Pakistan gained independence from British rule in 1947. It was formed as a separate Muslim state for Muslims in South Asia in response to fears that Muslims would be marginalized in a united India. Pakistan has a population of over 169 million, with Islam being the dominant religion. Urdu is the national language, though English is also widely used. Northern Pakistan is mountainous, while the south is more fertile. Pakistan has a semi-presidential system with an elected president as head of state and an elected prime minister as head of government. Major holidays include Independence Day on August 14th and Defense Day, which commemorates the military's role in defending the nation.

1. Pakistan
By: Mariyum Iqbal and Nasim
Naghavi.

2. Pakistani History
• The war of independence in 1857 was the regions last
major struggle against the British Raj.
• In the 1930’s the Muslim League rose to popularity amid
fears of neglecting the Muslims in politics.
• On the 29th of December in 1930, Allama Iqbal’s
presidential address called for a separate Muslim state in
northwest an eastern South Asia.
• The Muslim League adopted the Lahore resolution (also
known as the Pakistani Resolution) which ultimately led to
the separation of Pakistan.
• Pakistan was declared a country on August 14th, 1974,
with two muslin majority wings in eastern and
northwestern regions of British India.

3. Demographics
• Pakistan has an estimated population of
169,270,617, as of in 2007. with a high
growth rate Pakistan is larger in population
than Russia, giving it the 6th largest
population in the world.
• The demographic religion in Pakistan is
Islam followed by Christianity and
Hinduism.(96% Muslims)
• Urdu is the national language of Pakistan,
but English is used more often with
corporate businesses, the educated urban
elite, and most universities.

4. Geography
• Northern Pakistan is
made up of vast mountain
ranges.
• The Himalayan, the
Karakorum, the Hindu
Kush and the Pamirs
mountain ranges all meet
in northern Pakistan, and
give rise to some of the
highest mountains on
Earth.
• Further south the
mountains give way to a
fertile, hilly central region.

5. Pakistani Government
• Pakistan at the moment has a Semi-
Presidential system.
• The President of Pakistan is the Head of
State. (Pervez Musharraf)
• The Prime minister is the head of
government. (Shaukat Aziz)
• Executive power is exercised by the
government while Legislative power is
largely vested in the parliament.

6. Human Rights in Pakistan
• Pakistan’s security forces are known to
excessive and sometimes lethal force and
are associated in extrajudicial killings of
civilians and suspected militants.
• The police and military have been
accused of engaging in physical abuse,
arbitrary arrest and detention, particularly
in areas of acute conflict.

7. Culture
• Pakistan has a very rich cultural and traditional
background going back to Indus Valley
Civilization, 2800 BC–1800 BC.
• The national dress is the Shalwar Kameez.
Women often wear brighter colored Shalwar
Kameez, while the men usually wear more solid
tones.
• The official and national sport in Pakistan ie
Field Hockey, but squash and cricket are also
popular.

8. Holidays
• Yom-e-Istiqlal: is the independence day of Pakistan and also a
National holiday, it is observed on August 14th at 12:00 clock, the
day in which Pakistan became independent from British rule by then
it was known as the Indian Empire in 1947.
• Yom-e-Wafat-e-Quaid-e-Azam: is the death anniversary Quiad-e-
Azam Muhammad Ali jinnah which is now a holiday in Pakistan.
• Yom-e-Viladat-e-Muhammed Iqbal: is the birthday of a National poet
Muhammad Iqbal who was born in 1877and it is also a holiday in
Pakistan.
• Yom-e-Difa: also known as the Defense Day in Pakistan it is also
one of the holidays in Pakistan. It is the day in which it
commemorates the military’s role in defense of the Nation.