The document outlines the process of history taking and examination in ocular health, detailing the importance of demographic data and various symptoms of eye conditions. Key components include the chief complaint, history of presenting illness, and past medical history, which help identify potential diseases and their appropriate management. It emphasizes the significance of thoroughly documenting symptoms related to vision disturbances, ocular pain, and abnormal eye secretions.

1. HISTORY TAKING AND EXAMINATION

2. • This entails
– Demographic data
– Chief complain
– History of presenting illness
– History of past illness
– Family history
– Obsgynae history
– Prenatal, natal and post natal history

3. Demographic data
• Includes:
– Age
– Sex
– Occupation
– Religion
• Name and address for identification and proves
useful demographic research
• Age and sex, is important to rule out particular
disease pertaining the different age group and
particular sex

4. • Occupation: enables to identify occupational hazards
– Ocular injury and trauma due to foreign body factor have
typical pattern in factory workers, lather workers, farmers
and sports
– Computer vision syndrome is emerging as a significant
ocular health problem in computer professionals
– Heat cataract is known in glass factory
– Photophthalmitis known in welders

5. Chief complain
• Defective vision
• Watering/ discharging eyes
• Photophobia
• Burning/itchy eyes
• Pain
• Deviation of eye
• Color halos
• Distorted vision
• Asthenopia symptoms
• Redness

6. Classification of ocular symptoms
1. Visual disturbance
• Blurred vision/ decreased central vision, near or distance
• Decreased peripheral vision: altered images; macropsia,
micropsia,
• Diplopia; monocular, binocular,horizontal, vertical, obligue
• Floaters
• Photopsia
• Dark adaptation
• Dyslexia
• Colour vision abnormalities
• Blindness
• Oscillopsia- shaking objects

7. 2. Ocular pain/ discomfort
• Foreign body sensation
• Ciliary, deep pain ( eye aches)
• Photophobia
• Burning sensation
• Itchness that compels a patient to rub the eyes
• Asthenopia ( eye strain)

8. 3. Abnormal eye secretion
• Lacrimation
• Epiphora
• Discharge; purulent, mucopurulent, stringy, mucoid

9. Abnormal appearance
• Ptosis
• Proptosis
• Enophthalmos
• Blepharitis
• Malignment of the eye
• Redness
• Anisocoria

10. History of presenting illness
• Patients should be encouraged to narrative their
complain in details and the examiner should be a
good listener.
• Take note of
– Mode of onset
– Severely
– Progression
– Accompaniment of each symptom

11. History of past illness
 History of similar complain in the past
 History of similar complain in the other eye
 History of trauma in the past may explain delayed rosette and
retinal.
 It is important about history of any ocular surgery in the past
 History of any systemic diseases in the past e.g. tuberculosis,
leprosy, HIV
 History of drug intake is also important
 History of ambylopia with childhood eye patch