orientation of the
building, which allows a simple
and modern approach.
modern and
transparent
can be distinguish
-hed in two types:
the external ones are “high
performance” facades, very
expressive with varying shades
integrated into a “skin” or
double thick skin equipped with
opening on the inside.

67. Architects
Norman Foster
The Gherkin
Location:
London, England
Building Type:
Commercial
High-Rise
Floors:
40 floors
Height:
179.8 meters
Completion Date:
2003
30 ST.MARY AXE

68. spectacular
engaging
sustainable
amplifying the attributes
• team was that innovation in
building and form come from
development of new
technologies and techniques
for building.
• The seemingly expressionist
facade was actually
developed through air flow
testing .
• This design proved the best,
maximizing air flow around the
building
The philosophy of
the design
Client

69. • The structure is made up of a
“Diagrid,” comprised of steel
pieces coming together at
triangular nodes to support
the outer weight of the
structure.
• This design allows for
uninterrupted office
interiors with
revolving triangular
atriums that
connect the spaces
floor-to-floor
and allow for
ventilation.
•
• External skeleton of the
building is made of cross-linked
steel pieces,
which are then
clad by the
diamond-shaped
double glazing.
The structure
• Giant double glazed structure
lets natural light in, enhancing
the work
environment
and reducing
lighting costs.

70. • The steel nodes used in the
construction of the frame of the
building had to be tested and
simulated in order to make
absolutely sure that the building
would fit together and perform
properly.
• The design team constructed
mock-ups of the structural
connections, and then using
sophisticated computers,
calculated the amount of
deflection and compaction that
would take place over 40 stories
of construction.
“Pre-cambering.”

71. • Constructed on a diagrid
structure.
• Made of 5,500 glass panels
• Only piece of curved glass is
the lens.
• Radial floor design with each
floor is rotated 5°
• Set of six atriums two to six
stories high
Features
• Tapers outward from the
base and the narrows.
• Smaller footprint allows
for a public plaza.
• Aerodynamic shape creates
less downdraft.
• Building shape allows for
natural light
Plaza with Arcadian garden

72. • The triangulated perimeter
also provides enough
stiffness to the building to
resist high wind turbulence
at greater height, also the
slender shape provides
minimum resistance to winds.
• The narrower base is in line
with the narrow London
roads, which does not
make the building massive
or imposing, even after its
huge scale

73. • Differing air pressures and
double skin faCade allow for
natural ventilation
• Solar blinds to reclaim or
reject heat
• Windows and blinds are
computer controlled
• Light level and motion sensor
lights
&
Ventilation
Light

74. ENERGY USE
• Main energy source is gas
• Building was supposed to
consume 50% less energy
• Temperature can be
controlled in several
separate zones on each
floor.
• Building can potentially turn
off mechanical temperature
system 40% of the year
• Windows open when external
temperature is between 20°C
and 26°C and wind speed is
less than 10 mph

75. Panoramic dome
On the building's
top level (the
40th floor), there is a bar for
tenants and their
guests featuring
a 360° view of
London. A restaurant operates
on the 39th floor, and private
dining rooms on the 38th.
• reduce the amount of volatile
winds at pedestrian level.
• there is less heat loss over
the surface of the building
with smoother air flows
through the area.
• This low-pressure system
also allows the designers to
have large light wells at
heights that would be
otherwise unfeasible
“egg” shape
the
"l “

76. The double wall contains
venting flaps, built into the
triangular façade, to allow
hot air to travel up and out the
building. There is a built-in heat
exchange system built into the
ceiling of each floor unit, with
exchangers for cooling of
spaces, running off a cold-
water well for summer
months.
Passive strategies
Air Control Unit

80. High tech architecture Research | Done 