cardiovascular system symptoms: it includes chest pain, palpitations, syncope and shortness of breath as chief symptoms and other symptoms include hemoptysis, oedema and cyanosis which can also be included in cardiovascular symptoms. i have briefly described about questions that one needs to ask the patient in order to differentiate between different systems as well as to come to a certain provisional diagnosis.

15. TYPES
OF
ANGINA
1) PRINZMETAL ANGINA –
Occurs during rest and may recur
in a nightly cyclic pattern. It may
be accompanied by ST elevation
without raised trop I levels.
2) NOCTURNAL ANGINA – Occurs
during sleep at night due to
coronary ostial stenosis as seen in
cardiovascular syphilis
3) UNSTABLE ANGINA – This
includes:
a) Patients with new onset <2
months old angina that is sever
and frequent >/= 3 episodes per
day
b) Patients with accelerating
angina i.e earlier chronic stable
angina, now having frequent,
severe ,prolonged precipitations.
c) Angina at rest

16. • FRACTURED RIB
• COSTOCHONDRITIS
H/O TRAUMA
• CERVICAL ROOT COMPRESSION
H/O LIFTING HEAVY WEIGHT OR EXTREME
EXERCISE
• PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE
• OESOPHAGEAL TEAR
• OESOPHAGITIS
H/O RETROSTERNAL BURNING ASSOCIATED
WITH OTHER GI SYMPTOMS
• PNEUMOTHORAX
H/O OF DYSPNOEA WITH CHEST PAIN
• PNEUMONIA
• PLEURAL EFFUSION
• PULMONARY EMBOLISM
H/O COUGH WITH OR WITHOUT
EXPECTORATION ALONG WITH CHEST PAIN
• HERPES
H/O CHEST PAIN ALONG A DERMATOME
WITH APPEARANCE OF VESICULAR RASH

19. ORTHOPNOEA: Dyspnea that
develops in recumbent position and
is relieved on sitting upright.
PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL DYSPNOEA:
Attack of dyspnea which occurs at night and awakens the
patient from sleep. Occurs 2-5 hours after sleep onset and takes
10-30 minutes to recover.
TREPOPNEA:
Dyspnoea occurs only on left or right
lateral decubitus position, most often
in patients with heart disease.
PLATYPNOEA: Dyspnoea which
occurs only in upright position

20. •BRONCHAL ASTHMA
•COPD
•CHRONIC RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE
•PNEUMONIA
•PULONARY NEOPLASM
H/O COUGH WITH OR WITHOUT
EXPECTORATION ALONG WITH
DYSPNOEA
• CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE WITH FLUID OVERLOAD
• HEPATO RENAL SYNDROME
• RIGHT HEART FAILURE
H/O PEDAL EDEMA, ASCITES
• GULLIAN BARRE SYNDROME
H/O LOWER LIMB WEAKNESS ASCENDING
UPWARDS
• ANXIETY/PANIC DISORDER
• HYSTERIA
H/O FEELING OF IMPENDING DOOM
H/O ANTIANXIETY MEDICATIONS
CONSUMPTION
• SEVERE ANEMIA
H/O EASY FATIGUEABILITY
H/O LOSS OF BLOOD P/V OR P/R
H/O GENERALISED WEAKNESS

22. • EXTRASYSTOLES
• ATRIAL OR VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS
H/O ARRHYTHMIC BEATING
• THYROTOXICOSIS/HYPERTHYROIDISM
H/O WEIGHT LOSS, FREQUENT
MOTIONS, HEAT INTOLERANCE
• PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA
H/O SWEATING, SUSTAINED HIGH BP
ALONG WITH PALPITATIONS
• PYREXIA ASSOCIATED SINUS TACHYCARDIA
H/O FEVER
• ANEMIA
H/O EASY FATIGUEABILITY
H/O LOSS OF BLOOD P/V OR P/R
H/O GENERALISED WEAKNESS
• ATROPINE, ADRENALINE, THYROXINE, AMINOPHYLLINE,
ALCOHOL, TEA , COFFEE
H/O CONSUMPTION/ ADMINISTRATION
OF SOME DRUGS NAMELY

24. • HYPOVOLEMIA
H/O LOSS OF
BLOOD/PLASMA(BURNS)/FLUIDS(VOMI
TING, DIARRHOEA)
• VERTEBROBASILAR INSUFFICIENCY (STROKE)
H/O U/L WEAKNESS OF ARM AND LEG
• TUSSIVE SYNCOPE
• MICTURITION SYNCOPE
• DEFECATION SYNCOPE
H/O COUGH/MICTURITION/DEGLUTITION
PRECEDING SYNCOPE
• ANTIHYPERTENSIVES
• BETA BLOCKERS
• VASODILATORS
H/O DRUG CONSUMPTION
•AORTIC STENOSIS
•HYPERTROPHIC OBSTRUCTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY
•PULMONARY STENOSIS
•PULMONARY HYPERTENSION / EMBOLISM
•TETROLOGY OF FALLOT
H/O ASSOCIATED CVS SYMPTOMS LIKE
DYSPNOEA, CHEST PAIN