A dome is a hemispherical structure usually forming a ceiling or roof. Dome structures made of various materials have been used throughout history by several different civilizations. In the ancient Near East domes were made as tombs of solid mounds. The Inuit in the Arctic created their igloos from blocks of compacted snow, generally in the form of a dome.
Domes became technically significant with the introduction of the large-scale masonry hemispheres by the ancient Romans. The Sassanid Empire initiated the construction of the first large-scale domes in Persia while they regained popularity in Europe during the Renaissance and Baroque periods resulting in some of the most famous domes in the world.
When you think of art, some of the most recognizable and breathtaking works take a less traditional form. The most elaborate designs in architecture are steeped in history and innovation. Many of today's most stunning structures are influenced by ARTchitecture from Roman, Greek and French culture.
Although there are hundreds of buildings that stand out as architectural creations, not all of them are considered ARTchitecture. Our list of highlights contains only a sliver of the most amazing artistic structures in the world. The next time you travel, take note of the elaborate designs of the buildings around you and consider their historic influences. To see modern works of art in a virtual gallery, visit Gallery24Seven.com.
A dome is a hemispherical structure usually forming a ceiling or roof. Dome structures made of various materials have been used throughout history by several different civilizations. In the ancient Near East domes were made as tombs of solid mounds. The Inuit in the Arctic created their igloos from blocks of compacted snow, generally in the form of a dome.
Domes became technically significant with the introduction of the large-scale masonry hemispheres by the ancient Romans. The Sassanid Empire initiated the construction of the first large-scale domes in Persia while they regained popularity in Europe during the Renaissance and Baroque periods resulting in some of the most famous domes in the world.
When you think of art, some of the most recognizable and breathtaking works take a less traditional form. The most elaborate designs in architecture are steeped in history and innovation. Many of today's most stunning structures are influenced by ARTchitecture from Roman, Greek and French culture.
Although there are hundreds of buildings that stand out as architectural creations, not all of them are considered ARTchitecture. Our list of highlights contains only a sliver of the most amazing artistic structures in the world. The next time you travel, take note of the elaborate designs of the buildings around you and consider their historic influences. To see modern works of art in a virtual gallery, visit Gallery24Seven.com.
there are 7 old world wonders such as Leaning Tower of Pisa, Hagia Sophia, Porcelain Tower of Nanjing, El Shoqafa, Colloseum, Stonehenge and Great Wall of China.
Built more than 1800 years ago, the magnificent Pantheon building still stands as a reminder of the great Roman empire. Pantheon, with its thick brick walls and large marble columns, the Pantheon makes an immediate impression on visitors. But for its time the most remarkable part of the building is the more than 43 meter high some. It was the largest dome in the world until 1436 when the Florence Cathedral was constructed. At the top of the dome is a large opening, the oculus, which was the only source of light. The front portico has three rows of 8 columns, each one with a diameter of 1.5m. A huge bronze door gives access to the cylindrical building. Its
Originally a temple for all pagan gods, the temple was converted into a church in 609. The Pantheon now contains the tombs of the famous artist
Raphael and of several Italian Kings. Its ecclesiastic interior design contrast with the temple's structural design, but the marble floor - which features a design consisting of a series of geometric patterns - is still the ancient Roman original.
Dive into the innovative world of smart garages with our insightful presentation, "Exploring the Future of Smart Garages." This comprehensive guide covers the latest advancements in garage technology, including automated systems, smart security features, energy efficiency solutions, and seamless integration with smart home ecosystems. Learn how these technologies are transforming traditional garages into high-tech, efficient spaces that enhance convenience, safety, and sustainability.
Ideal for homeowners, tech enthusiasts, and industry professionals, this presentation provides valuable insights into the trends, benefits, and future developments in smart garage technology. Stay ahead of the curve with our expert analysis and practical tips on implementing smart garage solutions.
there are 7 old world wonders such as Leaning Tower of Pisa, Hagia Sophia, Porcelain Tower of Nanjing, El Shoqafa, Colloseum, Stonehenge and Great Wall of China.
Built more than 1800 years ago, the magnificent Pantheon building still stands as a reminder of the great Roman empire. Pantheon, with its thick brick walls and large marble columns, the Pantheon makes an immediate impression on visitors. But for its time the most remarkable part of the building is the more than 43 meter high some. It was the largest dome in the world until 1436 when the Florence Cathedral was constructed. At the top of the dome is a large opening, the oculus, which was the only source of light. The front portico has three rows of 8 columns, each one with a diameter of 1.5m. A huge bronze door gives access to the cylindrical building. Its
Originally a temple for all pagan gods, the temple was converted into a church in 609. The Pantheon now contains the tombs of the famous artist
Raphael and of several Italian Kings. Its ecclesiastic interior design contrast with the temple's structural design, but the marble floor - which features a design consisting of a series of geometric patterns - is still the ancient Roman original.
Dive into the innovative world of smart garages with our insightful presentation, "Exploring the Future of Smart Garages." This comprehensive guide covers the latest advancements in garage technology, including automated systems, smart security features, energy efficiency solutions, and seamless integration with smart home ecosystems. Learn how these technologies are transforming traditional garages into high-tech, efficient spaces that enhance convenience, safety, and sustainability.
Ideal for homeowners, tech enthusiasts, and industry professionals, this presentation provides valuable insights into the trends, benefits, and future developments in smart garage technology. Stay ahead of the curve with our expert analysis and practical tips on implementing smart garage solutions.
You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
Hello everyone! I am thrilled to present my latest portfolio on LinkedIn, marking the culmination of my architectural journey thus far. Over the span of five years, I've been fortunate to acquire a wealth of knowledge under the guidance of esteemed professors and industry mentors. From rigorous academic pursuits to practical engagements, each experience has contributed to my growth and refinement as an architecture student. This portfolio not only showcases my projects but also underscores my attention to detail and to innovative architecture as a profession.
Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.
https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/
The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
White Wonder by Eva Tschopp
A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...Mansi Shah
This study examines cattle rearing in urban and rural settings, focusing on milk production and consumption. By exploring a case in Ahmedabad, it highlights the challenges and processes in dairy farming across different environments, emphasising the need for sustainable practices and the essential role of milk in daily consumption.
2. INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF TOWERS
THE TOWER OF BABEL, BABYLON
PHAROS, THE LIGHTHOUSE OF ALEXANDRIA
TOWERS IN ANCIENT GREECE AND ROMES
ISLAMIC TOWERS
TOWERS OF HINDUISM
NINTEENTH AND TWEMTIETH CENTURY TOWERS
THE EIFFEL TOWER
3. THE FIRST CONCRETE TOWERS
CN TOWER
SKYSCRAPERS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
4. INTRODUCTION
Towers have bean built in all most all cultures from time
immemorial.
What motivates people to built them?
A Philosopher once spoke of a “Drive towards height”.
In those days, the drive towards height promoted architects
to build even higher and increase their technical ability,
In this way there came into the being towers to honor a
deity.
5. PHAROS, THE LIGHTHOUSE OF
ALEXANDRIA
Within a few centuries , Alexandria became the most
important city in the Mediterranean region. Today it remains
a major part.
Since Alexander the great died during the second invasion of
Babylon, in 323 B.C.
With total height of 120 to 140 meters for more than one
and a half millennia the lighthouse was the tallest stone
tower in the world.
The three – part arrangement of the height – an octagonal
tower on a square, raised base, with a round peak and
concluding sculpture.
6. The tower was
covered with white
marble and
arranged not only
vertically but also
with recesses and
protrusions.
7. ISLAMIC TOWERS
Minaret in Samarra(A.D.
836-852) by quasrel giss.
The mosque of Samarra was
and is the largest on all
mosques 240 X 156 meters
216 supports courtyard 440
X 376 meters.
The brick tower standing on
a base of approximately 30
meters has survived time
well.
The spiral shaped access in
the form of a ramped recalls
of the tower of Babel.
8. The Selim mosque in Edirne, built by Sinam from 1569-1574.
When Sinam is 18 years old, he was of the opinion that this
was his most mature work.
The four minarets 70 meters high stand freely besides the
mosque and with their exciting thinness, lend the entire
building a unique elegance.
9. The Taj Mahal in Agra was built 1631-48 during reign of
shah Jahan for his wife Arjuman Banu Begam. She was later
called Mumtaz Mahal.
The mausoleum, radiant in its luminous white marble,
contrasts with the red sandstone of the lower base and the
flanking structures.
It has become one of the most famous building of all times.
The poet Nizami mentions that in the course of the day the
tomb appears blue, yellow and white.
The marble reflects the color of the sky, depending upon the
time of day.
10.
11. HINDUISM TOWERS
The temple of the seven pagodas, an eighth century Hindu
monument in Mahabalipuram.
This double temple is executed in stone, with the main
shrine facing east, surrounded by a wall, and situated
directly on the ocean.
Step resembling stories rise from a square ground plan,
taper upward and are capped by a dome with an umbrella
shaped peak
This shorp temple of the seven pagodas, a pyramidal five
story structures, is 18 meters height and is built on a base
measuring 15 meters at the sides.
12.
13. The temple of
Jagannatha from the
eleventh century.
The typical parabolic
basic form is thinner
and extend higher than
elsewhere.
The horizontal
arrangement in the
super structure are
minimized, but the bas-
reliefs are more
consistently executed
than on Nacna.
14. Brihadvisvarasvamin Temple,
Thanjavur, in twelfth centuries in
Madras is one of the most famous and
important cola temples.
It is for the worship of Shiva.
This 63 meters towers stands on a
temple with a main shrine of 14 x 14
meters that is set on a base.
There is an abundance of various works
of arts at the entrance on the base and
above,
And it is richly adorned with depictions
of iron and crocodile, friezes with
imaginary animals and gods with their
women.
15. NINTEENTH AND TWEMTIETH CENTURY
TOWERS
The campanile of san Marco in
venice was erected on the site
of a wooden bell towers in
1392, the pper story was
redesign in 1512.
Following its collepse in 1902, it
was immediately rebuilt in its
earlier form, with reinforced
foundation, to a total height of
99 meters and provided with a
peak made of reinforced
concrete.
16. The Templo Della Sagrada
Familla a monumental church
in Barcelona, was begun 1822
by Antoni Guidi.
This structure, termed neo-
Catalonian Gothic was
intended to have twelve
towers 100 to 150 meters and
main dome with 27 meters
adjacent domes.
Only four tower east portal
was completed.
Gaudi died in 1926 without
being able to complete the
church.
17. THE EIFFEL TOWER
The Eiffel Tower is named after its designer, Alexendre-
Gustave Eiffel. Eiffel was a French civil engineer,
specializing in metal structures.
Eiffel won by unanimous vote with his tower design with a
latticework design. But all Parisians did not love the Eiffel
Tower. During the construction of the Eiffel Tower, a
petition was distributed demanding that it be dismantled.
Locals thought that the tower was an eyesore.
The tower stands 324 meters (1,063 ft) tall, about the
same height as an 81-storey building. It was the tallest
man-made structure in the world from its completion
18. The metal structure of the Eiffel Tower weighs
7,300 tones while the entire structure, including non-
metal components, is approximately 10,000 tones.
As a demonstration of the economy of design, if the 7,300
tones of the metal structure were melted down it would
fill the 125 meter square base to a depth of only 6 cm
(2.36 in), assuming the density of the metal to be 7.8
tones per cubic meter.
Depending on the ambient temperature, the top of the
tower may shift away from the sun by up to 18 cm (7.1 in)
because of thermal expansion of the metal on the side
facing the sun.
19. THE FIRST CONCRETE TOWERS
At the beginning of the
twentieth century Le Raincy
was a small parish church for
suburbs whose population
was rapidly growing. In 1918
the abbot of Le Raincy, Felix
Nègre, proposed in 1918 to
build a church to
commemorate the French
victory in the Battle of the
Marne in 1914.
20. The Lake Point Tower was
built in 1968 in Chicago.
The 70 story glass and
rounded shape resembles
design almost fifty years ago.
With the height of 196
meters , this building one of
the tallest in the world for
residence purpose , occupies
a privileged site in Chicago.
21. The north tower of the
world trade center in lower
manhattan was completed
in 1973.
With the height of 419
meters and 110 stories.
Critics maintain that tower
are regressive and simple
boxes with an enormous
plaza, masses with a lethal
effect.
22. Burj Dubai prior to its
inauguration, is
a skyscraper in Dubai
Construction began on 21
September 2004, with the
exterior of the structure
completed on 1 October
2009. The building officially
opened on 4 January 2010,
World's tallest building.
At over 828 metres (2,716.5
feet) and more than 160
stories.
23. CONCLUSION
The height of the tower and certainly their thinness
depended upon the level of knowledge, experience,
available material, manufacturing companies and economic
constraint.
24. REFERENCES
Towers and Bridges by Billing ton
Towers – A historical survey by Erwin and Frits
Google
Wikipedia